2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第13期

《2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第13期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第13期（55页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和歌唱;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。战士是永远追求光明的。他并不躺在暗夜下享受阳光，却在暗夜里燃起火炬， 给人们照亮道路，使他们走向黎明。驱散黑暗，

2、这是战士的任务。他并不躲避黑暗， 却要而对黑暗，跟躲藏在明影里的魑魅魍魉搏斗。他要消灭它们而取得光明。战士是不知道妥协的。他得不到光明便不会停止战斗。【答案】The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor. Therefore, all human beings are strongly dependent on it. Especially in the countryside, people have been living in the same way for thousands of years, growing cro

3、ps and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding and planting flower, going to church for preying on weekends, playing musical instruments, dancing and singing on squares at holiday. The past countryside is still their warm homes. Each place boasts its folklore and thereb

4、y social customs go down.A fighter is always in pursuit of light. Instead enjoying the sunshine, he lit a torch in the dark to light the way for the people and lead them to the dawn. It is the task of a warrior to dispel darkness. He did not shun the darkness, but fought against it, and against the

5、hidden demons and monsters in its shadows. He will destroy them and gain light. A soldier never compromise. He wont stop fighting until gets light.2. 单选题The first thing people remember about failing at math is that it felt like sudden death. Whether the incident occurred while learning “word problem

6、s” in six grade, or coping with equations in high school, or first confronting calculus and statistics in college, failure came suddenly and in a very frightening way! If assume that the curriculum was reasonable, and that the new idea was but next in a series of learnable concepts, the feeling of u

7、tter defeat was simply not rational; yet “math anxious” college students and adults have revealed that no matter how much the teacher reassured them, they could not overcome that feeling.A common myth about the nature of mathematical ability holds that one either has or does not have a mathematical

8、mind. Mathematical imagination and an intuitive grasp of mathematical principles may well be needed to do advanced research, but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well? Rates of learning may vary. Competency under time pressure

9、may differ. Certainly low self-esteem will get in the way. But where is the evidence that a student needs a “mathematical mind” in order to succeed at learning math?Consider the effects of this mythology. Since only a few people are supposed to have this mathematical mind, part of what makes us so p

10、assive in the face of our difficulties in learning mathematics is that we suspect all the while we may not be one of “them”, and we spend our time waiting to find out when our non-mathematical minds will be exposed. Since our limit will eventually be reached, we see no point in being methodical of i

11、n attending to detail. We are grateful when we survive fractions-word problems or geometry. If that certain moment of failure hasnt struck yet, it is only temporarily postponed.Parents, especially parents of girls, often expect their children to be non-mathematical. Parents are either poor at math o

12、r they failed themselves. In either case, they unwillingly foster the idea that a mathematical mind is something one either has or does not have.1.According to the passage, who are likely to experience math anxiety?2.How would “math anxious” students probably react to their failure at math?3.Which o

13、f the following statements is true about “math anxious” students?4.The author believes that（ ）.5.The passage could best be entitled by（ ）.问题1选项A.Primary school students.B.High school students.C.College students.D.All of the above.问题2选项A.Slow down their lessons.B.Ask more questions than necessary.C.G

14、o to the teacher for reassuranceD.Panic and accept the defeat.问题3选项A.They realize that the feeling of utter defeat is irrational.B.They assume that the curriculum is not reasonable.C.They feel the new ideas are too difficult for them to learn.D.They regard the new ideas as only something to be encou

15、ntered next in a series of learnable concepts.问题4选项A.a person either has or does not have a mathematical mindB.a student needs a mathematical mind to succeed at learning college level mathC.people doing advanced research in math usually have what is called a “mathematical mind”D.parents who are poor

16、 at math themselves are more likely to expect their children to be non-mathematical问题5选项A.Math AnxietyB.Overcoming Math AnxietyC.Failing the Math ExamD.Math Anxious Students【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容，有可能遭受焦虑的人是”。文章第一段提到“不论这样的情况出现在六年级，或者在应对数学方程式的中，或者第一次面对微积分与统计学的大学”（Whether

