2022年考博英语-山西大学考试名师点拨押题密卷76（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Many countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confirmation that the danger lies less in what a motorists hands do when he takes a call than in what the conversation does to his br

2、ain. Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a drivers attention to an alarming extent.Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving ta

3、sks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the

4、equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks

5、 than those who were not talking.Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz also explored the effect of simply listening to somethingsuch as a radio programme. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stokers “Dracula.” Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would

6、 be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction time. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger. Dr. Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversatio

7、n competes for the brains resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not.Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossibleespecially becaus

8、e more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And theyll be more likely to arr

9、ive in one piece.1.In Kunar and Horowitzs experiments, the subjects who performed tasks while talking（ ）.2.According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking（ ）.3.According to the last paragraph, the law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving （ ）.4.The best hope of stopping peop

10、le from using hands-free phones lies with（ ）.5.The purpose of the passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.reacted more quickly, but made more mistakesB.reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakesC.reacted more slowly and made more mistakesD.reacted more slowly, but made fewer mistakes问题2选项A.affects drivers more th

11、an listening to a storyB.affects drivers more than a phone conversationC.has less effect on the drivers than listening to a storyD.has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversation问题3选项A.has been frequently brokenB.is necessary and feasibleC.has been strictly enforcedD.will arouse heated deba

12、te问题4选项A.car manufacturersB.lawmakersC.new technologyD.drivers themselves问题5选项A.call on lawmakers to make strict laws on the use of cell phonesB.inform people of the danger of using cell phones while drivingC.weigh the benefits and harms of using cell phones when drivingD.offer suggestions for drive

13、rs who use cell phones while driving【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not（做了相当于接听免提电话的人跟没有做这个任务的人相比，平均反应时间慢了212毫秒）和第五句group using the hands-free kit made

14、83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking（使用免提工具的那一组在任务中比那些没有说话的那一组多出83%的错），可知受干扰的那一组反应更慢，错误更多，故C反应更慢，错误更多正确。其他选项不符合题意。因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第三段第三句they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction time（他们之后会被问到关于这个故事的问题，但这对他们的反应时

15、间几乎没有影响）和第四句The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger.（这项由犹他大学的弗兰克德鲁斯领导的研究表明，乘客的闲聊也是如此。），可知听故事和听顾客讲话一样对司机几乎没有影响，A选项“比听故事更影响司机”和C选项“对司机的影响小于听故事”错误。根据第一题，可知电话交谈让司机反应变慢，犯错更多，因此B选项“比电话交谈更影响司机”错误，D选项“对司机影响小于电话交谈”正确。因此D选项正确

16、。3.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult（惩罚开车时手握小工具的行为很难），可知不能严格禁止，C选项“被严格执行”错误。根据第二句Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossible（不可能阻止人们使用免提电话），可知禁止开车时使用不可行，B选项“必要且可行”错误。根据第三句Persuading people to switch their phones off altoget

17、her when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer.（劝诫人们在开车时关机也许是唯一的解决之道。），结合全文内容，可知很多人在开车时打电话，法律限制不了，只能劝诫，故A选项“经常被打破”正确。D选项“将引起激烈辩论”没有提到。因此A选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第四段第三句Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer.（劝诫人们在开车时关机也许是唯一的

18、解决之道。），可知最大希望是D选项“司机自己”，故D选项正确。A选项“汽车制造商”：根据第二句Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossibleespecially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard（不可能阻止人们使用免提电话尤其是现在越来越多的车辆都配备了必要的标准设备。），可知汽车制造商甚至加剧了问题。B选项“立法者”：法律不能发挥作用。C选项“新技术”：

19、文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章通过各种实验说明不同活动对开车的影响，点出使用手机打电话影响最大，最后一段说唯一能够规避这种情况的就是司机自己，可知本文目的是D选项“为开车时使用手机的司机提供建议”，故D选项正确。A选项“呼吁立法者对手机的使用制定严格的法律”不符合文章观点。B选项“告诉人们开车时使用手机的危险”没有特别提出；C选项“权衡开车时使用手机的好处和坏处”没有讲到好处。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Many children often（ ）why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.问题1选项A.e

20、xpectB.wonderC.assumeD.anticipate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项expect“猜想；认为；料想”；B选项wonder“想知道，琢磨”；C选项assume“设想；承担；采取”；D选项anticipate“预期；期盼”。句意：许多孩子经常（ ）为什么飞机能像鸟一样飞，而我们人类不能。根据语境，wonder“想知道，琢磨”和why搭配比较合理。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题The ability to focus attention on important things is a（ ）characteristic of intelligence.问题1选项A.

