2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库及模拟押密卷64（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really_ of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. reflections反映；反响 B. demonstrations示范；展示C. illuminations启发；阐释 D. reproductions复制；复制品【考查点】

2、近义词辨析。【解题思路】句中mirror在这里表示反映的意思，that 引导一个定语从句修饰novel，在这里表示尝试反映世界的小说。空格后接of，of短语做后置定语。主句为novels are+空格处名词。空格处应该填一个与mirror相似的单词，表示反映的意思。A选项reflection符合句意。【干扰项排除】B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示；C选项illumination指某物能够被理解；D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说实际上反映了它们所代表的现实。2. 单选题In the early 1950s, histori

3、ans who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite the kings, ge

4、nerals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. One difficulty, however, was that few of the remaining 97 percent recorded their thoughts or had them chronicle by contemporaries. Faced with this situation, many historians based their investigations

5、on the only records that seemed to exist birth, marriage, and death records. As a result, much of the early work on the nonelite was aridly statistical in nature; reducing the vast majority of the population to a set of numbers was hardly more enlightening than ignoring them altogether. Historians s

6、till did not know what these people thought or felt.One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the nonelite can most often be heard as witnesses, plaintiffs and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of enter into the mental world of th

7、e poor”. Historians such as Le Roy Laduries have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups(these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered just

8、ice. It has been societies that have had a developed police system and practiced Roman law, with its written depositions, whose court records have yielded the most data to historians. In Anglo-Saxon countries hardly any of these benefits obtain, but it has still been possible to glean information fr

9、om the study of legal documents.The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study preindustrial Europe have used the records to establish a series of categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given num

10、ber of years. This use of the records does yield some information about the nonelite, but this information gives us little insight into the mental lives of the nonelite. We also know that the number of indictments in preindustrial Europe bears little relation to the number of actual criminal acts, a

11、nd we strongly suspect that the relationship has varied widely over time. In addition, aggregate population estimates are very shaky, which makes it difficult for historians to compare rates of crime per thousand in one decade of the preindustrial period with rates in another decade. Given, one inad

12、equacies, it is clear why the case history use of court records is to be preferred.1.The author suggests that, before the early 1950s,most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?2.It can be inferred from the passage that much of the early work by historians on the Eur

13、opean nonelite of the preindustrial period might have been more illuminating if these historians had（ ）.3.The author mentions Le Roy Ladurie in order to（ ）.4.According to the passage which of the following is true of indictments for crime in Europe in the preindustrial period?5.It can be inferred fr

14、om the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in one decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?问题1选项A.Failed to make distinctions a

15、mong members of the preindustrial European political and social elite.B.Used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature.C.Inaccurately estimated the influence of the preindustrial European political and social elite.D.Confined their work to a narrow range of the preindu

16、strial European population.问题2选项A.used different methods of statistical analysis to investigate the noneliteB.been more successful in identifying the attitudes of civil authorities, especially those who administered justice, toward the noneliteC.been able to draw on more accounts, written by contemp

17、oraries of the nonelite, that described what this nonelite thoughtD.relied more heavily on the personal records left by members of the European political and social elite who lived during the period in question问题3选项A.give an example of a historian who has made one kind of use of court recordB.cite a

18、 historian who has based case histories on the birth, marriage, and death records of the noneliteC.identify the author of the quotation cited in the previous sentenceD.gain authoritative support for the view that the case history approach is the most fruitful approach to court records问题4选项A.They hav

19、e in terms of their numbers, remained relatively constant over time.B.They give the historian important information about the mental lives of those indicted.C.They are not a particularly accurate indication of the extent of actual criminal activity.D.Their importance to historians of the nonelite ha

20、s been generally.问题5选项A.The causes of unrest in the city during the two decades.B.The aggregate number of indictments in the city nearest to the city under.C.The number of people who lived in the city during each of the decades under investigation.D.The mental attitudes of criminals in the city, inc

21、luding their feelings about authority, during each of the decades under investigation.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段开头提到二十世纪五十年代早期，研究前工业化时代欧洲的史学家首次以众多的人数开始调查前工业化人口中的大多数，而不是那些少数的精英，如国王、将军、法官、贵族等（In the early 1950s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here

22、as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hit

23、herto usually filled history books），由此可推测，在此之前的研究是集中在少数人身上，因此选项D“将他们的研究范围限定在前工业化欧洲的小部分人”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文中可推断出，如果史学家,那么他们关于前工业时代欧洲非精英阶层的许多早期著作可能更具启发性”。文章第一段提到一个难题是剩下的97%的人中很少有人记录了他们的想法，或者他们同时代人的编年史（One difficulty, however, was that few of the remaining 97 percent recorded their thoughts or had t

24、hem chronicle by contemporaries），意味着如果能够利用同时代的非精英所写的叙述来描述非精英人的想法，将会更具启发性，因此选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段提到摆脱这种困境的一种方法是求助于合法法庭的记录，因为在这里，非精英的声音通常可以作为证人、原告和被告的身份被听到（One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the nonelite can most often be heard as witnesses,

