2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库及模拟押密卷27（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured（ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in regard toB.in line withC.in terms ofD.by means of【答案】C【解析】考查短语。in regard to “关于”； in line with “符合，与一致”；in terms of “依据，按照”；

2、by means of “用，依靠”。分析句子结构可知，空格处后面的内容是做方式状语，因此从C与D选项中选，根据两个词组的意思，可知选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Having weighed up all the factors the department finally agreed to receive all the（ ）to the committee.问题1选项A.nominationsB.hypothesesC.rejectionD.resistance【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。nomination “任命；提名”； hypotheses “假定，臆测”，hypothes

3、is 的复数形式；rejection “拒绝”； resistance “阻力，电阻”。由the department (部门)与committee (委员会)可知这里是“任命”的意思，选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The editor spent hours（ ）every single page of that thick novel, looking for the slightest error.问题1选项A.decoratingB.remedyingC.scrutinizingD.shattering【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。decorate “装饰；布置”； remedy

4、“补救；纠正”；scrutinize “详细检查”； shatter “粉碎”。根据every single page (每一页)，以及looking for the slightest error （寻找最细微的错误），可知是对整部小说进行仔细检查，因此选项C符合题意。4. 单选题When Use Hadda sold her roomy, three bedroom house a year ago to move into a two-bedroom condo in Berkeley, California, she struggled to arrange her old furni

5、ture in her new space. Familiar pieces that had fit together so naturally before no longer connected in the same homey way. Nothing seemed to work. Her seven large wooden bookshelves, standing together in the living/dining room area, looked awkward and a little overwhelming. She couldnt find space f

6、or her favorite leather chair and the other furniture grouped around the living room fireplace. In an alcove off the master bedroom, her desk felt out of place and got in the way of the in-wall ironing board. I was frustrated because it looked awful, she says.Hadda turned to a surprising source for

7、help the home stager shed hired earlier to strip the personality from her old home so it would be more attractive to potential buyers.Its not as strange as it sounds. Real-estate agents often recommend that sellers hire a home stager (also known as real-estate enhancer) to whisk through their homes

8、and neutralize them before they go on the market. When staging to sell, a home stager, sometimes with the help of a team, stashes away personal items (your collection of antique dolls, for example, or the model boat on the mantel); repaints aggressively colored walls, and rearranges furniture and ac

9、cessories to draw attention to a homes best features. Staging to live, as its called, is the logical next step. Having come to appreciate the clean, uncluttered look the stager achieved in their old homes, seller are rehiring stagers to work the same magic in their new home. But this time, instead o

10、f seeking to depersonalize your abode, the emphasis is on organizing, decluttering, and rearranging to de-stress the environment, says Barb Schwarz, whos been staging homes for more than 30 years and founded the International Association of Home Staging Professionals four years ago.Its visual therap

11、y, says Schwarz. Its about fine-tuning a space to improve its energy and the flow from room to room, she says. Schwarz estimates that about 40 percent of her staging-to-sell clients ask her to stage their new homes.Staging is also about getting rid of familiar objects that homeowners are overly atta

12、ched to, says interior designer Pat McMillan, coauthor of Home Decorating for Dummies. A stager can be brutally honest about disposing of clutter and relegating tatty family heirlooms to the closet.Anyone can hang out a shingle in this rapidly growing field, through a three-day course at one of Schw

13、arzs Staging University training programs which covers such topics as traffic patterns, furniture arrangement, and family lifestyle”, earns graduates the right to call themselves Accredited Staging Professionals. Fees vary widely but typically run about $75 an hour. Depending on the number of rooms,

14、 the total fee to stage a home may range anywhere from $750 to $3,0000, says Schwarz .1. The sentence Nothing seemed to wok (Paragraph 1) probably means（ ）.2. Which of the following is true according to the third paragraph?3. We may infer from the third paragraph that（ ）.4. According to the passage,

15、 the stager field is the one in which?问题1选项A.her furniture lost their functions for their new arrangementB.she had lost her job and had nothing to doC.her furniture were too old to be used any longerD.she didnt like her furniture any more for their awful looking问题2选项A.One home stager is enough to do

16、 all the works.B.The stagers try their best to prevent the house from being sold.C.Personal items of the home owner will be used to draw attention.D.Walls with inappropriate colors will be repainted.问题3选项A.staging to live is a certain step for all the staging to sell clients.B.stagers are rehired to

