2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库及模拟押密卷48（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Motorcyclists should wear helmets to（ ）them from injury.问题1选项A.saveB.shieldC.shelterD.defend【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。save意为“使免于受到的损伤”；shield指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害；shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害。题中是指运用头盔这种工具躲避伤害。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题（ ）there was not a soul around excep

2、t some cars passing occasionally.问题1选项A.Over nightB.At duskC.In the dead of nightD.Fortnight【答案】C【解析】词组短语辨析。over night “过夜”；at dusk “傍晚；黄昏时刻”；in the dead of night “夜深人静之时”；fortnight “两星期”。句意：夜深人静时，除了有几辆车偶尔经过外，没有几个行人。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _ girls in school was probably

3、 the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.问题1选项A.enrollingB.assigningC.involvingD.consenting【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。enroll “登记，注册”；assign “分配，指派”；involve “涉及”；consent “允许，赞成”。句意：1994年世界银行的报告总结道，学校注册招收女孩可能在现今的发展中国家中是对抗贫困最有效的政策。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Christmas is a Christian holy day

4、 usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.in terms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of【答案】D【解析】介词词组辨析。in accordance with “根据”；in terms of “就而言”；in favor of “喜欢”；in honor of “纪念；招待”。句意：12月25日圣诞节是基督教的一个神圣的日子，为了纪念耶稣的出生。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题The discussion was so prolo

5、nged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。at large “整个地”；at intervals “不时”；at ease “不紧张”；at random“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。6. 翻译题The bodies who play major professional sports have changed dr

6、amatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.【答案】这些年来，从事主要职业运动的选手们身高发生了巨大的变化，所以经理们很愿意调整队服，使其能够适合越来越多大体型的人。7. 单选题What makes basketball the most （ ）of sports is how these styles do not necessarily clash.

7、问题1选项A.aspiringB.intriguingC.conspiringD.famous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。aspiring “有抱负的”；intriguing “有趣的”；conspiring “协力的”；famous “著名的”。句意：篮球成为最有趣的运动的原因是这些风格不会冲突。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fa

8、ct. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face

9、is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where bab

10、ies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation

11、in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner”.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact

12、with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise

13、 moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow beco

14、mes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1.The author is convinced that the eyes are_ .2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person_ .3.According to the passage, the Japa

15、nese fix their gaze on their conversation partners neck because_.4.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to_.5.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants_.问题1选项A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging id

16、easB.something through which one can see a persons inner worldC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the

17、sideD.whose face is free of any covering问题3选项A.they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they need not communicate through eye contactC.they dont think it polite to have eye contactD.they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood问题4选项A.one tempora

18、rily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题5选项A.not to wear dark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable pauses【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:

19、D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.”，说明作者认为眼睛在人与人之间的交往中是相当重要的。选项A符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile.”，说明被遮住眼睛的脸以及侧脸不会使婴儿发笑

20、。选项C符合题意。 3.推断题。根据文章第一段，“infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures.”，在日本，婴儿对眼睛的依恋不像其他国家那样强烈，说明因为在婴儿时期不会有太多机会接触眼神交流。选项D符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第二段，“if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause”，说明美国人在交谈时，一定要看着讲话人，不然对方就会以为你

21、对谈话不感兴趣而暂停下来。选项C符合题意。 5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses”，说明谈话时戴深色眼睛会带来一系列不好的影响。选项A符合题意。 9. 单选题Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so _, she was sur

22、prised that her _ were recognized.问题1选项A.laudatory. stylesB.obvious. anecdotesC.oblique. allusionsD.critical. eulogies【答案】C【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析。laudatory “赞美的”；obvious “明显的”；oblique “不光明正大的”；critical “批判的”。style “风格”；anecdote “轶事，奇闻”；allusion “暗示，提及”；eulogy “悼词，颂词”。句意：作者间接地指出了她的朋友们的不当之处，但是使她惊讶的是，这种暗示得到了大家

23、的认可。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. Its Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Marylands laws against secret telephone taping. Its our bank

24、s, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.As an e

25、xample of whats going on, consider U. S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names，phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, S

26、ocial Security numbers, account balances and credit limits.With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “free trial offer” had 30 days to cancel. If the deadlin

27、e passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U. S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didnt know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to

28、think the answer was no.The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U. S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few t

29、op banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.You h

30、ave almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience” informationmainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. Theyve generally agreed no

31、t to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesnt work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?Take U. S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “all personal information you supply to us will be considered c

