2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第86期

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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题What he had in mind （ ） to nothing less than a total reversal of the traditional role of the executive.问题1选项A.contributedB.dedicatedC.amountedD.added【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contribute“贡献；投稿；捐献”；B选项dedicate“致力；献身”；C选项amount“总计；相当于”；D选项add“增加，添加”。句意：他脑子里想的东西完全颠覆了传统意

2、义上的角色执行官。此题应注意题干中的“nothing less than完全是”，可推知“相当于”符合语境，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题James Henry Smith was a _Manchester United fan in life, and even death could not keep him from his favorite spot in a recliner, in front of a TV showing his beloved team in action.问题1选项A.zealousB.giganticC.convertibleD.imperial【答案】A

3、【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“zealous”意为“热心的，热情的，积极的”；B选项“gigantic”意为“巨大的，庞大的”；C选项“convertible”意为“可改变的；同意义的；可交换的”；D选项“imperial”意为“帝国的；皇帝的；至高无上的；威严的”。句意：詹姆斯亨利史密斯生前是一个狂热的曼联球迷，即使是死亡也无法阻止他坐在躺椅上，在电视机前观看他心爱的球队的比赛。由题干可知，即使是死亡也无法阻止他观看心爱球队的比赛，这说明他是个非常狂热的球迷。因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang i

4、n（ ）for the shooting last week.问题1选项A.revengeB.reserveC.reverseD.remedial【答案】A【解析】考查名词和形容词辨析。A选项revenge“报复；替报仇”；B选项reserve“储备；自然保护区；预备队；储备金”；C选项reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D选项remedial“治疗的；补救的；矫正的”。句意：据说他是被敌对帮派射杀，为上周的枪击案复仇。由关键词“shooting枪击”可推知“报复”符合语境，因此A选项正确。4. 单选题During the summer holiday season there are no

5、（ ）rooms in this seaside hotel.问题1选项A.emptyB.blankC.desertedD.vacant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项empty“空的；无意义的；无知的；徒劳的”，一般指可容纳人或者物的容器还未容纳进去；B选项blank“空白的；空虚的；单调的”，一般指表面无字迹的；C选项deserted“荒芜的；被遗弃的；无人居住的”；D选项vacant“空的；空缺的；空闲的”，多侧重于指某个位置没有人居住或者占用导致空闲的。由本句关键词“rooms”（房间）可知，这里是指没有空余的房间，所以与vacant相对应。句意：在夏季假期期间，这家海滨旅馆没

6、有空房了。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that _in pictures from space.问题1选项A.stands forB.stands byC.stands upD.stands out【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“stands for”意为“代表；意味着”；B选项“stands by”意为“支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边”；C选项“stands up”意为“站起来；坚持；竖立；

7、站得住脚；拥护”；D选项“stands out”意为“突出；杰出；坚持到底；坚决反对”。句意：人们常常想知道地球是如何从一个炙热、狂暴的诞生演变成这个著名的含水星球，并从太空照片中脱颖而出的。由题干可知，in pictures from space（在太空照片中），说明从太空层面来看，地球与其他星球截然不同，是个含水的星球，由此脱颖而出。因此D选项符合题意。6. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on the Answer Sheet.We cannot accept the growing threat p

8、osed by climate change, which could forever damage the world that we pass on to our children, sowing conflict and famine, destroying coastlines and emptying cities. And thats why all nations must now accept their share of responsibility for transforming the way that we use energy.We cant accept a wo

9、rld in which more people are denied opportunity and dignity that all people yearn for: the ability to get an education and make a decent living, the security that you wont have to live in fear of disease or violence without hope for the future.I know these challenges can be met, so long as its recog

10、nized that they will not be met by one person or one nation alone. This award is not simply about the efforts of my administration; its about the courageous efforts of people around the world.【答案】我们不能接受气候变化造成的日益严重的威胁，那可能会永久性地损害我们传给子孙后代的这个世界。我们不能播下冲突和饥荒的种子，摧毁海岸线，使城市萧条。这就是为什么我们所有国家现在必须承担各自的责任，改变我们使用能源