17、 help the clients organize their new houses.C.stagers are rehired to help the clients sell their new houses.D.staging to live costs much more than the step of “staging to sell”.问题4选项A.anyone can buy a satisfying house fromB.anyone can earn a lot of moneyC.anyone can have a tryD.anyone can start a tr

18、aining company【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“句子没有什么看起来发挥了作用可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾经摆放在一起的成套的家具现在却不再按照以前的方式摆放了（Familiar pieces that had fit together so naturally before no longer connected in the same homey way）；第四句提到她的七个大型的木制书柜被摆放在客厅里面，使它们看起来不协调并且占了大量的空间（Her seven large wooden bookshelves, s

19、tanding together in the living/dining room area, looked awkward and a little overwhelming），因此可知选项A“重新摆放后的家具失去了作用”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段可知下列哪句话是正确的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔没有早点找一个理家老手来帮她去掉房子之前的印记，以便吸引潜在买家（Hadda turned to a surprising source for help the home stager shed hired earlier to strip the personalit

20、y from her old home so it would be more attractive to potential buyers），由此可知选项D“不合适的墙面颜色需要重新刷油漆”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“从第三段可推断出什么？” 文章第三段倒数第二句话提到在见识到了理家老手的高超手段后，他们会再次雇佣理家老手去打理他们的新家（Having come to appreciate the clean, uncluttered look the stager achieved in their old homes, seller are rehiring stagers t

21、o work the same magic in their new home），因此选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，理家行业怎么样？”文章最后一段第一句话提到每个人都可以尝试在这个领域发展（Anyone can hang out a shingle in this rapidly growing field），选项C符合题意。5. 不定项选择题For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, tr

22、ade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazine: a never-ending flood of words. In（1）a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend（2）can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are（3）readers. Mo

23、st of us develop poor reading（4）at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（5）in the actual stuff of language itselfwords. Taken individually, words have（6）meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.（7）, however, the untrained reader does not read

24、 groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to（8）words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over（9）you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which（10）down the speed of reading is vocalizationsounding each word either orally or m

25、entally as （11）reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use device called an（12）, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate（13）the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the rea

26、der to read fast, （14）word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first（15）is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, （16）your comprehension will improve. Many people have found（17）reading skill drastica

27、lly improved after some training.（18）Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading was a reasonably good 172 words a minute（19）the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can（20）a lot more reading material in a short period of time.问题1选项A.applyi

28、ngB.doingC.gettingD.offering问题2选项A.easilyB.quicklyC.roughlyD.decidedly问题3选项A.goodB.curiousC.urgentD.poor问题4选项A.trainingB.simulationsC.habitsD.custom问题5选项A.combinesB.liesC.touchesD.involves问题6选项A.someB.a lotC.dullD.little问题7选项A.UnfortunatelyB.In factC.LogicallyD.Fortunately问题8选项A.reuseB.rewriteC.rere

29、adD.recite问题9选项A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if问题10选项A.scalesB.cutsC.measuresD.slows问题11选项A.someoneB.heC.oneD.reader问题12选项A.actorB.acceleratorC.amplifierD.observer问题13选项A.thenB.asC.thanD.beyond问题14选项A.enablingB.makingC.leadingD.indicating问题15选项A.meaningB.gistC.comprehensionD.regression问题16选项A.forB.norC.orD.b

30、ut问题17选项A.ourB.yourC.theirD.such a问题18选项A.Look atB.TakeC.MakeD.Consider问题19选项A.forB.inC.afterD.before问题20选项A.get throughB.go overC.presentD.master【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:C第14题:B第15题:C第16题:D第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。A选项applying“申请”；B选项doing

31、“做”；C选项getting“得到”；D选项offering“提供”。句意：在得到一份工作或在一份工作中取得进步时。因此C选项符合题意。第2题:考查副词辨析。A选项 easily“轻松地”；B选项quickly“迅速地”；C选项roughly“粗糙地”；D选项decidedly“果断地”。句意：快速阅读和理解的能力意味着成功和失败的区别。因此B选项符合题意。第3题:考查形容词辨析。A选项good“好的”；B选项curious“好奇的”；C选项urgent“急迫的”；D选项poor“差劲的”。句意：我们大多数人都不善于阅读。因此D选项符合题意。第4题:考查名词辨析。A选项training“训练”

