2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷58（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Sams close （ ）to his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.accuracyB.confusionC.probabilityD.resemblance【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。accuracy“精确性”；confusion“混乱”；probability “可能性”； resemblance“相似”。句意：Sam跟他兄弟长得很像，人们经常把他们弄混。D项符合题意，答案D2. 单选题There is no beer le

2、ft and the pubs are shut so youll have to （ ）it.问题1选项A.go forB.go throughC.go offD.go without【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。go for “主张，拥护”； go through“仔细检查”； go off “离开，进行”； go without “没有”。句意：这里没有啤酒了，且酒吧也关门，所以你没有啤酒喝了。由上下文语义可知D项正确。答案D3. 单选题Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one

3、out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e. worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago being employed meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class perso

4、n with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our workin

5、g population, growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of

6、very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist, trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they

7、 all have employee-ship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employee-ship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee rather than b

8、ecause they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.1.It is implied t

9、hat fifty years ago（ ）.2.According to the passage, with the development of modern industry,（ ）.3.According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is（ ）.4.From the passage it can be seen that employee-ship helps one（ ）.问题1选项A.eighty percent of American working people were employed in factorie

10、sB.twenty per cent of intellectuals were employeesC.the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD.the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers问题2选项A.factory laborers will overtake inte

11、llectual employees in numberB.there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborersC.employers have attached great importance to factory laborersD.the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreased问题3选项A.less important than awareness of being a good employeeB.as

12、 important as the ability to deal with public relationsC.more important than employer-employee relationsD.as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization问题4选项A.to be more successful in his careerB.to solve technical problemsC.to be more specialized in his fieldD.to develop

13、his professional skill【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由“when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring

14、 intellectual and technical skills. 50年前，“受雇”意味着当工厂工人或农场工人，而今天的雇员越来越多地是受过正规教育的中产阶级，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。”可知50年前受雇人群以工人为主，技术类人才较少。故D项正确。C项原文内容不符，AB项文中未提及。答案D第2题:细节事实题。由第段中“middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population, growing so fast that the in

15、dustrial worker has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production. 中产阶级和上层阶级雇员一直是我国劳动人口中增长最快的群体，其增长速度如此之快，以至于尽管工业生产在扩大，但工人在数量上的重要性却在下降。”可知知识分子雇员的数量增多，而工业工人的数量减少。故D项正确。第3题:细节事实题。由第二段中 And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employee-sh

16、ip is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. 越来越多的人，尤其是在大企业或政府部门，员工关系比特殊的专业知识或技能对成功更重要。可知A项“专业技能或知识没有员工关系重要”是对原文的同义转换。故A项正确。第4题:推理判断题。由第二段中“the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on abilit

17、y to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge. 你爬得越高，就越会从事行政或执行工作，就越强调在组织内工作的能力，而不是技术能力或专业知识。”可知在公司内部良好的工作关系能使人们的职业生涯更成功。答案A4. 单选题Since Tom was （ ）from the burden that had been imposed on him, he began toconcentrate more on his own interest.问题1选项A.exi

18、ledB.exemptedC.expectedD.executed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。 exile “放逐，流放”； exempt“免除，豁免”； be exempted from “被免除”； expect “期望”；execute “实行”。 句意：自从曾经加在他身上的担子被移除后，Tom开始更专注于自己的兴趣。由后半句“Tom开始专注于自己的兴趣”可知B项正确，答案B5. 单选题Now that spring is here, you can （ ）these fur coats till you need them again next winter.问题1选项A.put

19、overB.put awayC.put offD.put down【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。put over “推迟，驶过”；put away “放好，把收好”；put off “推迟，拖延”；put down “放下，记下”。 句意：春天来了，你可以把这些皮外套给收起来，直到来年冬天再拿出来。B项符合句意。答案B6. 单选题Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by the university to take in（ ）.问题1选项A.lodgersB.resident

20、sC.settlersD.inhabitants【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。lodger 房客；residents 居民；settler 移民； inhabitant 居民。句意：附近只有少数被挑选的女房东被该大学允许租房给学生。A项符合句意，答案A。7. 单选题The（ ）in Janets character has hindered her from advancement in her career.问题1选项A.weaknessB.meritC.defectD.shortcoming【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。weakness“弱点，嗜好”；defect“不足，缺陷”；sho