21、decliningB.definingC.deceivingD.defending【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项declining“下滑的；衰退的；倾斜的”；B选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”；C选项deceiving“欺骗性的”；D选项defending“防守型的”。句意：把注意力集中在重要事情上的能力是智慧的一个（ ）特征。根据语境，defining“最典型的”和intelligence“智慧”搭配比较合理。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题What is a lifestyle and how is that different from a life? A life

22、style is about brand（1）and buying identity or fame. Lifestyle gives a（2）of peace and acceptability that comes from others recognizing what youve bought. If your car and clothes are expensive, then you receive the superficial（3）of others.A life,（4）is very different. A life is what you lead when you k

23、now what（5）most to you. Your self-esteem comes from whats inside you. It comes from being connected to what you know is important, and being（6）to put that first no matter what others may think.How many times have you seen someone work（7）hours in a job that they do not enjoy just to be able to （8）an

24、expensive lifestyle? There was a recent commercial on TV that showed a man laughing in his yard saying: “I drive an expensive car, have a 5 bedroom home, a country club membership, a swimming pool and Im in debt（9）my eyeballs！”Lifestyle is expensive because it（10）a great deal to do what you think is

25、 socially（11）. A life is not expensive. Rather than（12）personal or financial resources, a life generates（13）and power. This is not an issue of（14）luxury for its own sake; its about liberating yourself from the（15）consumption that society dictates. It is about making the choices that are （16）your val

26、ues.How can you make the change? Understand the（17）between a Life (being directed from within) and a Lifestyle (being directed from outside). Analyze your current lifestyle to see（18）is costing you in money, time and energy to keep it. Let go and（19）what is really important to you, what（20）you and b

27、rings you joy. Remember who you are from within, not what you own!问题1选项A.symbolsB.titlesC.namesD.labels问题2选项A.senseB.reasonC.statusD.case问题3选项A.jealousyB.criticismC.gratitudeD.approval问题4选项A.in other wordsB.at the same timeC.as a resultD.on the other hand问题5选项A.refersB.mattersC.holdsD.works问题6选项A.ge

28、nerousB.relievedC.willingD.grateful问题7选项A.limitedB.onlyC.longD.fair问题8选项A.maintainB.appreciateC.tolerateD.reform问题9选项A.up toB.equal toC.down toD.relevant to问题10选项A.meansB.spendsC.provesD.costs问题11选项A.believableB.reliableC.comfortableD.acceptable问题12选项A.collectingB.drainingC.dismissingD.spreading问题13

29、选项A.kindnessB.knowledgeC.energyD.beauty问题14选项A.buyingB.losingC.avoidingD.counting问题15选项A.mindlessB.effortlessC.selflessD.careless问题16选项A.in line withB.in comparison withC.in contrast withD.in touch with问题17选项A.balanceB.spaceC.differenceD.connection问题18选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题19选项A.make up forB.ma

30、ke use ofC.make peace withD.make room for问题20选项A.sustainsB.detainsC.obtainsD.contains【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:C第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:D第12题:B第13题:C第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项symbols“符号；标志”；B选项titles“主题；标题”；C选项names“名字；名望”；D选项labels“标签；标记”。句意：生活方式是关于品牌（ ）和换取身

31、份或名声。根据第一段第三句peace and acceptability that comes from others recognizing what youve bought（别人认可你买的东西带来的平静和被接纳），可知横线指的是brand“品牌”带来的好处，故names“名望”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2.考查名词辨析。A选项sense“感觉；道理”；B选项reason“理由”；C选项status“地位；状态；情形”；D选项case“情况；实例”。句意：生活方式给人一种的平静和被接纳的虚假（ ），这种（ ）来自于别人认可你所买的东西。平静是一种感觉，所以sense“感觉”符合语境。因此A