32、；B选项simulations“模拟”；C选项habits“习惯”；D选项custom“风俗”。句意：我们大多数人在很小的时候就养成了不好的阅读习惯。因此C选项符合题意。第5题:考查动词辨析。A选项combines“结合”；B选项lies“在于”；C选项touches“触及”；D选项involves“涉及”。句意：主要的缺陷在于语言本身的实质。因此B选项符合题意。第6题:考查形容词辨析。A选项some“某些的”；B选项a lot“许多的”；C选项dull“迟钝的”；D选项little“很少的”。句意：单独来看，单词在组成短语、句子和段落之前没有什么意义。因此D选项符合题意。第7题:考查副词辨析

33、。A选项Unfortunately“不幸地”；B选项In fact“事实上”；C选项Logically“合乎逻辑地”；D选项Fortunately“幸运地”。句意：然而不幸的是，未经训练的读者不会阅读一组单词。因此A选项符合题意。第8题:考查动词辨析。A选项reuse“再次使用”；B选项rewrite“重写”；C选项reread“重读”；D选项recite“背诵”。句意：常常回头再读一些单词或段落。因此C选项符合题意。第9题:考查宾语从句。B选项“what”引导宾语从句，what you have just read表示你刚刚读过的东西；A选项which“哪一个”；C选项that“那个”，D选

34、项“如果”。因此B选项符合题意。第10题:考查动词辨析。A选项scales“衡量”；B选项cuts“削减”；C选项measures“测量”；D选项slows“减慢”。句意：另一个减慢阅读速度的习惯是发声。因此D选项符合题意。第11题:考查代词辨析。A选项someone“某人”；B选项he“他”；C选项one“一个人”；D选项reader“读者”。句意：在一个人阅读时。因此C选项符合题意。第12题:考查名词辨析。A选项actor“演员”；B选项accelerator“加速器”；C选项amplifier“放大器”；D选项observer“观察者”。句意：使用了加速阅读的设备。因此B选项符合题意。第

35、13题:考查形容词比较级。A选项then“那时”；B选项as“如同”；C选项than“比”；D选项beyond“超越”。句意：标准设定在比读者觉得舒服的稍快一点的速度。前文的faster和than连用，表示比更快。因此C选项符合题意。第14题:考查动词辨析。A选项enabling“能够”；B选项making“使得”；C选项leading“引导”；D选项indicating“表明”。句意：使得逐字阅读、回过头去读和默读变得几乎不可能。因此B选项符合题意。第15题:考查名词辨析。A选项meaning“意义”；B选项gist“要旨”；C选项comprehension“理解”；D选项regressio

36、n“回归”。句意：一开始为了速度而牺牲了理解。因此C选项符合题意。第16题:考查连词辨析。A选项for“因为”；B选项nor“也不”；C选项or“或者”；D选项but“而是”。句意：你不仅会读得更快，你的理解能力也会提高。前文的not only和but连用，表示不仅，而且。因此D选项符合题意。第17题:考查代词辨析。A选项our“我们的”；B选项your“你的”；C选项their“他们的”；D选项such a“这样的”。句意：许多人发现，经过一些训练后他们的阅读技能有了很大的提高。their指代前文的many people。因此C选项符合题意。第18题:考查固定搭配。A选项Look at“看”

37、；B选项Take“拿”；C选项Make“做”；D选项Consider“考虑”。句意：以业务经理查尔斯欧为例。take sth. for instance是固定搭配，表示以为例。因此B选项符合题意。第19题:考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项in“在里面”；C选项after“在之后”；D选项before“在之前”。句意：他在培训前的阅读能力相当不错。因此D选项符合题意。第20题:考查动词辨析。A选项get through“做完”；B选项go over“重温”；C选项present“展现”；D选项master“掌握”。句意：他很高兴自己能在短时间内读完更多的阅读材料。因此A选项符合题意。6

38、. 单选题The argument that Children are no longer an economic asset, but more of a liability, drew more attention of the public.问题1选项A.responsibilityB.possibilityC.productivityD.necessity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项responsibility“责任，职责；义务”；B选项possibility “可能性；可能发生的事物”；C选项productivity“生产力；生产率；生产能力”；D选项necessity“需

39、要；必然性；必需品”。句意：孩子不再是一种经济资产，而更多地是一种责任，这一观点引起了公众更多的关注。本句关键词liability在句中表示“责任”，四个选项中A选项最合适，因此A选项正确。7. 单选题When doing business with an Arab, you have to endure hours of small talk, waiting for the topic of commerce to be broached.问题1选项A.brokenB.raisedC.solvedD.concluded【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项broken“折断；打碎；损坏”；