32、onfidential”. Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that it doesnt “sell” your data at all. It merely “shares” it and reaps a profit. Now you know.1.Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on peoples privacy（ ）.2.We know from the passage that（ ）.3.When the “fre

33、e trial” deadline is over, youll be charged without notice for a product or service if（ ）.4.Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because_（ ）_.5.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.is practiced exclusively by the FBIB.is more prevalent in business

34、 circlesC.has been intensified with the help of the IRSD.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping问题2选项A.the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private informationB.most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businessesC.legislators are a

35、cting to pass a law to provide better privacy protectionD.lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers buying habits问题3选项A.you happen to reveal your credit card numberB.you fail to cancel it within the specified periodC.you fail to apply for extension of the dea

36、dlineD.you find the product or service unsatisfactory问题4选项A.it is considered “transaction and experience” information unprotected by lawB.it has always been considered an open secret by the general publicC.its sale can be brought under control through self-regulationD.its revelation will do no harm

37、to consumers under the current protection policy问题5选项A.banks will have to change their ways of doing businessB.“free trial” practice will eventually be bannedC.privacy protection laws will soon be enforcedD.consumers, privacy will continue to be invaded【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一

38、段，“But the private sector outdoes the government every time.”，私营企业比政府监视得更多，根据最后一句， “It s our banks.pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.”，说明银行将我们的私人财务数据给了电话销售公司。选项B符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at wil

39、l.”，说明立法者倾向于让商业人士随意跟踪我们的财务习惯。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically”，说明有30天的取消期限，超过期限会自动收费。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第八段，“You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit.”，企业用你的私人账户获利，但是你得不到任何保护，“no

40、federal law shields transaction and experience information” 说明私人账户被认为是不受法律保护的，选项B符合题意。 5.推断题。根据文章第八段，说明没有法律对消费者的隐私给予保护，所以消费者的利益会继续被侵犯。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to _ wonderful bargains in the market.问题1选项A.pick upB.bump intoC.pile upD.bring back

41、【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。pick up“买到，获得”；bump into “无意中遇到，碰到”；pile up “积累，堆放起来”；bring back “拿回来”。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物，因为他们期待买到市场上物美价廉的便宜货。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies （雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士）”. They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse m

42、arket segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and children s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics （健身操）or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual

43、shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers.Still, despite its emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket （高档消费人群）retailing network that helped push sales to $ 1 billion annually, ahead of

44、 all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $ 27 to $ 85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.In the p

45、ast few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it

46、already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present, Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness

47、-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike m

48、isjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.1.One reason why Reeboks managerial personnel dont like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that_.2.Reebok s view that “ consumers judge the quality of t

49、he brand by the quality of its distribution” (Line 5，Para. 2) implies that_.3.Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because_ .4.Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it_.5.What lesson has Reebok learned from Nikes distribution problems?问题1选项A.

50、they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groupsB.new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoesC.“yuppies” usually evokes a negative imageD.the term makes people think of prohibitive prices问题2选项A.the quality of a brand is measured by the service quali

51、ty of the store selling itB.the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributorsC.the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell itD.consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by high-quality stores问题3选项A.its supply of products fell short of demandB.too

52、many distributors would cut into its profitsC.the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the marketD.it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products问题4选项A.does not want to further expand its retailing networkB.still limits the number of shoes supplied to storesC.is still part

53、icular about who sells its productsD.still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products问题5选项A.A company should not sell its high quality shoes in discount stores.B.A company should not limit its distribution network.C.A company should do follow-up surveys of its products.D.A company should co

54、rrectly evaluate the impact of a new craze on the market.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers.”，他们认为锐步的鞋子是多样的，适合不同的客户群，受到不同年龄阶段的欢迎。选项A符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and d

55、epartment stores”，说明锐步鞋只在专卖店、体育用品、百货商店销售，他们认为销售网点的档次影响了消费者对产品质量的判断。选项D符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第三段，“At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply”，锐步的产品有时候会出乎预料的供不应求，公司无法满足经销商的订单，所以限制营销商的数量。选项A符合题意。 4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still

56、 selective about its distributors.”，可知虽然供不应求的问题解决了，但是锐步还是对经销商是有选择性的。选项C符合题意。 5.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“Through product diversification and careful market researchNike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.”，说明耐克错误地判

57、断了健美鞋的热度，大量打折出售，是一种对市场行情判断不准的表现，所以锐步认为公司应该正确预测市场新热潮。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement o

58、f aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are together the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-

59、railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds，catarrhs （黏膜炎）and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed wou

60、ld do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy （中风）. Thesudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group

61、 was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test

62、 of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few modes except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they h