2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷2（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the ti

2、me-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process, says a report released today by the National Education Commission on Time and Learning.The commissions report, titled Prisoners of Time, calls the fixed clock and calendar in American education a fundamental design flaw”

3、in desperate need of change. Time should serve children instead of children serving time, the report says.The two-year commission found that holding American students to world-class standards will require more time for classroom instruction. We have been asking the impassible of our students-that th

4、ey learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subjects, it states.The Commission compared the relationships between time and learning in Japan, Germany, and the United States and found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruct

5、ion that Japanese and German students are provided. On average, American students can earn a high school diploma if they spend only 41 percent of their school time on academics, says the report.American students spend an average of three hours a day on “core” academics such as English, math, science

6、, and history, the commission found. Their report recommends offering a minimum of 5.5 hours of academics every school day.The nine-member commission also recommends lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the acad

7、emic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services, they should keep school doors open longer each day and each year, says John Hodge Jones, superintendent of schools in Murfreesboro, Tenn., and chairman of the commission.The typical school year in American public schools is 18

8、0 days. Eleven states allow school years of 175 days or less, and only one state requires more than 180 days.For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools, says Milton Goldberg, executive director of the commission. “Butif reform is to truly take h

9、old, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past1.Compared with the academic courses more than a hundred years ago, the academic courses now（ ）.2.The researches by the commission mentioned in the passage are most concerned about（ ）.3.As is menti

10、oned in the passage, schools in the United States do the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.American students differ from those in Japan, Germany in that（ ）.5.Executive director of the commission Milton Goldberg would most probably agree that（ ）.问题1选项A.include some extra-curricular activitiesB.focus more on educ

11、ation of social supportC.demand students more contribution of timeD.remain more or less what they used to be问题2选项A.the time attributed to academic learningB.the components of school educationC.the changes in education in the recent centuryD.the fashion of education management问题3选项A.providing importa

12、nt outside-academic activitiesB.serving social units such as family and communityC.arranging six-hour teaching and learning every dayD.having competition with schools of other countries问题4选项A.they stay at school for a shorter time every dayB.they do not learn as much as their counterparts abroadC.th

13、ey devote less time to academic learningD.they earn a high school diploma more easily问题5选项A.what the education reform advocates have done is not good enoughB.the time of school day and school year should be extended.C.visiting museums can improve students academic learning ability.D.social support a

14、nd extra-curricular activities should be cancelled.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段中的“While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展

15、到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小。” 可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确。 A “extra-curricular activities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B “更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及。2.事实细节题。 第二段中“ Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform

16、process，在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重要的步骤” 可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。由倒数第三段中“If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services. 如果学校想继续提供学

17、术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心”可推断A与B在文中有提及；由倒数第四段中“.lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.延长传统的6小时教学日时长可推断C在文中有提及；D“和其他国家的学校进行竞争”在文中没有提及，故D项为正确选项。4.事实细节题。由第五段中 “ .found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students ar

18、e provided. 发现美国学生接受的基本学术教育不到日本和德国学生的一半”可推知C “与德国和日本的学生不同的是美国学生在学术学习上投入的时间较少”正确。A“美国学生每天在校时间较少”在文中没有提及，由第四段中“that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subject 美国学生所学的东西和他们的外国同龄人一样多，但花在核心学术学科上的时间却只有他们的一半”可知 B与D不正确。5.判断推理题。由最后一段中“But.if reform is to

19、 truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past 但是如果改革真的生效，那么每天6个小时，一年180天的上学时间就应该被归入到博物馆中来展示我们过去的教育”可推断“Milton Goldberg支持每天上学的时间和每学年的天数被延长”，故B正确；也由此知C“参观博物馆能提升学生的学术学习能力”不正确。最后一段中“For over a decade, education reform advocates have

20、been working feverishly to improve our schools过去的十来年，教育改革倡导者们一直在狂热地努力改进我们的学校”可推断A“教育改革倡导者所做的还不够”不符合原文；D“社会支持与课外活动应被取消”在原文中未提及。2. 单选题The worlds oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported Wed

21、nesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to do damage in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.The study, published in the British journal Nature, adds to a growing

22、 scientific chorus of warnings about the pace and consequences of rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year by the Nobel, winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors.Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the the

