2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及模拟押密卷22（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba.问题1选项A.being cultivatedB.been cultivatedC.having cultivatedD.cultivating【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：玉米原产于新大陆，因此直到哥伦布发现古巴在种植玉米，欧洲才知道它的存在。it指玉米，根据玉米被种植确定用被动语态，排除C、D选项；

2、在until引导的时间状语从句中，it是宾语，横线到句尾是宾补，强调被种植的状态，用现在分词的形式，A选项being cultivated符合题意。B选项been cultivated用法错误。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题With school leavers and graduates in China now mainly free to _ in the world of work, the number of young people starting up their own business has increased rapidly.问题1选项A.make their own w

3、ayB.follow their own pathC.lead a happy lifeD.learn a good lesson【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项make their own way“走出自己的路”；B选项follow their own path“跟随自己的路”；C选项lead a happy life“通往幸福的生活”；D选项learn a good lesson“功课学得好，好好上一课”。句意：随着中国的辍学生和毕业生在工作中基本上可以自由_，自主创业的年轻人数量迅速增加。根据语境，这里指的是这些学生可以自己开创自己的道路，A选项make their o

4、wn way“走出自己的路”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 翻译题(1) Educating girls quite possibly outputs a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Womens education may be unusual territory for economists but enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic a

5、s a social issue. And economics with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fall to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution

6、 to the family girls grow up only to many into somebody elses family and bear children. (2) Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their broths are sent to schoolthe prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling tapping women in vicious circle (恶性循环) of neg

7、lect.(3) An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance

8、. (4) The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.(5) Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enorm

9、ous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 percent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginni

10、ng. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.【答案】1. 在发展中国家，教育女孩很可能比其他任何投资都能产生更高的回报率。2. 因此，人们认为女孩不如男孩有价值，女孩被留在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟则被送去上学。这个预言自我应验，让女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。3. 另一方面，受过良好教育的母亲在外挣钱的能力更强，并且面临着完全不同的选择。4. 她女儿受到的教育使下一代女孩更有可能和男孩一样，受到教育并且健康。5. 几乎没有人会对女性受教育具有巨大的社

11、会效益提出异议，而这也具有巨大的经济效益。4. 单选题The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory.问题1选项A.which to base onB.on which to baseC.to be based onD.to base on【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位教授几乎找不到足够的根据来支持他的新理论。根据横线到句尾是对sufficient grounds进行修饰的定语从句，确定用引导词which；根据短语base his

12、arguments on these sufficient，确定用介词on，B选项on which to base正确。A选项which to base on介词和语序错误；C选项to be based on和D选项to base on介词使用错误。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Spy writer John Le Carre hit the _ with his caustic portrayal of the citys mix of dreariness and international intrigue in his 1968 novel, A Small Town in German

13、y.问题1选项A.houseB.homeC.placeD.headline【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项house“房屋”；B选项home“家”；C选项place“地方”；D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”，hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”。句意：间谍作家约翰勒卡雷在1968年出版的小说德国小镇中，以犀利的笔法描写了这个城市的沉闷和国际阴谋。根据语境和词组hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”，D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”符合题意。因此D选项正确。6. 翻译题(1) Stan Belin (斯坦贝林) was born

14、 in the 1930s to an urban family locked in the grip of the Great Depression. His was a fractured family, one in which his parents fought constantly. I lived with a feeling of impending doom, he says. This fear drove him to be a model child.Stan has a vivid memory of once leaning against a bridge rai

15、ling as a boy and gazing at a handsome party boat passing below. He could see people on deck enjoying their outing. (2) It was a scene of comfort and luxury he could hardly have imagined. That mental picture influenced the boys idea of success. His goals became money, power, and prestige.Stan did we

16、ll in school. He found his greatest academic success in his science courses. But he lacked the confidence to pursue a medical career and turned to dentistry as a quicker route to his lifes goals.(3) He married a young woman he had known since high school, and for over 20 years Stan and Jane lived a

17、life that many people would envy. His reputation spread, the money started rolling in and he was appointed to a prestigious position by his state government. Two healthy children were born.(4) The family had a magnificent house, expensive automobiles and took exotic vacations.The crowning touch for

18、Stan came when he bought a luxury yacht and sailed to the bridge where, as a child, he had first glimpsed what he hoped would be his future. “I told Jane the story,” he says. (5) “As I spoke, I realized that something was all wrong. I possessed everything I had ever dreamed of, but I felt very sad a

19、nd hopeless. What was worse, I knew it would never change.”Then in the early 1980s, a doctor friend invited Stan to dinner. The friend said he had been using cocaine as an antidepressant. He described it as a marvelous no addictive drug. Stan decided the drug might be just right for his own depressi

20、on.【答案】1. 斯坦贝林出生于20世纪30年代一个陷入经济大萧条困境之中的城市家庭。2. 这种舒适与奢侈的情景是他无法想象的。这一情景铭刻在他的脑海里，影响着他对成功的看法。3. 他娶了一位中学时代就认识的女子为妻，20多年来，他和妻子简过着令人称羡的生活。4. 他们有华丽的住宅和昂贵的汽车，还常常出国度假。5. 说话时，我忽然意识到情况很不对劲。我已拥有曾经梦寐以求的一切，但却感到悲伤无望。更糟糕的是，我知道这种状况将永远不会改变。7. 翻译题This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think if you c