32、选项正确。3.考查名词辨析。A选项jealousy“妒嫉；猜忌；戒备”；B选项criticism“批评；考证；苛求”；C选项gratitude“感激”；D选项approval“批准；认可；赞同”。句意：如果你的车和衣服很贵，那么你只会得到别人表面上的（ ）。联系上文语境别人认可你买的东西，可知这里指的是approval“认可；赞同”；或者说上文提到品牌换取名声，可知这里指的是正向的感觉。因此D选项正确。4.考查词组辨析。A选项in other words“换句话说”；B选项at the same time“同时”；C选项as a result“结果”；D选项on the other hand“

33、另一方面”。句意：（ ），生活不一样。上文说到生活方式是怎样的，这里说生活和生活方式不同，下文点出两者的不同，推测这里表示转折，on the other hand“另一方面”符合语境。因此D选项正确。5.考查动词辨析。A选项refers“参考，指的是”；B选项matters“要紧”；C选项holds“把握；保存”；D选项works“奏效；工作”。句意：生活就是当你知道什么对你（ ）的时候，你所过的生活。根据语境，下文说到把自己认为最重要的放在首位，而不管别人的想法，可知这里指的是什么对自己是最重要的，matters“要紧”符合题意。因此B选项正确。6.考查形容词辨析。A选项generous“慷

34、慨的；宽宏大量的”；B选项relieved“感到宽慰的；放心的”；C选项willing“乐意的，自愿的”；D选项grateful“感激的；愉快的”。句意：无论别人怎么想，都（ ）把自己的想法放在首位。根据语境，这里指的是坚定的坚持自己认为重要的东西，所以willing“乐意的，自愿的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项limited“有限的”；B选项only“仅有的；最好的”；C选项long“长时间的；远的”；D选项fair“公平的；相当好的”。句意：你有多少次看到有人仅仅为了维持生活方式，在他们不喜欢的工作上花费（ ）小时？根据语境，这里指的是为了得到钱而在不喜欢的工作上花

35、费很长时间，long“长时间的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。8.考查动词辨析。A选项maintain“维持；维修；主张”；B选项appreciate“欣赏；感激；领会”；C选项tolerate“忍受；默许；宽恕”；D选项reform“改革；重组；改过自新”。句意：仅仅为了（ ）昂贵的生活方式。maintain“维持”和lifestyle“生活方式”搭配比较合理。因此A选项正确。9.考查固定搭配。A选项up to my eyeballs“深陷困境”；B选项equal to“等于；胜任”；C选项down to“以至”；D选项relevant to“有关的”。句意：我深陷困境（负债累累）。因此A选项正

36、确。10.考查动词辨析。A选项means“意味着”；B选项spends“花费”，sb. spend sth. on doing sth.；C选项proves“证明”；D选项costs“花费”it costs sb. sth. to do sth.。句意：生活方式很昂贵，因为你要（ ）很多去做。根据语境，可知这里指要花很多钱，根据两个花费的不同用法确定选D。因此D选项正确。11.考查形容词辨析。A选项believable“可信的”；B选项reliable“可靠的”；C选项comfortable“舒服的”；D选项acceptable“可接受的”。句意：花很多钱做你认为社会（ ）的事情。根据这里的语

37、境，这里填acceptable“可接受的”比较合理，而且上文说到生活方式给人虚假的被接受的感觉。因此D选项正确。12.考查动词辨析。A选项collecting“收集”；B选项draining“使枯竭；排水；使疲惫的”；C选项dismissing“摒弃”；D选项spreading“传播；摊开”。句意：生命不是（ ）个人或经济资源，而是产生和力量。根据句意，可知横线上的是和generates“产生”相反意思的词，draining“使枯竭”符合题意。因此B选项正确。13.考查名词辨析。A选项kindness“仁慈，善意”；B选项knowledge“知识”；C选项energy“能量；活力”；D选项be

38、auty“美丽”。句意：生命不是耗竭个人或经济资源，而是产生（ ）和力量。根据句意可知，横线里的词是和resources“资源”相似的词，energy“能量；活力”符合题意。因此C选项正确。14.考查动词辨析。A选项buying“购买”；B选项losing“失去”；C选项avoiding“避免”；D选项counting“计算”。句意：这不仅仅是纯粹（ ）奢侈品而已。下一句说到而是把你从社会支配的消费中解放出来，推测这里指的是不买奢侈品，avoiding“避免”符合题意。因此C选项正确。15.考查形容词辨析。A选项mindless“盲目的；不合理的”；B选项effortless“容易的；天生的”