21、rtcoming“缺点，短处”； merit“优点”。句意：詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业的进步。由hinder “阻碍”可知性格方面的不足阻碍了她的进步。只有C符合题意。答案C8. 单选题A large portion of the population prefers the non-medication orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to soc

22、ial workers or other non-medical therapists. There is little question that psychologists prescription privileges could have profound effects on the future direction of their profession.In addition to improved esteem, psychologists have argued that prescription privileges will bring them greater fina

23、ncial rewards. Data presented by the American Psychiatric Association revealed that psychiatrists engaging solely in psycho-therapeutic interventions earn approximately one-third of what psychiatrists do who evaluate and medicate patients. The temptation of financial rewards may lure psychologists t

24、o abandon traditional psychotherapeutic interventions in favor of a medical model. It should be noted,though, that psychologists are out-producing psychiatrists by about threefold, strong evidence that the general public prefers a psycho-therapeutic approach over a medical one.Some psychologists arg

25、ue that gaining the right to prescribe psychotropic medication would eliminate the need for two practitioners and alleviate the added financial burden placed upon the patients. In the case of psychologists whose caseloads are high gaining prescription privileges may raise questions as to whether the

26、y should refer patients to a non-prescribing mental health professional for therapy because these psychologists increasingly are focusing on evaluations and medication, thus limiting their time for psycho-therapeutic interventions. Psychotropic medications are not purported to cure mental disorders

27、and. in most cases, such drugs are utilized in conjunction with therapy as the best approach to treating patients.Legal and ethical issues associated with psychologists prescribing privileges will depend upon the level of practice they pursue. In the past, psychologists had been relatively immune fr

28、om malpractice liability. Allegations that improper care caused injury are more difficult to prove when psychotherapy is the treatment of choice because the standards often are ambiguous and mental injury is difficult to ascertain. When psychopharmacology is the treatment of choice, the standard of

29、care is clearer and the likelihood of physical harm is greater, thereby making ii easier for plaintiffs to prove their allegations. Psychiatric malpractice rates currently are up to 24 times higher than psychological malpractice coverage, depending upon the state.1.The author mentioned data presente

30、d by the American Psychiatric Association I (Paragraph 2) in order to（ ）.2.It seems that if psychologists began prescribing medications（ ）.3.Malpractice allegations would increase once psychologists gained the right to prescribe because（ ）.4.The author implies that（ ）.问题1选项A.point out the merit of t

31、he psychologists prescription privilegesB.cite authoritative evidence to gain support for medical treatmentC.show why some psychologists are in favor of gaining the right to prescribeD.indicate the different situation for two practitioners问题2选项A.they would have more patients and get more financial r

32、ewardsB.they would find out the best approach to curing mental disordersC.many of their patients would shoulder more financial burdenD.many of their patients would prefer traditional psycho-therapeutic interventions.问题3选项A.medical drugs might cause greater mental injuryB.patients would be more likel

33、y to get physical harmC.clients would find it easier to prove injury caused by improper careD.psychologists would no longer be immune from prosecution问题4选项A.the general public shows more respect for those psychologists who seldom medicate patientsB.psychologists prescription privileges remain a disp

34、utable issueC.most psychiatrists are satisfied with their earningsD.psychotherapy should be the first choice to treat mental diseases【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由“In addition to improved esteem, psychologists have argued that prescription privileges will bring them greater financial reward

35、s. 除了提高自尊，心理学家认为，处方特权会给他们带来更大的经济回报。”可知一些心理医生更希望获得处方权是因为这能给他们带来更多的钱财报酬。之后作者用数据论证该论点。答案C第2题:细节事实题。“If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non-medical therapists. 如果心理学家开始开药，许多寻求替代治疗的患者可能会转向社会工作者或其他非医疗治疗

36、师。”可知D项正确。第3题:细节事实题。从第四段“When psychopharmacology is the treatment of choice, the standard of care is clearer and the likelihood of physical harm is greater, thereby making it easier for plaintiffs to prove their allegations. Psychiatric malpractice rates currently are up to 24 times higher than psyc