40、B选项raised“提高，举起；使（面包）发酵；抚育，抚养”；C选项solved“解决；解答”；D选项concluded“结束；推断；作结论”。句意：当你和一个阿拉伯人做生意时，你不得不忍受几个小时的闲聊，等待商业的话题被提起。本句关键词be broached表示“被提出”，be raised可以做同义替换，表示被提出。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题Every （ ） of a motion picture is the responsibility of the director.问题1选项A.sectionB.facetC.characterD.footage【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。

41、A选项section“截面；部分；部门；地区；章节”；B选项facet“面；方面；小平面用”；C选项character“性格，品质；特性；角色；计 字符”；D选项footage“英尺长度；连续镜头；以尺计算长度”。句意：电影的每一段镜头都是导演的责任。由电影导演的责任可知此处镜头的含义最合适，因此D选项正确。9. 不定项选择题Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment, has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000

42、years. Together with other activities（1）ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic (such as music or dance), painting was one of the earliest ways in which man（2）to express his own personality and his（3）understanding of an existence beyond the material world.（4）music and dance,

43、 however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction（5）the 15,000-year-old cave murals of Lascaux - some examples（6）to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, lik

44、e other arts, exhibits universal qualities that（7）for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate. The major（8）examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the Soviet Union. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings

45、 were executed（9）to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions.（10）, Western shared a European cultural tradition - the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries of the New World. Western painting is in general distinguished by its concentration（11）the representation o

46、f the human（12）, whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance（13）this tradition through a（14）examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking pain

47、ting（15）the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real（16）from figurative painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was increasingly（17）“paint

48、erly” qualities of the（18）of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests（19）to the development of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract painting, which sought to（20）and express the true nature of paint and painting through actio

49、n and form.问题1选项A.may have beenB.that may haveC.may haveD.that may have been问题2选项A.seekB.sought forC.seek forD.sought问题3选项A.emergencyB.emergingC.mergingD.merger问题4选项A.AsB.LikeC.UnlikeD.Since问题5选项A.forB.toC.intoD.from问题6选项A.ratifyB.certifyC.testifyD.gratify问题7选项A.make it easyB.make easyC.make hardD.m

50、ake it hard问题8选项A.extinctB.extantC.extentD.exterior问题9选项A.had shiftedB.shiftedC.shiftingD.have shifted问题10选项A.NeverthelessB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.However问题11选项A.toB.onC.inD.for问题12选项A.shadowB.shapeC.figureD.form问题13选项A.extractedB.extrudedC.extortedD.extended问题14选项A.closeB.closingC.closedD.closure问题15

51、选项A.onB.toC.in D.for问题16选项A.breakdownB.breakageC.breakD.breaking问题17选项A.concerningB.concerned withC.concerning withD.concerned for问题18选项A.reactionB.actionC.relationD.interaction问题19选项A.distributedB.contributedC.attributedD.construed问题20选项A.uncoverB.discoverC.recoverD.cover【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题

52、:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D第14题:A第15题:B第16题:C第17题:B第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查从句。本句主句painting was one of the earliest ways.（绘画是最早的方式之一），together with副词短语，不是从句的引导词或者是连词，因此这里不能引导一个状语从句，排除A选项和C选项；空格后ritualistic（仪式的；固守仪式的；惯例的）是形容词，要和be动词搭配；句意：和其他起源可能是仪式的活动，但后来被指定为艺术活动(如音乐或舞蹈)。因此D选项正确

53、。第2题:考查动词辨析。seek（寻求；寻找；探索；搜索）做及物动词时，接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，用作不及物动词时，其主动形式含有被动意义，但是本句话表示主动寻求，排除B、C选项；根据主干部分时态was可排除A选项。句意：绘画是人们寻求表现自己个性的最早的方式之一；因此D选项正确。第3题:考查形容词辨析。A选项emergency“紧急的；备用的”；B选项emerging“走向成熟的；新兴的”；C选项merging“合并；融入，融合（merge 的现在分词）”；D选项merger“合并；并购；吸收”；句意：他对物质世界之外存在的领悟。根据空格前his（他的）和空格后understandin