11、的方式。我们不能接受一个更多人被剥夺机会和尊严的世界，这种人人渴望的机会和尊严就是：能够接受教育，能够过上体面的生活，有安全感，即你不必在疾病或者暴力恐怖的担忧中没有希望地生活。我知道这些挑战是可以应对的，只要人们认识到这些挑战不会由一个人或一个国家单独应对。这个奖项不仅仅是我政府的努力，而是全世界人民的勇敢努力。7. 单选题With the development of sophisticated instruments, earthquake will become predictable.问题1选项A.advancedB.delicateC.dedicatedD.difficult【答案

12、】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated“复杂的；先进的；久经世故的；富有经验的”；A选项advanced“先进的；晚期的；年老的”；B选项delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；C选项dedicated“专用的；专注的；献身的”；D选项difficult“困难的；不随和的；执拗的”。句意：随着精密仪器的发展，地震将成为可预测的。题干指出“earthquake will become predictable地震将会成为可预测的”可推测出sophisticated在这里有“先进的”的意思，因此A选项正确。8. 单选题Was it the prosperity of an

13、 acquisitive society prepared to forsake children, or the depression which accounted for the inter-war population trends?问题1选项A.inquisitiveB.curiousC.greedyD.abnormal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。acquisitive“贪婪的；想获得的”；A选项inquisitive“好奇的；好问的”；B选项curious“好奇的，有求知欲的；古怪的”；C选项greedy“贪婪的；贪吃的”；D选项abnormal“反常的，不规则的；变态的”。

14、句意：是一个准备抛弃孩子的贪婪社会的繁荣，还是萧条导致了战争期间的人口趋势？acquisitive的动词形式为acquire，而acquire有“获得”的意思，可推测出acquisitive在这里有“贪婪的”的意思，因此C选项正确。9. 单选题I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of narrow-minded prejudice.问题1选项A.lesseningB.reflectingC.removingD.increasing【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。diminish（其现在分词为diminishing）

15、“使减少；使变小”；A选项lessen（其现在分词为lessening）“减少；使缩小，使减轻”；B选项reflect（其现在分词为 reflecting）“反映；反射；反省”；C选项remove（其现在分调为removing）“移动，迁移；调动”；D选项increase（其现在分词为increasing）“增加，加大”。句意：我发现这对于减少狭隘的偏见非常有益。根据句中“very profitable非常有利可图”与“the intensity of narrow-minded prejudice偏见的强度”可知diminish在这里的意思为“减少”，因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Many

16、people think of deserts as（ ）regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.问题1选项A.remoteB.virginC.alienD.barren【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项remote“遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的”；B选项virgin“纯洁的；未经利用的，处于原始状态的”；C选项alien“外国的；性质不同的；不相容的”；D选项barren“贫瘠的；不生育的；无益的”。句意：尽管很多人认为沙漠是不生育的地区，但是许多动植物物种却已适应了那里的生

17、活。由关键词“deserts沙漠”的对应知“不生育的”符合语境，因此D选项正确。11. 单选题No clear-cut distinction can be draw between professionals and amateurs in science. （ ） the word amateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community.问题1选项A.NeverthelessB.ThenC.BesidesD.As a re

18、sult【答案】A【解析】考查副词和词组辨析。A选项nevertheless“然而，不过”；B选项then“然后；于是”；C选项besides“此外；而且”；D选项as a result“结果；因此”。句意：在科学领域，专业人士和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线。然而，“业余”一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界。由题干中的“does carry a connotation确实暗示着”可知与前面存在转折关系，因此A选项正确。12. 单选题Africa and South American are moving away from each other as new material

19、is（ ）into the floor between them.问题1选项A.dejectedB.ejectedC.injectedD.projected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deject“使沮丧；使灰心”；B选项eject“喷射；驱逐， 逐出”；C选项inject“注入；注射”；D选项project“计划；发射；放映”。句意：随着新材料被注入到非洲和南美之间的地板上，它们正在相互远离，因此C选项正确。13. 不定项选择题It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state

20、 of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of

21、 the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost

22、 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and live it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, bli

23、tz every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts o

24、f apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the

25、 arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time, its effects are still being debated. The i

26、nformation revolution will touch every facet of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as weve known it.1. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is（ ）.2. The a

27、uthors biggest concern is（ ）.3. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is（ ）.4. The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is（ ）.5. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels（ ）.问题1选项A.rather bleakB.very impressiveC.fairl

28、y brightD.quite encouraging问题2选项A.elementary school childrens disinterest in reading classicsB.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.SC.the musical setting American readers require for readingD.the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class问题3选项A.their fondness of music and TV