25、plaintiffs and defendants），接着提到Le Roy lad陪审团等历史学家使用过这些文件（Historians such as Le Roy Laduries have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups），由此可知选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到这些记录的使用确实产生了一些关于非精英的信息，但这些信息并不能让我们洞察到非精英的精神生活（This use of the re

26、cords does yield some information about the nonelite, but this information gives us little insight into the mental lives of the nonelite），由此可知选项C“它们并不能特别准确地表明实际犯罪活动的程度”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，一个历史学家希望将欧洲15世纪一个十年内每千人的犯罪率与那个世纪十年内的犯罪率对比，可能最得益于下列哪个信息？”文章最后一段提到对人口总数的估计不可靠，这使得历史学家很难比较前工业化时期十年内的每千人犯罪率与另一

27、个十年的犯罪率（In addition, aggregate population estimates are very shaky, which makes it difficult for historians to compare rates of crime per thousand in one decade of the preindustrial period with rates in another decade），由此可知选项C“在接受调查的几十年中，居住在该市的人数”符合题意。3. 单选题The escaped prisoner jumped onto the boat

28、and then（ ）it away from the seashore with a pole.问题1选项A.pushedB.shovedC.urgedD.pressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。push“推动，增加”；shove“挤，撞，猛推”；urge“催促，敦促”；press“压，按，逼迫”。push away=shove。句意：逃犯先跳上船，然后用杆子将船退离岸边。只有A项能与away搭配，且符合句意。故A项正确。4. 单选题An airplane（ ）in the mountain.问题1选项A.crashedB.smashedC.clashedD.crushed【答案】A【

29、解析】考查动词辨析。crash“损毁，坠毁”；smash“粉碎，使破产”；clash“发出撞击声，碰撞”；crush“压坏，损坏”。句意：飞机在山区坠毁了。A项符合题意。5. 单选题If you had done it as you（ ）,you would have succeeded.问题1选项A.were toldB.would be toldC.had been toldD.were told to【答案】D【解析】考查语法。原句应为“as you were told to (do)”前半句出现了同样的动词，后半句可以省略to do中的do，但to不能省。故D项正确。句意：如果按照别人

30、告诉你的那样做的话，你早就成功了。6. 单选题He failed to（ ）himself to the new environment.问题1选项A.adoptB.adaptC.attachD.abduct【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。adopt“采用，收养”；adapt“适应”；attach“使联系，使依附”；abduct“绑架，诱拐”。句意：他不能适应新环境。B项符合题意。7. 单选题In recent years there has been much talk of a “renaissance” in American manufacturing. A few things se

31、emed to be on the side of the makers. For instance, until recently the dollar was weak, American wages were stagnant, but those in China were booming. Cheap shale oil and gas gave factories a boost. But as we argued recently, talking of a renaissance is overblown. And few figure, released today, add

32、 to the mounting pile of evidence saying that manufacturing growth is starting to slow.We argued before that although there has been a recovery in American manufacturing in recent years, it is not a sustainable one. Employment in the sector is still lower than before the crash. So is one important m

33、easure of output: real value added. In short, America has not got better at producing stuff.Also, much of the recovery in American manufacturing seems to be based on a cyclical boom in “durable” goodsthings that you expect to last a long time, like cars and fridges. During the recession, orders for

34、durable goods plunged. Thats because it is quite easy to put off such purchases. By contrast, it is more difficult to put off purchases of non-durable goods, like medicines, because people tend to consume them more frequently.After the recession, production of durable goods soared. Cheap credit, for

35、 instance, spurred demand for new motors and rapid growth in car-making. That sector accounted for over a third of the durable growth from 2009 to 2013. Yet a recovery based on a few durable industries is unsustainable. This is because when pent-up demand is satisfied, a few big industries will suff

36、er. Overall output is likely to stall.New data confirm this prediction. Orders for durable goods fell by 1.4% in February. Motor-vehicle orders fell by 0.5%. It is possible that the recent bad weather has had an effect here. But it may be a sign of something more troubling. As economists at Capital

37、Economics, a consultancy, argue, “the more general malaise started back in the autumn of last year. Indeed, core orders have now fallen in every month since last October.”In recent months, non-durable goods have also fallen quite rapidly. What explains all this? The obvious culprit is the strong dol

38、lar. Because it makes manufacturing exports (which account for roughly half of Americas total) more expensive. Alternatively, it may be because consumers are starting to pull back on spending. In January, consumer credit grew at the slowest pace in over a year, according to recent data from the Fede

39、ral Reserve. In recent months consumer confidence has dropped a bit. And companies may not be so confident, either, and are thus not in the mood to add to capital stock, says Steven Ricchiuto of Mizuho Securities, an investment bank. This does not bode well for American manufacturing or, indeed, for

