2022年考博英语-南开大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第13期

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题It goes without saying that people who refuse to （ ） with the law will be punished.问题1选项A.complyB.concealC.consentD.abide【答案】A【解析】动词搭配。comply with“遵守, 顺从”;conceal“隐藏, 隐瞒”;consent“同意, 赞成”;abide“持续, 忍受”。句意:不用说, 拒绝遵守法律的人都将受到惩罚。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题To plagiarize is simply “

2、to use without （ ） credit the ideas, expressions, or productions of (another),” and this is remarkably easy to do unintentionally.问题1选项A.dueB.necessaryC.importantD.vital【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意:剽窃很简单，就是“未经允许或授权就使用(他人的)创意，表达或作品”，而这很容易在无意中发生。due “应付的, 应得的”, due credit为常用搭配，表示“应得的荣誉, 应得的信任”, without due cre

3、dit在这里引申为“未经允许或授权”。选项A正确。3. 写作题Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in a big city such as Shanghai. They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us

4、in colored lights all night. What do you think of the flood of advertising make any contribution to our society? For this part you are to write a composition on the topic If There Were No Advertisements. You should illustrate your viewpoints on advertisement in no less than 200 words. 【答案】4. 单选题Both

5、 television commercials and programs present （ ） view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.问题1选项A.a standardizedB.an unrealisticC.a betterD.an interesting【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“most of us can probably not attain”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符合语

6、境。5. 单选题He has little trouble （ ） the tires of his car.问题1选项A.to fixB.fixC.fixingD.with fixing【答案】C【解析】特殊用法。have trouble后接动名词, 表示“在方面有困难和麻烦”。选项C正确。6. 单选题These small companies now have their own（ ）identity.问题1选项A.discreetB.discreteC.separatedD.isolated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的, 小心的”;discrete“离散的;

7、独立的”;separated“分开的;分居的”;isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。7. 单选题A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death（ ）is expected to rise.问题1选项A.tollB.figureC.spanD.yield【答案】A【解

8、析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量， 收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。death toll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。8. 单选题Four weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were（ ） .问题1选项A.on the vergeB.on the spo

9、tC.on the looseD.on the sly【答案】D【解析】介词短语辨析。on the verge“濒临, 在的边缘”;on the spot“当场, 在危险中”;on the loose“散漫, 放荡”;on the sly“偷偷地, 秘密地”。句意:自杀式爆炸事件发生四周后, 警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子, 因为他们相信还有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗处。选项D符合句意。9. 写作题Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specifi

10、c reasons and examples to support your answer. Your composition should be no less than 200 words.【答案】Why People Are Attracted to Dangerous Sports?10. 单选题The book might well have（ ） had it been less expensive.问题1选项A.worked outB.gone throughC.fitted inD.caught on【答案】D【解析】动词短语含义辨析。work out“解决, 算出, 实现”;

11、go through“检查, 通过”;fit in“适应, 适合”;catch on“理解, 变得流行”。句意:如果这本书不那么贵的话, 可能会很流行。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in t

12、he United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally larg

13、e group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by womens liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child rais

14、ing. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty

15、 of raising a child alone.These circumstanceswomen working outside the home and the instability of marriage一tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor

16、 in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their

17、present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspirati

18、on will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.1.What influences the birth rate most in the United States is （ ） .2.The sentence

19、“From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive” implies that （ ） .3.A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is （ ） .4.The population in the new century, according to the writer, （ ） .问题1选项A.highly paid jobsB.womens desire for independenceC

20、.expenses of child raisingD.high divorce rate问题2选项A.food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paid jobsD.social development has made child-raising inexpensive问题3选项A.birth

21、 controlB.the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.the instability of marriageD.the changed place of women问题4选项A.will be smaller than a few years agoB.will not be as small as people expectC.will prove to be a threat to the worldD.will not continue as serious a problem as expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:

22、D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第二段第二句“We are more affected by womens liberation: . provide free labor for child raising.”美国出生率受到妇女解放的影响:一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。选项B符合原文。2.信息推断题。上一句提到，一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。由此可以推断，抚养孩子从零成本似乎变成了高成本，是因为女性为了抚养孩子而放弃高薪工作所付出了昂贵的代价，这里并不是说抚养孩子的成本高。所以选项C符合原文。3.事实细节题。根

23、据第三段最后一句“Along with them . in Europe in the 19th century.”社会流动性，以及在城市里发展提升的抱负，是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的一个主要因素。选项B符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，目前富裕的国家由于妇女地位改变而人口趋于稳定，为世界其他地区树立了榜样，工业社会也将蔓延到贫穷国家，所有的这些都将导致新世纪的人口比几年前的要少。潜在意思是说，新世纪的人口问题不会像预期的那样严重。选项D相对于选项A来说，更为恰当。12. 单选题Id like to take this opportunity to （ ） my heart-fe

24、lt gratitude to the host.问题1选项A.increaseB.prolongC.intensifyD.express【答案】D【解析】动词词词义辨析。句意：我想借此机会向东道主表示衷心的感谢。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题An unidentified wit once said, “laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone.” Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hear

25、ing, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify.It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores: this means that there are approximately 21 million peoplewomen as well as menwho render an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer

26、 disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it necessarily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures

27、of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise

28、 when breezes flutter a flag on a pole. The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of in haling or exhaling through the mouth that cause snoring, short snorts come from the

29、nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an involuntary out which stops as the offender is awakened.1.The snoring is caused by （ ） .2.If a person produces short snores, most probably he has （ ） .3.The snorers can have control over

30、their act.4.The authors attitude towards the snorers is （ ） .问题1选项A.the soft palate and other structures of the throatB.the inflowing and outflowing air through the noseC.the inflowing and outflowing air through mouthD.the vibrations as a result of the inflowing and outflowing air问题2选项A.a soft palat

31、eB.a big noseC.an open mouthD.a small throat问题3选项A.The snorers can have control over their act.B.both the listeners and the snorers wish to stop the offensive sound of snoring.C.The frequency of the vibrations depends on the position of the tongue.D.There are more men than women who snore.问题4选项A.obj

32、ectiveB.subjectiveC.sympatheticD.annoyed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构，是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“shor

33、t snorts come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。3.信息推断题。根据原文可知，打鼾是一种无意识的行为，所以选项A错误；根据原文“The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow.”可知选项C错误；选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知，作者全文都

34、是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响，没有掺杂个人情绪，所以选项A正确。14. 单选题They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to （ ） it because of the rainy weather.问题1选项A.cancelB.eliminateC.delayD.prolong【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消, 撤销”;eliminate“消除, 排除”;delay“延期, 耽搁”;prolong“延长, 拖延”。句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游, 但由于下雨, 最

35、后不得不取消了。选项A符合句意。15. 单选题There are （ ） differences between theory and practice.问题1选项A.legibleB.radicalC.medievalD.laden【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。legible“清晰的, 易辨认的”;radical“激进的, 根本的, 彻底的”;medieval“中世纪的, 老式的, 原始的”;laden“负载的, 装满的”。句意:理论和实践之间有着根本的区别。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题I think you can take a(n) （ ） language course to i

36、mprove your English.问题1选项A.middleB.intermediateC.mediumD.average【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。middle“中间的，中部的”, 侧重方位;intermediate“中间的，中级的”, 侧重难易的程度;medium“中等的”, 侧重尺寸上的大小;average“平均的，普通的”。句意:我觉得你可以上一门中级语言课程来提高你的英语水平。选项B符合语境。17. 单选题They advised their clients to （ ） with another company.问题1选项A.mergeB.engageC.emergeD.s

37、ubmerge【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。merge with合并，与.联合；engage with交战，与.接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get （ ） quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。decompose“分解, 腐烂”;denounce“谴责, 告发”;de

38、tach“分离, 派遣”;deduce“推断, 演绎出”。句意:炎热地区的恶劣潮湿天气会使植物迅速分解腐烂。选项A符合句意。19. 单选题Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative a

39、ctivity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly crea

40、tive art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Su

41、ch phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a

42、 tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends estab

43、lished limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes established a new princ

44、iple of organization in the history of an artistic field, the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Bec

45、ause they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the opera of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro is surely

46、among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fu

47、ndamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limitsthe rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bachin strikingly original ways.1.The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to o

48、ne another to be the （ ） .2.The author implies that Beethovens music was strikingly original because Beethoven （ ） .3.The passage states that the operas of the Florentine Camerata are （ ） .4.The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with （ ） .5.The auth

49、or implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that （ ） .问题1选项A.basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB.byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC.tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD.result of highly creative scientific activity问题2选项A.strove to ou

50、tdo his predecessors by becoming the first composer to exploit limitsB.fundamentally changed the musical forms of his predecessors by adopting a richly inventive strategyC.embellished and interwove the melodies of several of the great composers who preceded himD.manipulated the established conventio

51、ns of musical composition in highly innovative fashion问题3选项A.unjustifiably ignored by most of musicologists todayB.not generally considered to be of high aesthetic valueC.musical works with popular historical themesD.examples of musical works with new principle of organization问题4选项A.deep skepticismB

52、.strong indignationC.marked indifferenceD.moderate amusement问题5选项A.is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB.does not relegate particulars to the role of dataC.introduces a new valid generalizationD.presents the discovery of a new scientific fact【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5

53、题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第六句“Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.”创造性科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。由此可知，把不同的现象连贯地联系起来是高度的创造性科学所产生的结果。选项D符合原文。2.信息判断题。根据第二段的末尾几句可知，贝多芬并没有推翻任何基本规则。相反，他是一个无与伦比的谋略家，他以惊人的独创的方式

54、，利用了他从前辈如海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫那里继承来的规则、形式和惯例。所以选项D符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据关键词“Florentine Camerata”定位到第二段第三句“such as the opera of the Florentine Camerata, . the great works of music.”如佛罗伦萨卡米拉塔的歌剧，尽管具有显著的历史重要性，但很少有听众或音乐学家会把它们列入伟大的音乐作品之中。也就是说不被普遍认为具有很高的审美价值，选项B与原文表述一致。4.观点态度题。根据第一段的第三句“However, the idea that . valid fo

55、r the sciences.”然而，将非凡的创造力超越既定限制的观点应用到艺术上是有误导性的，尽管它可能适用于科学。由此推断，作者的态度是怀疑的，选项A正确。5.细节推理题。根据段第六句“Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.”创新科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联，选项C符合原文。20. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。