29、 programsB.their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC.their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD.their inability to focus on conflicting input问题4选项A.to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB.to analyze its essential featuresC.to think it over conscientiouslyD.to make a fair

30、 appraisal of its artistic value问题5选项A.upsetB.alarmedC.uncertainD.pessimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第二句“27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that sufficient to survive in our society. 2700万美国人根本不能进行阅读，还有3500万美国人的阅读水平足以在我们的社会

31、中生存。”可知A项“相当凄凉的”与原文相符。B项“令人印象深刻”；C项“非常有希望的”；D项“非常令人鼓舞”。因此A选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句“But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillin

32、gness to afford those spaces of silence 但是，今天我自己所担心的，与其说是基本识字这一压倒一切的问题，还不如说是一个稍微奢侈一点的问题：甚至是中产阶级读者的阅读技能在下降，他们不愿给自己留出沉默的空间”可知D项“中产阶级的阅读能力和阅读行为”与原文相符。A项“小学生对阅读经典名著不感兴趣”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“美国社会读写能力出奇的低”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“美国读者需要阅读的音乐背景”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第四句“This violation of concentration, sil

33、ence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration. 这种对专注、沉默和孤独的侵犯触及了我们对识字概念的核心；这种在背景干扰下的部分阅读、部分感知的新形式，使得某些基本的理解和集中行为变得不可能”可知C项“

34、他们缺乏专注和基本理解”与原文相符。A项“他们喜欢音乐和电视节目”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“他们对各种形式的艺术和文学的忽视”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“他们不能专注于相冲突的信息”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段倒数第三行中“let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain,

35、by heart; the expression is vital. 更不用说对一首他或她真正喜欢的诗歌或散文最重要的赞颂了，那就是把它熟记在心。不是靠头脑，而是靠记忆；这种表达方式至关重要。”可知A项“为了能够欣赏它并记住它”与原文相符。B项“分析其本质特征”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“认真考虑它”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“对其艺术价值做出公正的评价”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第5题:观点态度题。由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to

36、 the book as weve known it. 在图书行业中，没有人可以自信地说出我们所知晓的图书的未来将是什么。”可知C项“不确定的”正确。A项“不安的”；B项“担心的”；D项“悲观的”。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题Scientists are（ ）certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the blood of the shark.问题1选项A.dubiouslyB.virtuallyC.queerlyD.randomly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项dubiously“怀疑地；可疑地”；B选项virtuall

37、y“事实上，几乎”；C选项queerly“奇怪地；奇妙地”；D选项randomly“随便地，任意地；无目的地”。句意：科学家们几乎确信鲨鱼的血中有一种抗癌物质。“virtually certain几乎确信”符合语境，因此B选项正确。15. 单选题Excellent elementary schools, open attitudes toward new technology, premiums for inventions, and a genius for creative thinking interact with each other on the US mainland and p

38、roduce the American characteristic, （ ）.问题1选项A.emanationB.emulsionC.emulationD.emancipation【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项emanation“发出，散发”；B选项emulsion“乳剂；乳液”；C选项emulation“仿真；效仿；竞争”；D选项emancipation“解放；释放”。句意：在美国本土，优秀的小学教育、对新技术的开放态度、对发明的奖励，以及空间思维天赋相互作用，造就了美国人的特征竞争。因此C选项正确。16. 单选题It is anticipated that this contra

39、ct will substantially increase sales over the next three years.问题1选项A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。substantially“实质上；充分地；大幅地”；A选项apparently“显然地；似乎，表面上”；B选项slightly“些微地，轻微地”；C选项considerably“相当多地；非常地”；D选项steadily“稳定地；稳固地”。句意：预计该合同将在未来三年内大幅增加销售额。根据句中“increase sales增加销售额”可

40、知substantially在这里的意思为“大幅地”，因此C选项相当多地正确。17. 单选题Since his loyal supporters are all entrenched in powerful and key positions, to overturn his military regime will not be an easy thing.问题1选项A.estrangeB.emergedC.fixedD.lingered【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。entrench“确立，牢固；挖掘”；A选项estrange“使疏远；离间”；B选项emerge“浮现；摆脱；暴露”的现在分

