2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第123期

《2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第123期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第123期（50页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-

2、day flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is fighting hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. It is succeeding in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but not in new territ

3、ories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of forei

4、gn currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear

5、of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners. More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in p

6、artnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile. Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to th

7、e Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar arc generally clean and unspoilt and have a high sta

8、ndard of services. But the trump card is the Andes mountain range.There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist, visitors, including moun

9、taineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers. However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and part poor quality of roads in

10、the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks. Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes t

11、o the US and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent. Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas

12、 where the Government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Green peace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed.The

13、re is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts. The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists

14、there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balance

15、d, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.1.Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by（ ） .2.More than half of Chiles tourists come from（ ） .3.According to the author, Chiles great

16、est attraction is（ ） .4.According to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already under way?5.According to the article, in Chile, the services of airlines to Asia are（ ） .问题1选项A.geographical locationB.guerrilla warfareC.political instabilityD.street crime问题2选项A.USAB.the Far EastC.western Europe

17、D.Argentina问题3选项A.the unspoilt beachesB.the dry and hot desertC.the famous mountain rangeD.the high standard of services问题4选项A.Facilities in the ski resorts.B.Domestic transport system.C.Air services to Asia.D.Road network in the south.问题5选项A.only a small number of routesB.almost non-existentC.as ma

18、ny as in EuropeD.the largest amount【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利在推销旅游业时不足之处是”。文章第一段提到“智利在推销自己是一个好的旅游去处所面对的困难是因为它处在地球的最边缘”（The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth），由此可知是因为它的地理位置导致旅游业

19、发展不好，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利一半以上的游客来自哪里”。文章第一段最后一句提到超过50%的游客来自阿根廷（More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher），选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，智利最大的景点是”。文章第二段最后一句提到王牌是安第斯山脉（But the trump card is the Andes mountain range），选项

20、C符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，哪方面的改革已经在进行”。文章第三段提到“国内的交通正在改善，豪华酒店正在其中一个国家公园内兴建”（Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks），由此可知，正在进行改革的是国内的交通系统，选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可得知，智利通往亚洲的航线服务”。文章第三段提到飞往亚洲的航线几乎不存在（While Chiles two largest airlin

21、es have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the US and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent），因此选项B符合题意。2. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒

22、，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和歌唱;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。战士是永远追求光明的。他并不躺在暗夜下享受阳光，却在暗夜里燃起火炬， 给人们照亮道路，使他们走向黎明。驱散黑暗，这是战士的任务。他并不躲避黑暗， 却要而对黑暗，跟躲藏在明影里的魑魅魍魉搏斗。他要消灭它们而取得光明。战士是不知道妥协的。他得不到光明便不会停止战斗。【答案】The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor. Therefore, all human being

23、s are strongly dependent on it. Especially in the countryside, people have been living in the same way for thousands of years, growing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding and planting flower, going to church for preying on weekends, playing musical instrum

24、ents, dancing and singing on squares at holiday. The past countryside is still their warm homes. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go down.A fighter is always in pursuit of light. Instead enjoying the sunshine, he lit a torch in the dark to light the way for the people and le

25、ad them to the dawn. It is the task of a warrior to dispel darkness. He did not shun the darkness, but fought against it, and against the hidden demons and monsters in its shadows. He will destroy them and gain light. A soldier never compromise. He wont stop fighting until gets light.3. 单选题In commun

26、ities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. “Were worried about our teachers and principals, and we really dont want to lose them because of this,” one parent

27、 said. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will.Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent（有偿付能力的）They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize its impossible for them to solve this problem.The 22.000-studcnt district discovered the

28、shortage last month, “Its extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing up a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll（工资单）to be met for 2,70

29、0 teachers and staff in time for the holidays.District officials also took$ 1.7 million from student-activity accounts in its 38 schools.At Coffmans request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the districts finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget

30、shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.In Frederick, students parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.Some $36,000 has been raised in

31、 donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the districts $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.“We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds.

32、 “We have children in the school, and we see how they could be affected.”At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum（论坛）.“Rumors about whats happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.” said a student. “

33、We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”1.What has happened to the Vrain School District?2.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?3.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is（ ）.4.Why did Coffman req

34、uest an investigation?5.Three high School students started a website in order to（ ）.问题1选项A.A huge financial problem has arisen.B.Many schools there are mismanaged.C.Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.D.Many administrative personnel have been laid off问题2选项A.They felt somewhat helpl

35、ess about it.B.They accused those responsible for it.C.They pooled their efforts to help solve it.D.They demanded a thorough investigation.问题3选项A.unavoidableB.unthinkableC.insolvableD.irreversible问题4选项A.To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.B.To find out the extent of the conseque