17、 the incident occurred while learning “word problems” in six grade, or coping with equations in high school, or first confronting calculus and statistics in college, failure came suddenly and in a very frightening way!），由此可知，各个学习阶段都会碰上数学难题，选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“遭遇数学焦虑的学生对自己数学不及格的可能反应是”。文章第一段提到“彻底失败的

18、感觉是不理智的；然后数学焦虑的大学生和成年人发现，无论老师怎么安慰他们，他们都无法克服这种感觉”（the feeling of utter defeat was simply not rational; yet “math anxious” college students and adults have revealed that no matter how much the teacher reassured them, they could not overcome that feeling），选项D“恐慌并接受失败”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“关于数学焦虑的学生，一下说法正确

19、的是”。文章第二段提到“但是为什么那些能做其他学科的大学水平作业的人却不能做大学水平的数学题呢？”（but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well?），选项C“他们感觉自己很难学习新内容”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为”。文章最后一段提到“他们不愿意树立这样一个观念，即有的人有数学头脑，有的人没有”（they unwillingly foster the idea that a mathematic

20、al mind is something one either has or does not have），因此选项A符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“本文最恰当的标题是”。全文讲的都是跟数学焦虑（math anxiety）相关的内容，因此选项A符合题意。3. 单选题During the 1992 presidential campaign a new media star emerged-Virginia Kelley, the mother of candidate Clinton, who died of breast cancer this past January. It was

21、 she who created the Clinton lore; throughout the campaign she told how 14-year-old Bill had stood up to his drunken, abusive stepfather one night to protect Virginia and his little brother. She also told with great effective how young Clinton had come back home with stars in his eyes after meeting

22、JFK at Boys Nation in Washington. She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service. She also created her own lore-four husbands, an up-and-down nursing career, and her passion for makeup (she even wore it to bed in case she got a call from the hospital in the middle of the night). She s

23、imply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense.Now these oft-told are told again in Leading With My Heart, by Virginia Kelley with James Morgan.Not surprisingly, the stories feel familiar here, especially since the book arrives just a few months after a batter of obituaries of Mrs. K

24、elley. But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic. Written in a prosaic, colorless style, this doesnt sound the way we imagine Mrs. Kelley talked. There are no Southern locutions, and the grammar is impeccable. Where are the spicy stories or

25、the occasional “damn” or “hell”？Coke-bottle glasses: Anyone approaching this celebrity book with an eye for gossip will also be disappointed. What feels fresh, though, is Mrs. Kelleys descriptions of her shock at meeting Hillary Rodham when Bill brought her home from Yale Law School. The young woman

26、 wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated. She was also a blunt Yankee, and not adept at Southern blarney. “There was almost a kind of cultural tension between Mother and Hillary.” said Clinton. “I guess thats as good

27、a way to put it as any.” replies his mother. But there was no going back: “I want you to pray for me. Pray that its I Hilary. Because Ill tell you this: for me its Hillary or its nobody,” he told his unhappy mother. “I couldnt stand it，” she writes. “Here was this woman 1 didnt understand, didnt fee

28、l comfortable with. And she was all he wanted.”Theres a lot thats moving about Mrs. Kelleys story, partly because of the way she handles her final illness. “You cant tell my sons about my condition,” she tells her shocked doctor. She may have had a disaffected mother and a parade of mostly bad marri

29、ages. But in the last year of her life, she also had a memory granted to few parents-the thrill of attending her sons Inauguration and the gala that night. “What a night it had been” she wrote. -a magical evening.”1.Virginia Kelly might be best characterized as（ ）.2.Virginia Kelly believed her son w

30、as motivated to go into public service by his （ ）.3.The “book arrives just a few months after a battery of obituaries The underlined words suggest that-Kelleys death was（ ）.4.According to the reviewer, the style of Leading With My Hear is（ ）.5.Hillary differed from Clintons former dates primarily in

