2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第119期

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1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The soldier was（ ） of running away when the enemy attacked.问题1选项A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be scolded for因而被训斥；be charged with“被指控犯罪的”；be accused of“被指控”；be published for“因而受惩罚”。句意：在敌人攻击时，这位士兵被指控逃跑了。C项符合题意。2. 单选题The American Civil War

2、was a four-year armed（1）between northern and southern sections of the United States. The fighting began on April 12, 1861, and（2）until May 1865.For a long time（3）the Civil War, the North and South had（4）each other on many issues. Most people in the（5）wanted to abolish slavery, or at least to stop it

3、s spread to new states, （6）the slave owners of the South held that（7）should be allowed everywhere.Another issue that divided the North and South was a（8）one. The North believed in a strong central government,（9）, the federal government should have more power than the state governments. Most southern

4、ers,（10）, regarded the nation as a union of separate and more or less（11）states. They held that a state had the right to（12）or “secede” from the Union when it felt its interests to be threatened.In November, 1860, Abraham Lincoln was（13）the 16th President of the United States. Since Lincoln had beco

5、me well-known（14）the country for his anti-slavery views, his election caused a panic among the（15）in the South. One month later, South Carolina seceded from（16）. By February 1, 1861, six other statesMississippi. Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texashad taken（17）steps.President Lincoln knew

6、 that if these（18）states were allowed to leave the Union, it would soon（19）. So shortly after he had taken office, it was decided by his cabinet that the Union was to be preserved（20）.问题1选项A.conflictB.quarrelC.battleD.struggle问题2选项A.establishedB.preservedC.foundedD.lasted问题3选项A.afterB.beforeC.untilD

7、.to问题4选项A.disagreed withB.agreed toC.agreed withD.disagreed to问题5选项A.NorthB.SouthC.Civil WarD.Country问题6选项A.asB.soC.andD.while问题7选项A.freedomB.slaveryC.plantationD.revolution问题8选项A.politicalB.economicalC.educationalD.artificial问题9选项A.so to sayB.howeverC.that isD.for example问题10选项A.as a resultB.howeve

8、rC.yetD.in问题11选项A.dependentB.independentC.completeD.incomplete问题12选项A.succeedB.erectC.establishD.withdraw问题13选项A.electedB.selectedC.chosenD.appointed问题14选项A.forB.throughoutC.amongD.during问题15选项A.labor partyB.factory ownersC.slave ownersD.presidents问题16选项A.the UnionB.the NorthC.the SouthD.the State问题

9、17选项A.alikeB.likelyC.similarD.related问题18选项A.sixB.twoC.liveD.seven问题19选项A.get togetherB.burst intoC.break outD.break up问题20选项A.by forceB.by persuadingC.by talkingD.by education【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:D第13题:A第14题:B第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:A第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查名

10、词辨析。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾”；B选项quarrel“吵架，争论”；C选项battle“战役，斗争”；D选项struggle“斗争，奋斗”。根据句意“美国内战是美国北部和南部地区之间长达四年的武装冲突。”选项A最符合语境。2.考查动词辨析。A选项establish“建立”；B选项preserve“保存”；C选项found“创立”；D选项last“持续”。根据原文可知，这里是说战争从1861年4月12持续到了1865年5月，所以选项D符合原文。3.考查介词辨析。原文是说在美国内战爆发之前的很长一段时间里，南北双方在很多问题上就已经存在分歧了。所以选项B符合原文。4.考查上下文语义。

11、根据下文的描述可以推断出双方应该是存在分歧，由此可首先排除选项B和选项C；当表示双方意见不一致的时候用介词with，所以选项A正确。5.考查上下文语义。本段主要是讲南北之间的矛盾，下文提到了南方的奴隶主，那这里指的应该是北方的大多数人想要取消奴隶制。所以选项A符合原文。6.考查逻辑关系词。前后形成对比并且是相反的情况，应使用连词while表转折，所以选项D正确。7.考查上下文语义。上文提及北方大多数人想要取消奴隶制，然而南方的奴隶主们认为奴隶制在任何地方都应该被允许，所以选项B符合原文。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项political“政治的”；B选项economical“经济的”；C选项educ

12、ational “教育的”；D选项artificial“人造的”。根据原文可知，分裂南北方属于政治问题，所以选项A符合原文。9.考查连接词。A选项so to say“可以这么说，打个比方说”；B选项however“然而”；C选项that is“也就是说，换言之”；D选项for example“例如”。根据句意“北方相信一个强大的中央政府，（ ） ，联邦政府应该比州政府拥有更多的权力。”句子的后半部分是对前半部分的进一步解释，所以选项C更符合语境。10.考查逻辑连接词。上文提及北方相信一个强大的中央政府，而下文讲到南方认为这个国家是一个独立的，或者或多或少独立的州组成的联盟，前后形成转折关系，所