37、hological malpractice coverage, depending upon the state. 当人们选择精神药物学治疗时，护理标准更清晰，身体伤害的可能性更大，从而使原告更容易证明他们的指控。根据各州的情况，精神科医疗事故的发生率比精神科医疗事故的覆盖率高24倍。”可知当心理学家获得处方权，即成为精神药物学家时，医疗事故的指控会增多，因为人们更容易找到由于护理不当对身体造成的伤害的控诉证据。故C项正确。第4题:主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段提到了如果心理医生获得开处方的权利，那么将会对这种职业产生深远影响，并且指出大部分人喜欢传统的心理疗法，而非药物治疗。第三段提到了药物治

38、疗的好处，最后一段提到了药物治疗的弊端即造成医疗事故的控诉不断增多。故作者认为药物治疗是存在争议的。B项正确。ACD三项在文中都未提及。9. 单选题The Governments policies will come under close （ ）in the weeks before the election.问题1选项A.appreciationB.scrutinyC.specificationD.apprehension【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。appreciation “欣赏，感谢”； scrutiny “审查，细看”；specification“规格，说明书”； apprehe

39、nsion“理解”。句意：选举前的几周，政府的政策将会接受详细审查。由Governments policies及close “严密的”可知B项“审查”能与之搭配。答案B10. 单选题Since John has such an （ ）to flying, I am certain that he will not want to go to Britain with us.问题1选项A.aviationB.aviatorC.aversionD.avocation【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation “航空，飞行术”； aviator “飞行员”； aversion “厌恶，反感”

40、；avocation “副业，业余爱好”。句意：既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机，那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C11. 单选题I would never have （ ）a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.问题1选项A.sought forB.accounted forC.turned upD.resorted to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。seek for“寻求，追求”；account for“对做出解释”；turn up “出现，发生”；resort to “依靠，求助于，诉诸”。句意：如果我没到如此绝望的

41、地步，我是不会诉诸法律的。根据前后句意可知D项符合，答案D12. 单选题It is a(n) （ ）that the French eat so much rich food and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease.问题1选项A.analogyB.paradoxC.correlationD.illusion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。 analogy “类比”；paradox“悖论，反论”；correlation “相关，关联”；illusion “幻觉，错觉”。句意：法国人吃很多油腻的东西，但心脏病的发病率却比较低，这是一种

42、很矛盾的现象。根据前后句句意及yet表转折可知，B项符合句意，答案B。13. 单选题In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the （ ）concern of state government.问题1选项A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。extinct “灭绝的，熄灭的”； excluding “排除，除外”；excessive “过多的，极度的”； exclusive“独有的，排外的”。句意：通常来讲，关于国家边境的问题都

43、是政府尤为重视的。D项符合句意，答案D14. 单选题Whereas sudden great disasters are instantaneous, others, such as droughts, are（ ）.问题1选项A.cumulativeB.formidableC.eternalD.prospective【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。cumulative累积的，渐增的； formidable可怕的，强大的； eternal永恒的，不朽的； prospective预期的，未来的。句意：尽管突发的大灾难是瞬间的，然而其他灾难，比如干旱却是_。 由whereas表示对比关系可知此空

44、应选与“instantaneous即刻的，即时的”意思相反的词，故A项“累积的”符合题意，答案A15. 单选题To everybodys surprise, the referee took a （ ）view of the foul and did not punish the player at all.问题1选项A.lenientB.divergentC.dimD.cautious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。 lenient宽大的，仁慈的；divergent 有分歧的；dim 暗淡的，昏暗的；cautious 小心的，谨慎的。句意：让所有人出乎意料的是，裁判员对这次犯规采取了宽容的

45、态度，一点也没有惩罚参赛选手。由did not punish the player at all可知裁判采取了宽容的态度。A项正确。答案A16. 单选题Very few experts have （ ）with complete new answers to the worlds economic problems.问题1选项A.come toB.come aroundC.come upD.come on【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。come to 想起； come around苏醒，恢复知觉；came up with提出，想出；come on 开始，加油。句意：极少数的专家想出了对这个

46、世界经济问题的新答案。只有C项能和with搭配，come up with提出，想出。答案C17. 单选题The international situation has been growing （ ）difficult for the last few years.问题1选项A.invariablyB.presumablyC.increasinglyD.dominantly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。 invariable不变地，始终如一地； presumably大约，大概 ；increasingly越来越地；dominantly占优势地，支配地。 句意：在过去的几年里，国际局势变得越来越