31、（ ）.问题1选项A.genuineB.moroseC.pitiableD.elitist问题2选项A.difficult childhoodB.meeting with President KennedyC.law studies at YaleD.desire to change the world问题3选项A.honored with artillery fireB.mourned nationwideC.marked by numerous death noticesD.ignored by the press问题4选项A.vivid and interestingB.refined

32、but southernC.monotonous and blandD.earthy but incredible问题5选项A.being educated as a lawyerB.wearing stylish glassesC.being indifferent to her appearanceD.being a direct northerner【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Virginia Kelley的性格能被最好地定义为”。文章第一段最后一句提到“她的坦率和不装腔作势赢得了大众的信任”（She simply won

33、 the public over with her candor and lack of pretense），因此选项A“真诚的”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“Kelley认为她的儿子是受他的激励而加入公共事务”。文章第一段第二至第四句提到了克林顿勇敢面对他醉酒并虐待他们的继父，Kelley在认识克林顿之后认为他会从事公共事务（She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service），由此可推测克林顿是想改变世界，因此选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“这里划线的句子（书是在她的一连串的讣告登出几个月之后才出版

34、的）暗示凯丽夫人的逝世”。由这里的“book arrives just a few months”（几个月后），说明出版社忽视了凯丽夫人的死。选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“评论员认为Leading With My Hear的风格是”。文章第二段第三句提到“但是这本书有个问题：由于是合著回忆录，所以感觉不真实”（But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic），因此选项D“朴实但不可信”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“希拉里

35、跟克林顿先前的约会对象的主要区别在于”。文章第三段提到“这位年轻女士戴着可乐瓶眼睛，没有化妆，发型完美一点也不像克林顿经常约会的迪克西美女女王们”（The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated），因此选项C“不注重外表”符合题意。4. 单选题The forest from which Man takes his timber is the tallest and m

36、ost impressive plant community on Earth. In terms of Mans brief life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to forester it represents the climax of a long succession of events. No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all lime. Plant

37、s have minimum requirements of temperature and moisture and, in ages past, virtually every part of Earths surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a fascinating sequence of changes occurs, c

38、alled a primary succession.First to colonize the barren land are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris accumulates, and mosses establish a shallow root hold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, g

39、radually from a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first tress. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination-closing their ranks and forming a climax communit

40、y which may endure for thousands of years.Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for pasture or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a secondary succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable

41、 soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and lodged in the coats of mammals. For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast machine, storing energy and many elements essential for life.1.What does the forest strike mankind as permane

42、nt?2.What has sometimes caused plants to die out of the past?3.In a “primary succession”，what makes it possible for mosses to take root?4.What conditions are needed for shrubs to become established?5.Why is a “secondary succession” quicker?问题1选项A.The trees are in community.B.The forest is renewed ea

43、ch season.C.Mans life is short in comparison.D.It is an essential part of our lives.问题2选项A.Interference from foresters.B.Variations in climate.C.The absence of wooded land.D.The introduction of new type of plants.问题3选项A.The type of rock.B.The amount of sunlight.C.The amount of moisture.D.The effect

44、of lichens.问题4选项A.Ferns must take root.B.The ground must be covered with grass.C.More soil must accumulate.D.Smaller plants must die out.问题5选项A.The ground is more suitable.B.There is more space new plants.C.Birds and animals bring new seeds.D.It is supported by the forest.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题

45、:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“对于人类来说，森林的永恒之处在于”。文章第一段第二句提到“对于人类短暂的生命来说，森林似乎是永恒不变的”（In terms of Mans brief life it appears permanent and unchanging），因此选项C“相比之下，人类生命很短暂”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“以前有时导致植物灭绝的因素是什么”。文章第一段提到“在过去，地球表面每个部分都曾因为太干或者太冷而使植物无法生存”（in ages past, virtually every part of Earths surface has at some t