13、以选项B符合语境。11.考查上下文语义。这里是由and连接的两个并列成分，根据上一句“regarded the nation as a union of separate把国家看作是一个独立的联合体”可知，后半句表示或多或少独立的州。所以选项B符合句意。12.考查动词辨析。A选项succeed“继承，接替”；B选项erect“竖立，建造”；C选项establish“建立”；D选项withdraw“撤退，离开”。根据句意“他们认为，当一个州感到自己的利益受到威胁时，它有权退出或“脱离”联邦。”选项D符合原文语境。13.考查动词辨析。A选项elect“选举”；B选项select“选择”；C选项ch

14、oose“挑选”；D选项appoint“任命，委派”。根据原文可知，这里是说林肯当选为美国第16任总统，选项A符合句意。14.考查介词辨析。根据句意“林肯反奴隶制的观点闻名于全国”，贯穿全国用介词throughout，选项B正确。15.考查上下文语义。根据句意“他（林肯）的当选在南部 引起了恐慌。”林肯反对奴隶制，损害的是南方奴隶主的利益，所以选项C符合原文语境。16.考查上下文语义。根据最后一段第一句可知，这里指脱离的是联邦政府，所以选项A符合原文语境。17.考查形容词辨析。A选项alike“相似的，相像的”，强调两个人长得相像；B选项likely“可能的，合适的”；C选项similar“相

15、似的”；D选项related“有关联的”。根据原文可知，这里是说其他六个州也采取了类似的措施，选项C符合语境。18.考查上下文语义。南卡罗来纳州已经脱离了联邦政府，所以这里是说“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话.”，选项A符合语境。19.考查词组辨析。A选项get together“聚集，积累”；B选项burst into“闯入”；C选项break out“爆发，突发”；D选项break up“解散，衰落”。根据句意“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话，联邦很快就会分裂。”选项D符合原文语境。20.考查短语辨析。A选项by force“强迫地，靠武力”；B选项by persuading“

16、通过劝说”；C选项by talking“通过谈判”；D选项 by education“通过教育”。根据句意“因此，在他就职后不久，他的内阁决定通过武力来维护联邦。”选项A符合原文语境。3. 单选题（ ）elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.问题1选项A.CultivatedB.RegulatedC.CivilD.Tame【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。cultivated“有教养的，栽培的”；regulated“约束，调节”；civil“有礼貌的”；tame“驯

17、服的，乏味的”。句意：被驯服的大象与野生大象在许多方面有差异，包括性格。由wild可知此空应填与之意思相反的单词，故D项正确。4. 单选题I was impressed（ ）the efficiency of the work done in the company.问题1选项A.inB.aboutC.withD.for【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be impressed with sth“对印象深刻”。句意：该公司的工作效率给我留下了深刻的印象。C项符合题意。5. 单选题He was so angry that he just couldnt（ ）from telling them wh

18、at he thought.问题1选项A.hold offB.hold onC.hold backD.hold up【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。hold back from意为“抑制阻止”。句意“他非常生气，忍不住把自己的想法告诉了他们。”选项C符合句意。6. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be up to one-fifth the total （ ） for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applic

19、able【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。acceptable“可接受的”；available“可获得的，可得到的”；advisable“明智的，可取的”；applicable“可适用的，可应用的”。句意：大体上，学生的房租支出最多只能占可多得的生活总费用的五分之一。B项符合题意。7. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following five underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.Warning and other signs blamed for

20、 two million accidentsNearly two million drivers in the UK have had accidents due to “Baby On Board” signs and childrens toys that obscure their view, according to alarming new research.One in 20 motorists says stickers and playtime paraphernalia are to blame for a collision-equivalent to 1. 85 mill

21、ion of Britains 37 million drivers.1.The revelation triggered a warning by road safety charity Brake to cut down on clutter in the car.Deputy chief executive Julie Townsend said “Baby On Board” signs are useful in alerting the emergency services that a child may be involved in the event of a crash.“

22、This help can become a hindrance if drivers display signs when their child isnt in the vehicle，” she said.2. “Worse still is the danger that can be posed by drivers blocking out their view by staining windows with lots of sign.”“Drivers1 priority should always be getting there safely without putting