54、g（谅解，理解；理解力；协议）可以判断出空格处应填入一个形容词，排除C选项和D选项。本句表示“对物质世界的领悟，即对物质世界的新兴的理解”；因此B选项正确。第4题:考查介词辨析。A选项As“作为；以身份；当作；像，如同；当时”；B选项Like“像，如同；符合的方式；有的特点；（用于询问）怎么样；例如，好比”；C选项Unlike“不像，和不同；与不同，与相反；非的特征”；D选项Since“自以后；（表示气愤）何曾”；句意：然而，与音乐和舞蹈不同的是，早期的绘画形式一直延续到今天。根据however可以得知此处表示“和不同”；因此C选项正确。第5题:考查介词辨析。A选项for“（表示对象、用途等）

55、给，对；为了；关于；代表”；B选项to“朝；位于；到某处；到某状态；差；给；对于；比”；C选项into“到里面”；D选项from“从起；从开始”；句意：从15000年历史的拉斯科洞穴壁画中，现代人既能获得审美上的满足，也能获得古董收藏家的满足。本句表示“从15000年历史的拉斯科洞穴壁画中”；因此D选项正确。第6题:考查动词辨析。A选项ratify“批准；认可”；B选项certify“证明；保证”；C选项testify“证明，证实；作证”；D选项gratify“使满足；使满意，使高兴”；句意：一些例子证明了这些早期艺术家具有相当强大的绘图能力。本句表示“例子证明了”；因此C选项正确。第7题:考

56、查形式宾语。句意：而绘画，就像其他艺术一样，展示出普遍的品质，使所有国家和文明的观众都容易理解和欣赏。根据前文exhibits universal qualities（展示出普遍的品质）可知C选项和D选项错误；当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义，本句that make it easy for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate中to unders

57、tand and appreciate才是真正的宾语，则要使用形式宾语it，排除B选项；因此A选项正确。第8题:考查形容词辨析。A选项extinct“灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的”；B选项extant“现存的；显著的”；C选项extent“程度；范围；长度”；D选项exterior“外部的，外面的，外在的”；句意：世界上现存的早期绘画作品主要集中在西欧和苏联。由早期绘画作品主要集中在西欧和苏联可以得知B选项最合适；因此B选项正确。第9题:考查时态。句意：但大约5000年前，重要绘画作品的创作地点转移到了地中海东部及周边地区。根据句子成分，此处要填入一个谓语动词，排除C选项；根据句子时态some 5,

58、000 years ago（大约5000年前）以及单词shift是非延续性单词，可知时态是过去时且不能用完成时态；因此B选项正确。第10题:考查逻辑关系。A选项Nevertheless“然而，不过；虽然如此”；B选项Moreover“而且；此外”；C选项Therefore“因此；所以”；D选项However“无论如何；不管怎样”；上文But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed shifted to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighbor

59、ing regions的句意：但大约5000年前，重要绘画作品的创作地点转移到了地中海东部及周边地区。本句句意为：_，西方分享了欧洲的文化传统中东和地中海盆地，以及后来的新世界国家。根据上下文可知空格处应填入表示因果关系的逻辑词；因此C选项正确。第11题:考查固定搭配。concentration on sth.（专注于）。句意为：西方绘画的特点是注重表现根据固定搭配可知空格处应填入on；因此B选项正确。第12题:考查固定搭配。A选项shadow“阴影；影子；幽灵；庇护；隐蔽处”；B选项shape“形状；模型；身材；具体化”；C选项figure“数字；人物；图形；价格；（人的）体形；画像”；D选

60、项form“形式，形状；形态，外形；方式；表格”；固定搭配human figure（人像）。句意为：总的来说，西方绘画的特点是集中表现人物形象，无论是在古代的英雄背景中，还是在早期基督教和中世纪世界的宗教背景中。因此C选项正确。第13题:考查动词辨析。A选项extracted“提取”；B选项extruded“使喷出；使伸出；驱逐”；C选项extorted“敲诈；侵占；强求；牵强地引出”；D选项extended“延长；扩充”；句意为：文艺复兴时期延续了这一传统本句表示“延续传统”，因此D选项正确。第14题:考查形容词辨析。A选项close“接近的；在即的；亲密的；紧密的；全面细致的；几近的；势均力敌的；险些的；剪得很短的；严加防备的；闷热的；吝啬的；闭塞音的”；B选项closing“（非正式）收盘的；（讲话、时段或活动）结束的；结尾的”；C选项closed“关着的；不公开的”；D选项closure“关闭；终止，结束”。句意为：文艺复兴通过对自然世界的仔细考察，延续了这一传统本句表示“仔细的观察，即全面细致的观察”，因此A选项正