46、ime been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive），由此可知气候原因导致某些植物灭绝，选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在初级演替中，什么是苔藓生长成为可能”。文章第二段第一二句提到“首先在贫瘠土地上生长的是地衣，它们生长在光秃秃的岩石上。慢慢地，这些微生物产生的酸性物质破坏了岩石的表面，植物碎屑堆集，苔藓会建立一个很浅的根系”（First to colonize the barren land are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the aci

47、ds produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris accumulates, and mosses establish a shallow root hold），由此可知是因为有地衣，才有苔藓成长的可能。选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“灌木稳固生长需要什么条件”。文章第二段第三句提到“紧接着可能出现的是蕨类植物，短草和灌木逐渐从植物覆盖的土壤中开始生长”（Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually from a cov

48、ering of plant life），蕨类生长的前提是苔藓形成的土壤层，因此可知灌木要生长需要累积更多的土壤，选项C符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“第二次演替较快的原因是”。文章最后一段提到“如果这篇土地被废气了，就会发生第二次演替，在更适合生长的土壤将发展得更快”（If the land is then abandoned, a secondary succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil），因此选项A符合题意。5. 单选题It was the worst traged

49、y in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired to from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II，more than 10,000 people-mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Na

50、zi Germany-were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that seat hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go clown. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in water who had the strength to try t

51、o claw way aboard. Most people froze immediately. “Ill never forget the screams.” says Christa Ntilzinann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave-and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germany

52、s Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children-with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year; doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who surv

53、ives the catastrophe only to say later. “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly the Woche:“Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant,

54、 we didnt have the energy left lo tell of our own sufferings.The long silence the sinking of the Wilhelm Guslloff was probably unavoidable-and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize t

55、he neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long troubled history, for that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even

56、the most politically correct Germans believe that theyve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.1.Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst trage

57、dy in maritime history?2.Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when（ ）.3.The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about far more than half a century because Germans（ ）.4.How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy?5.It can be learned from the passage that German

58、s no longer think that（ ）.问题1选项A.It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.B.Most of its passengers were frozen to death.C.Its victims were mostly women and children.D.It caused the largest number of casualties.问题2选项A.a strong ice storm tilted shipB.the cruise ship sank all of a suddenC.the badly damaged

59、 ship leaned toward one sideD.the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats问题3选项A.were eager to win international acceptanceB.felt guilty for their crimes in World War C.had been pressured to keep silent about itD.were afraid of offending their neighbors问题4选项A.By presenting the horrible

60、 scene of the torpedo attack.B.By describing the ships sinking in great detail.C.By giving an interview to the weekly the Woche.D.By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.问题5选项A.they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm GustlofF tragedyB.the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a r

61、easonable price to pay for the nations past misdeedsC.Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War IID.it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第一句提到“这是航海史上最大的悲剧，死亡人数是泰坦尼克号的六倍”（It was the worst trage

62、dy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic），选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第一段第三句话提到“一场暴风雪将甲板变成了冰封的床单，当船倾斜时，成百上千的家庭滑入了大海”（An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that seat hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go clown），选项C“严重损坏的船倾斜向一边”符合题意。3.文

63、章第二段最后一句提到“因为我们德国人要负责的罪行太多，所以我们没有余力去诉说我们自己的苦难”（Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left lo tell of our own sufferings），选项B“为他们在二战中的罪行感到愧疚”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第二段第二句提到“（小说）没有详细叙述船的沉没，女主人公是一个怀孕的年轻女性，幸免于难的她后来只是说不管在东德还是西德，没有人想听关于它的事情”（doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later），选项D符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到“但是甚至在政治上最正确的德国人也相信他们已经赢得了去讨论整个历史记录的权利。不是去拿德国人的苦难与他们导致的受害者的苦难等同起来，而是简单地承认一次可怕的悲剧”（But even the most politically correct Germans believe that theyve now earned the righ