39、；C选项selfless“无私的”；D选项careless“粗心的；无忧无虑的”。句意：这是关于把你从社会支配的（ ）消费中解放出来。根据语境，mindless“盲目的”搭配consumption“消费”比较合理。因此A选项正确。16.考查词组辨析。A选项in line with“符合”；B选项in comparison with“相比之下”；C选项in contrast with“形成对比”；D选项in touch with“有联系”。句意：它是关于做出（ ）你价值观的选择。根据语境，in line with“符合”搭配values“价值观”比较合理。因此A选项正确。17.考查名词辨析。A选

40、项balance“平衡”；B选项space“空间”；C选项difference“区别”；D选项connection“关联”。句意：理解生活（由内部指导）和生活方式（由外部指导）之间的（ ）。文章一直在说生活是怎样的，生活方式是怎样的，强调两者的区别，所以difference“区别”符合题意。因此C选项正确。18.考查词义辨析。A选项when“什么时候”；B选项why“为什么”；C选项that“那个”；D选项what“是什么”。句意：分析一下你现在的生活方式，看看（ ）花费你的金钱、时间和精力来维持这种生活方式。根据语境，可知what“是什么”比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。19.考查词组辨析。A

41、选项make up for“弥补”；B选项make use of“利用”；C选项make peace with“讲和”；D选项make room for“让出地方”。句意：放手吧，（ ）那些对你真正重要的东西。根据上文，这里的放手指的是放下对自己不重要的东西，好为对自己真正重要的东西留位置，所以make room for“让出地方”符合题意。因此D选项正确。20.考查介词辨析。A选项sustains“支持；保持”；B选项detains“拘留；耽搁”；C选项obtains“获得”；D选项contains“容纳；控制”。句意：那些对你真正重要的，（ ）你的，给你带来快乐的东西。根据语境，这里填su

42、stains“支持；保持”比较符合题意。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Of all the classical composers, Tchaikovsky has been a veritable gold-mine as a（ ）source of themes for popular arrangements.问题1选项A.lucrativeB.ostensibleC.orthodoxD.tentative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lucrative“有利可图的，赚钱的”；B选项ostensible“表面的，假装的”；C选项orthodox“正统的；惯常的”；D选项tenta

43、tive“不确定的，暂定的；犹豫的”。句意：在所有的古典作曲家中，柴可夫斯基是一个名副其实的金矿，他总是创造出大受市场欢迎的主题作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative与其意思对应。因此A选项正确。6. 翻译题Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smo

44、ker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the

45、 notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.【答案】人们普遍认为吸烟成瘾，与其说戒烟是个人选择的问题，不如说是意志力的问题。虽然就医和药物治疗能

46、增加永久戒烟的概率，但避免进退两难的最好办法是一开始就不吸烟。吸烟带来不可逆的影响程度不同，且与烟瘾和烟龄有关，也与最初接触烟的年龄有关。本报告挑战的是一种观点，即几年的吸烟史不会产生长期的不良后果。我们希望劝说人们不要染上这一常见而致命的习惯，并指出随着戒烟时间的增加，烟草对健康产生的影响就会大幅度减少。7. 单选题It is obvious that,（ ）self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.问题1选项A.whileB.asC.whenD.since【答案】A【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项while用作连词

47、时，译为“当时候，和同时；虽然，尽管”；B选项as表原因；C选项when表时间；D选项since表原因。题干的意思是“很明显，虽然自我意识是一种健康的品质，（ ）过度的自我意识是有害的。”所以空格处应填while表转折。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题He is a young and（ ）coach who is prepared to lead his team to win the championship in his first season.问题1选项A.realisticB.humorousC.ambitiousD.intimate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项realis

48、tic “现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的”；B选项humorous “诙谐的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的”；C选项ambitious “野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的”；D选项intimate “亲密的；私人的；精通的”。句意：他是一个年轻而有（ ）的教练，他准备在他的第一个赛季带领他的球队赢得冠军。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题Each（ ）effort a baby makes at speech is a sign of intellectual development.问题1选项A.cordialB.compactC.clumsyD.chronic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项

49、cordial“热情的，真诚的”；B选项compact“体积小的，精制的”；C选项clumsy“笨拙的，不灵活的”；D选项chronic“长期的，慢性的”。句意：婴儿在说话时的每一次（ ）努力都是智力发展的标志。“每一次热情的/体积小的/长期的努力”都没有“笨拙的”更合适，因此C选项正确。10. 单选题Once, at a party, I was introduced to a friend of a friend. We shook hands, I told her my name, she told me hers. Then she did something that I was