41、词；C选项fix“使牢固；修理；安装；固定”；D选项linger“徘徊；苟延残喘”。句意：由于他忠实的支持者都牢固地处于强有力且关键的位置，所以去推翻他的军事政权将不是一件容易的事情。题干说到“to overturn his military regime will not be an easy thing去推翻他的军事政权将不是一件容易的事情”，可知entrench在这里有“牢固”的意思，因此C选项正确。18. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on t

42、he Answer Sheet II.在哥本哈根会议遇到困难，许多国家领导人准备打道回府的时候，我坚持同各方斡旋，与各国共同努力，最终达成哥本哈根协议。这个成果是来之不易的，也是在涉及各国重大利益问题上可能取得的最好成果。哥本哈根会议结束以后，1月份我就致函联合国秘书长和丹麦首相，坚定地表示，中国高度评价和支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场。就在最近，我们又致函联合国，表示我们全面支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场，并且申明中国列入支持哥本哈根协议的名单国。为什么总拿中国做文章？我至今不明白。气候变化问题关系到人类的生存，也关系到各国的利益，关系到世界的公平和正义。我们坚持“共同但有个别的责任”原则是完全正确

43、的，我们将继续同世界各国一同推进应对气候变化的进程。【答案】When the Copenhagen Conference ran into difficulties and many world leaders were ready to go home, I insisted on working with all parties and other countries to reach an agreement in Copenhagen. This result is hard-won, and it is the best that can be achieved on issues

44、that affect the interests of all countries.After the Copenhagen Conference, I wrote letters to the UN Secretary-General and the Danish Prime Minister in January, firmly stating that China highly values and supports the Copenhagen Conference resolution. Just recently, we wrote to the United Nations,

45、expressing our full support for the Copenhagen Conference resolution and affirming Chinas inclusion in the list of countries supporting the Copenhagen Accord.Why do you always make an issue of China? I still dont understand. Climate change concerns not only the survival of mankind, but also the inte

46、rests of all countries and the fairness and justice of the world. It is entirely correct for us to adhere to the principle of “common but separate responsibilities”. We will continue to work with other countries to tackle climate change.19. 单选题There were incessant demands for the resignation of the

47、Georgian president from the office for his inefficient running of state affairs.问题1选项A.occasionalB.temporaryC.continuousD.intermittent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词incessant意为“不断的；连续的”；A选项“occasional”意为“偶然的，临时的”；B选项“temporary”意为“暂时的，临时的”；C选项“continuous”意为“连续的，持续的；继续的”；D选项“intermittent”意为“间歇的；断断续续的”。句意：由于格鲁吉亚

48、总统管理国家事务效率低下，不断有人要求他辞职。由题干可知，his inefficient running of state affairs（他管理国家事务效率低下），所以可以推测出让他辞职的要求应该是持续不断的，由此可推知incessant在这里是“不断的”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。20. 不定项选择题Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating m

49、edieval figures. He has been described as creature and symbol of the age of chivalry. In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its fame. When Richards contemporaries called him “Coeur de Lion” (The Lion Heart), they paid a lasting compli

50、ment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years reign; yet his memory has always been in English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries

51、 the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of bravery as well as in large schemes of war, Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped, strong in nerve and muscles. He rejoiced in personal combat; and bore no ill-will against his opponents. He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or

52、political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this, his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.Although a man

53、of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous or habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed; in war careful in design and skilful in execution; in politics a child, lacking in tactic and experience. His political alliances w

54、ere formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military genius were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms, he was easily persuaded t

55、o share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have failed the French Kings artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended,

56、 left only an empty plain.In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful qualify: a grou

57、p of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, he rode daringly, nea

58、r the wall, confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was worsened by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldiers debt. He prepared for death with cou

59、rage and calm and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or gave them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear faithfulness to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fetal bo

60、lt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-s

61、econd year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland as another hero of martial romance at some Eternal Round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.The archer was skinned aliv

62、e.1.“Little did the English people owe him for his service” (Paragraph 1) means that the English（ ）.2. To say that his life was a “magnificent parade” (Paragraph 2) implies that it was to some extent （ ）.3. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was （ ）.4. Which of the following phras

63、e best describes Richard as seen by the author?5. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that（ ）.问题1选项A.paid few taxes to himB.gave him little respectC.received little protection from himD.had no real cause to feel grateful to him问题2选项A.spent chiefly at warB.impressive and admirableC.lived too