47、艰难。C项符合句意，答案C18. 单选题The essential problem of man in a computerized age remains the same as it has always been. The problem is not solely how to be more productive, more comfortable, more content, but how to be more sensitive, more sensible, more proportionate, more alive. The computer makes possible

48、 a phenomenal leap in human proficiency; it demolishes the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence. But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real problems, t

49、o respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is.Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research. But they cant eliminate the foolishness and decay that come from the unexamined life. Nor do they connect

50、a man to the things he has to be connected to the reality of pain in others; the possibilities of creative growth in himself; the memory of the race; and the rights of the next generation.The reason why these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data

51、 for wisdom, just as there has always been a tendency to confuse logic with values, and intelligence with insight. Unobstructed access to facts can produce unlimited good only if it is matched by the desire and ability to find out what they mean and where they would lead.Facts are terrible things if

52、 left sprawling and unattended. They are too easily regarded as evaluated certainties rather than as the rawest of raw materials crying to be processed into the texture of logic. It requires a very unusual mind, Whitehead said, to undertake the analysis of a fact. The computer can provide a correct

53、number, but it may be an irrelevant number until judgment is pronounced.To the extent, then, that man fails to make the distinction between the intermediate operations of electronic intelligence and the ultimate responsibilities of human decision and conscience, the computer could prove a digression

54、. It could obscure mans awareness of the need to come to terms with himself. It may foster the illusion that he is asking fundamental questions when he is actually asking only functional ones. It may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension to it. It may promote undue con

55、fidence in concrete answers. If we begin with certainties, Bacon said, we shall end in doubts, but if we begin with doubts, and we are patient with them, we shall end in certainties.1.We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the author would be less critical of the computer if（ ）.2.In a compu

56、terized age, which one of the following should be given priority to?3.By saying that Facts are terrible things if left sprawling and unattended (Paragraph 4), the author aims to（ ）.4.The author regards computer as（ ）.问题1选项A.it can better improve human proficiencyB.it can break the boundary of the pr

57、actical and theoretical intelligenceC.it can be more creativeD.it can make people more alert to real problems in human society问题2选项A.Wisdom.B.Intelligence.C.Data.D.Fact.问题3选项A.point out that the abundance of facts may be harmful to human intellectB.illustrate the necessity of always attending to fac

58、tsC.show the importance of using peoples judgment in the computerized ageD.tell that facts are always irrelevant and need to be connected问题4选项A.a substitute for human intelligenceB.a means to help people reach concrete answersC.something that can inspire people to ask fundamental questionsD.somethin

59、g that is of subsidiary function【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第一段中“The problem is not solely how to be more productive, more comfortable, more content, but how to be more sensitive, more sensible, more proportionate, more alive. 问题不只是如何更有效率、更舒适、更满足，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有活力。”以及第二段中 “Nor do they

60、connect a man to the things he has to be connected to the reality of pain in others; the possibilities of creative growth in himself; the memory of the race; and the rights of the next generation. 它们也不能将一个人与之必须要联系的事情联系起来即一些现实问题，比如他人痛苦；自身创造性成长的可能性；种族的记忆；以及下一代的权利。可知作者提出了计算机目前不能解决人类生活中的现实问题。故D项“如果计算机能够

61、更敏感地捕捉人类社会存在的真实问题，那么作者会少些批判”正确。由“The computer makes possible a phenomenal leap in human proficiency; it demolishes the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence. 计算机使人类熟练程度的显著飞跃成为可能；它打破了实践智能甚至理论智能的藩篱。”可知AB两项内容，计算机已经可以做到了。C项在文中未提及。答案D第2题:细节事实题。 由第三段中 “The reason why these matt

62、ers are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom在计算机时代，这些问题之所以重要，是因为可能有一种将数据误认为是智慧的倾向”可反推在计算机时代，最重要的不是数据，而是智慧。故A项正确。第3题:推理判断题。由第四段中“They are too easily regarded as evaluated certainties rather than as the rawest of raw materials crying to be processed into the texture of logic. 它们太容易被认为是经过评估的事实，而不是迫切需要加工成具有逻辑的最原始的材料。”以及“The computer can provide a correct number, but it may be an irrelevant number until judgment is pronounced. 计算机可以提供一个正确的数字，但在做出判断之前，它可能是一个不相关