50、ever so grateful for. “Hang on,” she said. “Can you say your name again? I wasnt really listening.” She saved me from having to laterpossibly even at the same partysheepishly admit that I, too, had already forgotten her name.An informal poll of fellow Atlantic staffers confirmed my suspicion that th

51、is is something that happens to even the most kind and conscientious among us. No sooner does someone utter the most fundamental factoid about themselves than the information flees our brains forever.There are a few reasons why this occurs:Youre not really that interested: Maybe youre just making an

52、 appearance at this party and are planning to abscond shortly to a superior kick-back. Your level of interest can impact how well you remember something. “Some people, perhaps those who are more socially aware, are just more interested in people, more interested in relationships,” Richard Harris, pr

53、ofessor of psychology at Kansas State University, told Science Daily. “They would be more motivated to remember somebodys name.” There are two types of storage in the brain: Long-term and short-term. The short-term variety is called “working memory,” and it functions like a very leaky thermos. It do

54、esnt hold much and it spills stuff out all the time. “You can hold just a little bit of information there and if you dont concentrate on it, it fades away rapidly,” Paul Reber, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, told me in an email. “Information like a name needs to be transferred to

55、 a different brain system that creates long-term memories that persist over time.” Theres not much in a name, frankly. It doesnt actually tell you anything about the person youre meeting, and thus it doesnt give your brain anything to cling to. “Human memory is very good at things like faces and fac

56、tual information that connects well to other information you already know,” Reber said. The name ends up neither connecting to what you already know nor standing out as unusual,” Reber said. “So you get this funny phenomenon where you can remember lots about a person you recently meteverything excep

57、t their name (this happens to me all the time).”1.The author points out in the first two paragraphs that（ ）.2.According to Richard Harris, how well we remember a name is related to（ ）.3.What is the problem mentioned in Paragraph 5?4.It can be learned from Paragraph 6 that names are（ ）.5.What is the

58、best title for the passage?问题1选项A.we want to know how to remember other peoples nameB.we often feel sorry for forgetting other peoples nameC.it is important to remember other peoples nameD.it is just common to forget other peoples name问题2选项A.whether it is necessary to do itB.whether the name is easy

59、 to rememberC.how good our memory isD.how interested we are in that person问题3选项A.Limit of working memory.B.Confusing information.C.Malfunction of the brain.D.Too much information.问题4选项A.symbolicB.pointlessC.uniqueD.informative问题5选项A.Whats in a name?B.Whats your name, again?C.Dont forget my nameD.Tha

60、ts my name【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。前两段作者根据自己的亲身经历讲述我们经常忘记别人的名字。该题的解题关键在于要联系上下文，第三段说道“There are a few reasons why this occurs:（出现这种情况有以下几个原因：）”，那么最能承接这句话的就是正确答案。A选项“我们想知道如何记住别人的名字”；B选项“我们常常因为忘记了别人的名字而感到抱歉”；C选项“记住别人的名字是很重要的”都和下文联系不大，所以D选项“忘记别人的名字是很正常的”正确。2.事实细节题。第四段中指出“Your level of in

61、terest can impact how well you remember something.（你的兴趣程度会影响你记忆的好坏。）”，Richard Harris的研究指出也表明“Some people, perhaps those who are more socially aware, are just more interested in people, more interested in relationships（有些人可能更有社会意识，对人更感兴趣，对人际关系更感兴趣。）”，A选项“是否有必要做这件事”；B选项“名字是否容易被记住”；C选项“我们的记忆力有多好”都与原文不符

62、，因此D选项“我们对那个人有多感兴趣”正确。3.推理判断题。第五段主要讲了短时记忆即工作记忆的缺点。“The short-term variety is called working memory, and it functions like a very leaky thermos. It doesnt hold much and it spills stuff out all the time.（短期记忆被称为工作记忆，它的功能就像一个漏水的保温瓶。它装不了多少东西，还总是把东西倒出来。）”。B选项“混乱的信息”；C选项“大脑功能障碍”；D选项“太多的信息”都不符合段意，因此A选项“工作记忆的限制”正确。4.事实细节题。第六段说到“Theres not much in a name, frankly. It doesnt actually tell you anything about the person youre meeting, and thus it doesnt give you