36、nces of the case.C.To make sure that the school principals were innocent.D.To stop the voters approving the $212 million bond issue.问题5选项A.attract greater public attention to their needsB.appeal to the public for contributions and donationsC.expose officials who neglected their dutiesD.keep people p

37、roperly informed of the crisis【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Vrain学区发生的事情是”。文章第一段提到“Vrain学区试图去解决因管理不当导致的1380万美金的预算短缺”（In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget short

38、age blamed on mismanagement），因此选项A“一个巨大的财政问题”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“Vrain校区的居民应对预算短缺的方式是”。文章第一段提到当地居民正在帮助老师和管理人员（residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators），选项C“帮助一起解决问题”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在财政部长迈克卡夫麦看来，教育预算短缺是”。文章第三段中“这太不寻常了。没有人想到会发生这样的事情”(Its extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined

39、 something happening like this at this level)，因此选项B“不能想象的”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么卡夫麦要求进行调查”。文章第六段提到“他想知道是否地方官员将预算短缺隐瞒”（he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage），因此选项A“想弄清是否对财政问题进行了掩盖”符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“三名高中生建立了一个网站来”。文章最后一段提到“谣言以光速扩散”“我们想知道真相，并把它公之于众”（“Rumors about whats ha

40、ppening to the district are moving at lighting speed.” said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”），选项D“让人们知道危机”符合题意。4. 单选题I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive

41、 to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques t

42、o visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensib

43、ly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up (anonymously) at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at

44、any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing, the more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are

45、 on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to knit at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red faced figure, instantly obtains it from them. The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offer

46、s one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in their ways. For example, our shoemaker is a formidable fi

47、gure: a thick set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time. He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, tha

48、t he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them. And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.1.The writer considered the old country guide interesting because he found in it（ ）.2.The local grocers s

49、hop is expanding even though（ ）.3.The writer implies that one disadvantage of town shops is that（ ）.4.The writer appreciates the village shop because（ ）.5.What is the village shoemakers reaction to mass produced shoes?问题1选项A.the names of so many of the shops in the village aroundB.the many people se

50、lling to, and doing jobs for, residents in local villages at the time it appearedC.the variety of shops and services available in Victorian days in BritainD.information about all the jobs there were in his own and surrounding villages at the time it appeared问题2选项A.women spend a lot of their time the

51、re just gossipingB.town shops are larger and rather cheaperC.people like to shop where they are less well knownD.people get personal service in his shop问题3选项A.their prices are higherB.people cannot telephone themC.their staff may take less trouble to satisfy customersD.one has to queue up in them问题4

52、选项A.he welcomes competition with organized businessB.he likes the idea that a humble person can be successfulC.this is a case of individual success in a world of increasingD.he welcomes an example of private enterprise surviving in an age of giant companies问题5选项A.He considers they are not worth the

53、effort of mending properly.B.He is angry with the customers for bringing to such rubbish.C.He despises their quality.D.He feels exasperated because people waste their money on inferior shoes.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为这本陈旧的乡下导游手册有趣，是因为他在那里发现了”。文章第一段提到这个导游手册列出了我所在地区每个村庄的每个商人，令

54、人印象深刻的是，在维多利亚晚期的乡村，人们在家门口就可以得到各种各样的服务，由此可知选项B“很多人向当地乡下的居民销售商品或者提供服务”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当地杂货商的店铺正在扩张，尽管”。文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管有最近城镇的超市竞争，我们当地的杂货店实际在扩张”（Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town），城镇商店的竞争力主要体现在规模大，东西便宜，选项B符合题意。

55、3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示城镇商店的劣势之一是”。文章第四段“乡下商人卖的商品的价格或许比城镇的高，但他们将在任何时间送任何商品，超市的助手不会想到在他们午饭的时间骑自行车去为一个靠养老金生活的老人送一块奶酪” （His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to ta

56、ke a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner），选项C“城镇商店店员不会花太多功夫去满足顾客”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者欣赏乡下商店的原因是”。文章第四段最后一句“但我觉得它令人满意，因为乡村商店提供了为数不多的几种方式之一，一个谦虚的个人主义者仍然能在这个世界存活，而不必依附于工商业的大阵营”（But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can sti

57、ll get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce），选项B“他喜欢谦逊的人能成功的概念”符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“乡村鞋匠对批量生产的鞋子的反应是”。文章最后一段提到乡村鞋匠带着蔑视的眼光去看那些批量生产的鞋子（He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come

58、 to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash?），选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished spoiling habits are under way. Whether its one of Londons parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby,

59、or the Super bowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our spoiling culture.That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the Frenc

60、h is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift

61、 toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that. This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolu

62、tion we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, blit made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.The skillful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports

63、will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical. Willi scats at US $125, gate receipts along were a staggering $10,000,000. Th

64、e most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minutc halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any