40、 economic growth overall.1.What does the author say about the recovery in American manufacturing?2.In what sense “durable” goods cannot boost sustainable economic growth?3.How can we understand the remarks of economists at Capital Economics?4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?5.Whats the aut

41、hors attitude towards the outlook of America manufacturing?问题1选项A.It may be put to an end soon.B.It is merely an illusion.C.It is a bounce before breakdown.D.It lacks essential support.问题2选项A.They are not fast-consumed daily necessities.B.They tend to be influenced by banking policy.C.Orders for the

42、m are easily to be cancelled.D.Industries of them may be less sustainable.问题3选项A.Orders for durable goods are affected by bad weather indeed.B.Decrease of orders for durable goods is caused by disease spread.C.Slump of durable goods industries started earlier than thought.D.The new data may not have

43、 revealed the reality of the industries.问题4选项A.The strong dollar makes American products less attractive.B.Consumers are not willing to spend more on durable goods.C.Companies dare not accept the capital investment from banks.D.The conditions of general economic growth are not present.问题5选项A.Quite c

44、onfident.B.Fairly anxious.C.A bit confused.D.Very pessimistic.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。第二段“We argued before that although there has been a recovery in American manufacturing in recent years, it is not a sustainable one. 我们之前认为，尽管美国制造业近年来出现了复苏，但这不是可持续的。”可知美国制造业的复苏可能会很快结束。故A项正确。2.推理判断题

45、。由第四段“Yet a recovery based on a few durable industries is unsustainable. This is because when pent-up demand is satisfied, a few big industries will suffer. Overall output is likely to stall. 然而，建立在少数可持续产业基础上的复苏是不可持续的。这是因为，当被压抑的需求得到满足时，一些大型行业将会遭殃。总产出可能会停滞。”3.推理判断题。由第五段“As economists at Capital Econo

46、mics, a consultancy, argue, the more general malaise started back in the autumn of last year. Indeed, core orders have now fallen in every month since last October. 正如咨询公司Capital Economics的经济学家所言，更大范围的低靡从去年秋天开始。事实上，自去年10月以来，核心订单逐月下降。”可知耐用产品产业的衰落比想象中要开始得早。故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由最后一段“The obvious culprit is th

47、e strong dollar. Because it makes manufacturing exports (which account for roughly half of Americas total) more expensive.罪魁祸首显然是美元走强。因为它使得制造业出口（约占美国出口总额的一半）更加昂贵。”可知A项“强势美元降低了美国产品的吸引力”正确。5.观点态度题。由最后一段“This does not bode well for American manufacturing or, indeed, for economic growth overall. 这对美国制造业

48、，甚至整个经济增长来说都不是好兆头。”可知作者对美国制造业的态度是非常担忧的。故B项正确。8. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to hav

49、e a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well- mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaig

50、n, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good- tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way

51、towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers

52、nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be

53、clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the part of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead

54、 bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams once at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let a

55、lone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-owner-ship explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily c

56、aused by（ ）.2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rule.”(Para l)implies that（ ）.3. By “good sense”(Line 1, Para 2), the writer means（ ）.4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, （ ）.5. In the writers opinion（ ）.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards t

57、he road-hogB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of

58、 motorists问题3选项A.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC.the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drive

59、rs should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drive

60、rs should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1. 细节事实题。文章第一句指出“It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life（把问题归咎于交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏是很好的）”，但后面有一个转折词but引出重要的原因，“but manners on the roads are becoming horrible（但道路上的礼节问题正变得恐怖）”。因此C项“司机的行为

61、”正确。2. 判断推理题。根据题干可定位至第一段“You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well- mannered motorist is the exception to the rule（你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机，但现今彬彬有礼的司机却实属罕见）”，由此推断，D项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。3. 语义题。由题干定位至第二段第一句“Road politeness is not only good manners, but good s

62、ense too（道路上的礼节不仅仅是礼貌，也是一种良好的意识）”。后面具体说到“It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic conditions（只有头脑冷静、脾气温和的司机在遇到不文明的行为时，才能抵制进行报复的诱惑。另一方面，礼貌可以缓和开车时的紧张气氛。接着，又具体地说明对别人礼貌的行为，如友好地点头或摆手示意有利于创造出一种友好和宽容的

63、氛围）”。因此，“good sense”指司机不仅自己礼貌，而且对别人的礼貌做出反应，故选A项“司机的正确理解能力和理智地做出反应的能力”。4. 细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位至最后一段“Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give and take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart（几年前，专家警告我们，汽车拥有量的突增要求所

64、有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们大家把这一信息牢记在心的时候了）”。因此B项“司机们应该准备好互相谦让”正确。5. 判断推理题。文章第三段指出“However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous（然而，不适当的道路理解可能是危险的）”。紧接着作者举了一些例子来说明。也就是说，司机们不仅要注意道路上的礼节问题，还要注意礼貌行为是否适时适当。否则可能反而会有危险的后果。因此，B项“司机的礼貌行为应当适当”正确。9. 单选题The most important divide in America today is class, not race, and the place where i