23、 themselves, young passengers or other road users at risk.”3.A survey commissioned by price comparison website C found that 37 percent of parents have displayed signs and four out of five of them believe they improve safety4.But 46 per cent admit doing so at all timesregardless of whether or not the

24、ir child is in the car and 15 per cent confess they only have them for their novelty value.The poll of 2, 000 drivers also found that 46 percent of drivers regard them as a hazard and 33 percent say they are tacky.“There are benefits and dangers to “Baby on Board” signs. 5.They can offer useful info

25、rmation for nurses in the case of a crash but having too many novelty items displayed could be a safety issue,” said a Confused, com spokesman.【答案】1.因此，道路交通安全慈善机构Brake提醒大家清理车辆的相关物品。2.“更糟的是，如果车主在车窗上散乱地贴了很多车贴，会妨碍视线，造成危险。”3.比价网站C开展的一项调查发现，37%的父母使用了车贴，其中4/5相信这能使行驶更安全。4.但有46%的受访者承认，不管孩子在没在车里，他们都会使用车贴，还有1

26、5%承认自己这样做只是因为新奇有趣。5.在遇到交通事故时，这种车贴可以为医护人员提供有用的信息，但如果车上贴了太多花里胡哨的车贴，就会造成安全隐患了。”8. 单选题After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no（ ） to go to the party with us.问题1选项A.tasteB.moodC.senseD.emotion【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in no mood to do sth“没心情做某事”。句意：工作一整天之后，他很疲劳以至于他没有心情跟我们去参加聚会。故B项正确。9. 单选题He gave

27、his listeners a vivid（ ）of his journey through Peru.问题1选项A.accountB.taleC.communicationD.plot【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。give an account of意为“讲述说明汇报”。根据句意“他向听众生动地讲述了他的秘鲁之旅。”选项A符合句意。10. 翻译题Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and translate it into Chinese.1. Upon learning of this cultural preferenc

28、e, Hallmark reacted quickly. Even though Chinese and Japanese descendants of Romeo and Juliet are now able to buy greeting cards in their native language, Hallmark has made sure the supply of greeting cards in English is plentiful. Thus, their customers can achieve both a display of their hip cosmop

29、olitan flair, while also sending their sweetie that all-important message of love at the same time.2.English as a lingua franca is nothing more than a useful tool: it is a “language for communication”, a medium that is given substance with the different national, regional, local and individual cultu

30、ral identities its speakers bring to it. English itself does not carry such identities, and it is not a “language for identification”. And because of the variety of functional uses of global English, English has also a great potential for promoting international understanding. Its different speakers

31、 must always work out a common behavioural and intercultural basis.【答案】1.在了解到这一文化偏好之后，霍尔马克公司快速做出了反应。尽管“罗密欧与朱丽叶”的中国和日本后裔现在都能买到母语贺卡，但霍尔马克公司同时确保了英语贺卡的供应充足。这样，他们的顾客既可以展示他们时尚的世界性眼光，同时也可以向他们的爱人传达最重要的爱的信息。2.作为一种通用语，英语只不过是一种有用的工具:它是一种“交流的语言”， 是一种由其使用者赋予了不同民族、地区、地方和个人文化特色的物质媒体。英语本身并没有这种身份，它也不是一种“身份识别语言”。而且，由

32、于全球英语功能用法的多样性，英语在促进国际理解方面也具有巨大潜力。不同的使用者必须始终制定出一个共同的行为和跨文化基础。11. 单选题When you are at college, you should not（ ） your study.问题1选项A.get a big kick inB.fool around withC.set asideD.draw on【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项get a big kick in“得到极大的乐趣”；B选项fool around with“与不三不四的人鬼混”；C选项set aside“驳回，不管”；D选项draw on“利用，吸收”。句意

33、：在上大学的时候，你不应该把学习放在一边不管不顾。选项C符合语境。12. 单选题Amtrak（美国铁路客运公司）was experiencing a downswing in ridership（客运量）along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.