23、rmal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits at the top of Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities fro

24、m Dhaka to Shanghai.Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of comput

25、er-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a

26、depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.1.36. What happens when the oceans temperature rises?2.37. The rise in water levels is especially dangerous

27、 for small island nations and（ ）.3.38. The new study（ ）.4.39. Ultimately, the new study should help scientists to（ ）.5.40. What was the main finding of the study?问题1选项A.It causes sea levels to rise.B.It causes sea levels to remain constant.C.It causes sea levels to decrease.D.It causes sea levels to

28、 change.问题2选项A.low-lying urban areasB.all coastal citiesC.people who live on the beachD.people who live around the globe问题3选项A.shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.32 millimeter-per-year rise in sea levelsB.did not reveal anything that scientists didnt already knowC.used new techniques to a

29、ssess ocean temperaturesD.shows how quickly the sea levels fall问题4选项A.lower water levelsB.find out what is wrong with the earthC.bury sea-level cities like Dhaka and ShanghaiD.better predict climate change问题5选项A.Not enough is being done about global warming.B.Ocean waters have warmed faster than sci

30、entists had previously thought.C.The warming of the worlds oceans is not a threat.D.The rise of sea levels has nothing to do with ocean temperature.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词oceans temperature rises可以定位到文章第一段中 “Higher ocean temperatures expend the volume of water, contributing t

31、o a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to do damage in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.” 中文翻译为“海水温度的升高将会导致海水体积的膨胀，从而导致海平面的上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁”可以得知海水温度升高会使海平面上升。因此A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。题干询问：海平面上升尤其会对小岛国和构成威胁。定位到第一段中 “c

32、ontributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to do damage in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.” 译为：导致海平面上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁。因此A符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词new study可以定位到文章最后一段。其中第一句话“The new study, led by Catia Dom

33、ingues of the Centre for Australia Weather and Climate Research, is the first to reconcile the models with observed data.”中文翻译为：由于澳大利亚的天气和气候研究中心的Catia Domingues主导的这一项新的研究首次将模型与观测数据相协调。可知B选项错误；第二句话“Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 20

34、03, it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimetre-pre-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32mm rise reported by the IPCC.” 译为：通过使用新技术对海平面2300英尺以下的海水温度进行评估，研究发现从1961年到2003年，气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的0.32毫米。由此可以选项A，D错误。故答案选C。4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段中“Trying to figure out

35、 how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say.”译为：“科学家们表示，明确这些因素导致海平面上升的方式，对于理解气候变化和预测未来气温的升高至关重要”以及最后一段中“Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth

36、of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimetre-pre-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32mm rise reported by the IPCC.”译为：通过使用新技术对海平面2300英尺以下的海水温度进行评估，研究发现从1961年到2003年，气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的0.32毫米。可知这将有助于科学家们后期更好地预测气候变

37、化，因此答案选D。5.根据题干可定位到文章最后一段中 “.it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimeter-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC” 中文翻译为：研究发现气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的032 毫米。因此选择答案B。3. 填空题Opinion is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to

38、 refer to matters of taste（1）, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt（2）too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance （3） it. I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, and Everyones entitled to his opinion, are （

39、4）expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It （5）on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a （6）What do you think of the new Ford cars? A

40、nd he may reply, In my （7）, theyre ugly. In this case, it would not only be （8）to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion lie means his personal （9）, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.But consider this very diff

41、erent use of the term, a newspaper （10） that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere （11） and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and

42、deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere （12）these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may（13）elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without （14）the evidence.Is everyone entitled to

43、his opinion? Of course, this is not only （15）, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.【答案】1.belief2.attach3.tomon5.depends6.friend7.opinion8.intolerant9.preference10.reports11.likes12.between13.contain14.examining15.permitted【解析】1.文章倒数第

44、二段最后一句提到 “It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at. 这是一种随意达成的观点或信念”中“belief”及该句前后出现的judgment正好与之形成对应，故此处选belief。2.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，同时由下文“most do attach great importance”可知此处选attach。3.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，故此处选to。mon “常见的;通常的”。前文提到“大多数人都很重视观点”， I