21、ould hear what the average man thinks of the average woman! Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. (1) They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in alm

22、ost every field. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species. (2) The

23、hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over.On the surface, the comments made by men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt th

24、at men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. (3) We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs (疯子). But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded

25、 in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all th

26、ese fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.(4) Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women cant do. Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called “rights”. Even i

27、n otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women havent even been given the cote.The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their

28、own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. (5) You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries.【答案】1. 她们一再证明自己几乎在所有领域都与男性平等，甚至往往优于

29、男性。2. 这场为获得认可而进行的艰苦斗争已经取得胜利，但远未结束。3. 众所周知，女性发生的事故比男性少得多。因为她们开车非常认真负责，不会像疯子一样没有理智。4. 然而，男性仍然坚持认定许多工作女性做不了的假象。5. 可以肯定的是，如果允许女性坐在会议桌旁，在这个男性已经失败了几个世纪的地方，女性会如往常一样取得辉煌的成功。8. 单选题The German Governments long-planned return to its historic capital is in full _ this summer, almost 10 years after the fall of th

30、e Berlin Wall.问题1选项A.gearB.speedC.rateD.move【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项gear“齿轮；（特定用途的）器械”；B选项speed“（发生或进行的）速度，进度”，full speed“全速（或全力）向前”；C选项rate“速度；比率”；D选项move“行动”。句意：在柏林墙倒塌近10年后的今年夏天，德国政府计划已久的重返历史上的首都的计划_。根据语境，这里指的是全力推动计划，结合词组full speed“全速（或全力）向前”，B选项speed“（发生或进行的）速度，进度”符合题意。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题This mountai

31、n range has many high _ and fertile valleys.问题1选项A.peaksB.hillsC.phasesD.pink【答案】B【解析】【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项peaks“山顶；顶峰”；B选项hills“山丘；（道路的）斜坡”；C选项phases“阶段”；D选项pink“粉红色”。句意：这条山脉有许多高_和肥沃的山谷。根据语境，这里指的是这条山脉包含了许多座山，B选项hills“山丘”符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Your _ in teaching is different from mine.问题1选项A.altitude

32、B.approachC.fuelD.lump【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项altitude“海拔高度”；B选项approach“（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法，态度”；C选项fuel“燃料”；D选项lump“（通常为无定形的）块”。句意：你的_和我的不同。根据语境，这里指的是两人在某方面不同，B选项approach“（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法，态度”符合题意。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题The wind _ the clouds and the sun was again visible.问题1选项A.dispersedB.distributedC.displ

33、acedD.displayed【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispersed“使分散；驱散”；B选项distributed“分发；散布”；C选项displaced“取代；移动”；D选项displayed“陈列；表露（特点、素质、情感）”。句意：风_云，又看得见太阳了。根据语境，这里指风把云吹散，A选项dispersed“使分散；驱散”符合题意。因此A选项正确。12. 单选题A beam of light will not bend round the corners unless _ to do so with the help of a reflecting devic

34、e.问题1选项A.to be madeB.having madeC.being doneD.made【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：一束光除非借助反射装置，否则不会沿拐角弯曲。unless在表示“除非”时，如其引导的从句谓语是be动词，而从句的主语跟主句的主语相同时，从句的主语和be动词就可省略。有时从句中主语为it时，也可省略it或从句中的有关成分。在这里unless引导省略了成份的状语从句，unless it is made to do so with the help of a reflecting device是完整的从句。去掉it is后D选项made正确。选项符合

35、题意。因此D选项正确。13. 翻译题Parents of wailing babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussi

36、ng, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.(1) Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive crying,” said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at D

37、isneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys sho

38、w that this variation is partly based on genes.Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. (2) But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long,

39、 however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. (3) Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements.Some biologists

40、have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment.The babies of rhesus macaque monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even mo

41、re around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,” said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago, (4) “Bu

42、t as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.”Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. “Ch

43、imps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,” Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.”Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the crie

44、s of human babies. “All primate infants cry,” Maestripieri said. (5) “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own.”【答案】1. 有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。2. 但说到基因方面的原因，你可能会认为自然选择会倾向于吵闹的孩子的基因，因为他们会得到更多的关注。3. 因此，有的进化生物学家提出，自然选择会倾向于所谓的诚实宣传。4. 但随着叫声越来越多，母亲的反应也越来越少，因为她们开始怀疑哭声的

45、真实性。所以婴儿的嗷叫随之变少。5. “这是一种非常保守的行为。这不是人类自己进化出来的。”14. 单选题Dont worry about him; I dont think he comes into the _ at all.问题1选项A.pictureB.sightC.fileD.case【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项picture“图片（comes into the picture 牵连进去）”；B选项sight“视力（comes into the sight 进入视线）”；C选项file“文件夹”；D选项case“具体情况，事例”。句意：不要担心他；我认为他根本没