34、 At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became Americas standard of convenience. Also, air tra

35、vel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in

36、the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1）anxious fliersthose concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2）travel-loversthose viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign th

37、at focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures.Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoye

38、d along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc. ) These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results w

39、ere impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.1.Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?2.It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that（ ）.3.To en

40、courage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized（ ）.4.The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because（ ）.5.According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profitsbecause（ ）.问题1选项A.To show the inability of

41、trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenienceB.To stress the influence of the automobile on Americas standard of convenienceC.To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotionD.To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer atti

42、tudes问题2选项A.trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportationB.trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationC.trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD.trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience问题3选项A.the freed

43、om and convenience provided on trainsB.the practical aspects of train travelC.the adventurous aspects of train tripsD.the safety and cleanliness of train trips问题4选项A.they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB.they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC.their profits could be in

44、creased by some 15 percentD.most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences问题5选项A.the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertisedB.it provided an exciting travel experienceC.its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD.it was widely adverti

45、sed in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and Seattle【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.作者意图题。本文主要讲述了美国铁路客运公司为应对飞机和汽车的竞争所采取的应对策略，Amtrak将焦急的飞行者和旅游爱好者视为目标群体，然后对其进行广告的投放，最终取得一定效果。故作者的意图是强调广告的劝说性功能在改变消费者态度方面的作用。故D项正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“However, times change and the automobile became Americas standard of

46、convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. 然而，时代变了，汽车成为了美国方便的标准。而且，航空旅行很容易就成为长途旅行最快的方法。”可知美国铁路客运量下降主要是由于汽车和飞机的出现，火车不再是最快且最方便的交通方式。故B项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段“ It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train tr

47、ips as wonderful adventures. 它强调了乘坐火车所获得的体验，并将西方火车旅行描述为美妙的冒险。”可知DDB Needham强调火车旅行的冒险性。故C项正确。4.细节事实题。由最后一段“These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. 这些广告被战略性地放置在以家庭为导向的涉及自然和美国的电视节目中

48、，以便最有效地触及目标观众。”可知这些广告投放主要是为了能让目标观众看到，而前面已经提及目标观众是travel-lovers和fliers。故D项正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.) 广告展示了一

49、些更著名的西部路线沿线可以欣赏的美丽风景的图片，并强调了这些火车的浪漫名字（帝国建造者等）。”可知帝国建造者号列车的客流量上升是源于列车的名字和广告中宣称的路线和风景。故A项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:13. 单选题Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they（ ） radiation better.问题1选项A.stand up toB.stand in forC.stand up forD.stand in with【

50、答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项stand up to“经得起，抵抗”；B选项stand in for“代替”；C选项stand up for“支持，拥护”；D选项stand in with“与.联合，同.分担”。句意：在太空中，女性比男性有明显的优势，因为她们需要的食物和氧气更少，而且她们能更好地抵抗辐射。选项A符合语境。14. 单选题Its good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually（ ） from the Bible.问题1选项A.acquireB.obtainC.deriveD.result【

51、答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。derive from“源于，来自”；result from“由造成”；句意：许多受欢迎的短语实际上来自圣经。C项正确。15. 单选题Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a（ ） speed.问题1选项A.spareB.fastC.moderateD.moral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。spare“额外的，空闲的”；fast“迅速的”；moderate“适度的，稳健的”；moral“有道德的”。句意：尽管交通不拥挤，他喜欢以适中的速度开车。由although和not busy可知空格

52、处应填意思与之相反的词。故C项符合题意。16. 单选题All the memories of his childhood had（ ） from his mind by the time he was 65.问题1选项A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fade“褪色，逐渐消失”；illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；confine“限制，紧闭”；concern“影响，牵挂，关系到，涉及”。句意：他大脑中童年时代的所有记忆在他65岁时都逐渐模糊。A项符合题意。17. 单选题All the parts of this

53、 washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.modernizedC.mechanizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。normalized“正常化的”；modernized“现代化的”；mechanized“机械化的，呆板的”；standardized“标准的，标准化的”。句意：这个洗衣机的所有部件都是标准的，所以要替换他们非常方便。D项符合题意。18. 单选题Hes watching TV? Hes（ ） to be clea

54、ning his room.问题1选项A.knownB.supposedC.regardedD.considered【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。be supposed to do sth“应该做某事，被期望做某事”；句意：他在看电视吗？他本应该在打扫房间的。B项符合题意。19. 单选题Will you please（ ）everything is ready for the party to be held next Sunday?问题1选项A.see it thatB.see to itC.seeing thatD.see to it that【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项see

55、 it that没有这种搭配；B选项see to it“留意必定做”；C选项seeing that“由于，因为”；D选项see to it that“务必，保证”。根据句意“请你务必为下星期天举行的晚会做好一切准备，好吗?”选项D符合句意。20. 单选题The old lady has developed a（ ） cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.问题1选项A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustained【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。perpetual“永久的，不断的”；permanent“固定的，永恒的，不变的”；chronic“慢性的，长期的”；sustained“持续的，持久的”。句意：这位老妇人患了慢性咳嗽，不能在短时间内完全治好。C项符合题意。