45、have as much right to my opinion as you to yours我与你都有同样的权利去坚持各自的观点” Everyones entitled to his opinion每个人都有资格坚持自己的观点可知此处表示“常见表达方式”，故此处选common。5.“ depend on sth.依赖于，取决于”，固定搭配，根据前后文句意：这个标签是正确的吗？质疑别人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？这取决于你对“观点”的定义，由此可知，此处应选depends。6.根据上下文句意：比如，你可能会问一个“你觉得新款福特车型怎么样”，他可能回答“在我看来有点丑”，可知此处选friend。7

46、.“in ones opinion在某人看来”为 固定短语，故此处选opinion。8.前文提到“Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion?挑战他人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？” 紧接着作者举例，正好与“intolerant”对应，故选intolerant。9.下文“a matter of taste一个喜好”是对空格处的补充说明，此处句意为：因为很明显，从意见上来说，谎言意味着他的个人偏好，也就是个人品味，可知选项preference “偏爱，喜好”最符合题意，故此处选preference。10.前文提到 “a newspaper”及下文新闻中的

47、具体内容可知，此处选择reports “报 道”最符合题意，故此处选reports。11.下文提到“and dislikes 和厌恶”，由and可知此处应选择与“dislike”相对应的词，此处句意为：显然，大法官们并没有分享他们的个人偏好、他们的喜欢和不喜欢，故此处选likes。12.根据上下文“fall somewhere 落在某地”“these two extremes这两个极端”可知这里指“在之间”，故此处选between。13.根据上下文句意：它不是喜好的表达，也不是谨慎的判断。然而，它可能同时包含这两个要素，可知此处选“contain包含，容纳”最符合题意，故选contain。14

48、.上下文句意：这是一种观点或信念，无论是否有审查证据；介词without后接名词或动名词，可知此处选examining “检查；审查”最符合题意，故此处选examining。15.上下文句意为：每个人都有资格坚持自己的意见吗？当然，这不仅是允许的，而且是有保证的；结合短语 “not only.but also.不仅而且”的用法，可知此处应选择与 “guaranteed被保证”意义相应的词，故此处选permitted “被允许”。4. 单选题Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever

49、 happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should

50、we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of producti

51、on and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But in fac

52、t it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and

53、thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peo

54、ples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to

55、paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work,

56、 young people and old people were excludeda problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for a

57、ll to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.What is the main idea of the passage?2.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.The word daunting in the thir

58、d paragraph means（ ）.5.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?问题1选项A.Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.B.Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.C.The industrial age may now be coming to an

59、end.D.Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment问题2选项A.The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.B.The development of factories.C.Relief from housework on the part of women.D.Development of modern means of transportation.问题3选项A.most

60、people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of timeB.many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructedC.in pre-industrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by womenD.som

61、e of the changes in work patterns that the industrial age brought have been reversed问题4选项A.shockingB.interestingC.confusingD.stimulating问题5选项A.Create situations in which people work for themselves.B.Treat employment as the norm.C.Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of pr

62、oduction.D.Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。A项“就业在17和18世纪变得广泛。”，B项“失业仍将是工业化国家的一个主要问题。”，C项“工业时代可能即将结束。”，这三个选项均为文章中所阐述的一个细节，而非主旨；D项“应该做出一些努力、提供一些资源，帮助更多的人处理失业问题”，文章最后一段提到“The time has certainly come to switch some e

63、ffort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.现在当然是时候把一些努力和资源从为所有人创造就业机会的理想目标上转移到帮助许多没有全职工作的人也能生活的紧急实用任务上来”可推断D项符合题意，故选D。2.事实细节题。A项“十七和十八世纪的圈地”，文章第四段第一句有提到，B项“工厂的发展”， D项“现代交通工具的发展”，文章第四段第二

64、、三句有提到这两个选项；C项“妇女家务活减少”在原文中没有提及，故选C项。3.事实细节题。A项“大多数接受调查的人认为，失业问题可能不会在短时间内得到解决”，文章第一段提到“Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. “民意调查现在开始显示，不管是谁，不管从现在开始发生什么，高失业率可能会继续存在。”可推断A项正确。B项“许多农民在修建新铁路和工厂时失去了土地”，文章第四段第一句提到“很多人在17至18世纪的圈地运动时失去土地”， 故B不正确；C项“在前工业化时期，家务和社区服务主要由妇女进行”，文章倒数第三段第二句提到 “In