46、有_。根据语境和固定搭配，A选项picture比较符合语境，意思指我认为这件事与他无关，所以不用担心他会出什么事。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题That is a _ point of view. I dont agree with you.问题1选项A.crystalB.proteinC.unionD.conservative【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项crystal“水晶”；B选项protein“蛋白质的”；C选项union“联合”；D选项conservative“保守的”。句意：这观点很_。我不同意你的看法。根据语境，D选项conservative“保守的”搭配po

47、int of view比较合理，意思指这个观点非常保守，符合题意。因此D选项正确。16. 单选题In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them decided to drop out of American society and form their own societies. They form

48、ed utopian communities, which they called “communes”, where they could follow their philosophy of “do your own thing”. A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called “Drop City”. Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome-shaped houses from

49、 pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Keseys Merry Pranksters, the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm became famous when the y helped organize the Woo

50、dstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskins followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana (大麻).Not all communes believed in the philosophy of “do your own thing”. However, Twin Oaks, a commune founded i

51、n Virginia in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinners “conditioning” techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopi

52、an city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an “archeology”. Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1. Why did some young Americans decide to “drop out” of society during the 1960s?2. Where did the member

53、s of the Hog Farm commune live?3. Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to build dome-shaped house?4. What was the Twin Oaks commune based on?5. What is an “archeology”?问题1选项A.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.B.They did not want all people to be equal.C.They were not satisfied with American

54、society.D.They wanted to grow marijuana.问题2选项A.On a farm in Tennessee.B.In an archeology in Arizona.C.In dome-shaped house.D.In old school houses.问题3选项A.Steve Gaskin.B.Buckminster Fuller.C.Paolo Soleri.D.B.G. Skinner.问题4选项A.The ideas of a psychologist.B.The belief that people must live closely toget

55、her.C.The philosophy of do you own thing.D.Virginia in the late 1960s.问题5选项A.A city in Arizona.B.A technique to control people.C.A person who studies archaeology.D.A large building where people live closely together.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句In the 1960s, many you

56、ng Americans were dissatisfied with American society.（20世纪60年代，许多美国年轻人对美国社会感到不满。）和第三句Some of them decided to drop out of American society and form their own societies.（他们中的一些人决定退出美国社会，组成自己的社会。），可知是因为不满美国社会，所以退出，C选项“他们不满意美国社会”正确。A选项“他们想参加越南战争”和B选项“他们不希望所有的人都是平等的”：根据第一段第二句They wanted to end the Vietna

57、m War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal.（他们想结束越南战争，让所有美国人平等。），可知他们希望战争停止，也希望人人平等。D选项“他们想种植大麻”：根据第一段最后一句Steve Gaskins followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana.（Steve Gaskin的追随者试图在田纳西州的

58、一个农场定居，但由于该组织的一些成员因种植大麻被捕，他们不得不离开。），可知种植大麻不是退出社会的原因。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第三句a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States（这个团体自称“the Hog Farm”的团体，住在旧学校房子里，周游美国），可知D选项“在旧学校房子里”正确。A选项“在田纳西州的农场”：根据第一段最后一句Steve Gaskins followers

59、tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee（Steve Gaskin的追随者试图在田纳西州的一个农场定居），可知这是Steve Gaskin的追随者而非“the Hog Farm”。B选项“在亚利桑那州的古迹”C选项“在圆顶的房子里”：根据第一段第五、六句A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called “Drop City”they built dome-shaped houses from pieces of old cars.（一群艺术家在科罗拉多州南部建立了一个名

60、为“Drop City”的公社他们用旧汽车的碎片建造了圆顶状的房子。），可知这里指的是“Drop City”而非“the Hog Farm”。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第六句Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome-shaped houses from pieces of old cars.（按照哲学家和建筑师Buckminster Fuller的想法，他们用旧汽车的碎片建造了圆顶状的房子。），可知B选项“Buckminste

61、r Fuller”正确。A选项“Steve Gaskin”，C选项“Paolo Soleri”和D选项“B.G. Skinner”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virginia in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner.（Twin Oaks社区在20世纪60年代末于弗吉尼亚州成立，它基于心理学家B.F.Skinner的想法。），可知A选项“心理学家的想法”正确。B选项“人们必须紧

62、密生活在一起的信念”，C选项“做自己的事情的哲学”和D选项“60年代末的弗吉尼亚”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。根据文章倒数第二句a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an “archeology”（一个乌托邦城市亚利桑那，在这里2500人将紧密地生活在一个叫做“archeology”大建筑物里），可知这个乌托邦城市地点在亚利桑那，在“archeology”中人们紧密地生活在一起，D选项“人们住在一

63、起的巨大建筑”正确，A选项“亚利桑那州的一个城市”错误。B选项“一种控制人的技巧”和C选项“研究考古学的人”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。17. 单选题The director was critical_ the way we were doing the work.问题1选项A.ofB.withC.atD.in【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：主任对我们工作的方式提出了批评。be critical of sb./sth.“对某人/某事批判”，A选项of符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。18. 单选题Parliament met _ for decades in a former water works because West Germans insisted that Bonn was only a provisional capitalpending the governments r