2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷44（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题After several nuclear disasters, a_has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.问题1选项A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controversy【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项quarrel“争吵，吵架”，强调以发生口角和吵架等形式引起的争论；B选项suspicion“怀疑，嫌疑”；C选项verdict“裁定，裁决”；D选项controversy“(公开的)争论，辩论”，指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的

2、辨论。根据the safety of nuclear energy可知核能安全是一个重要的话题，因此选D。句意：在几次核灾难之后，激起了一场关于核能安全的争论。2. 单选题In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is _.问题1选项A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项shrink“收缩，减少”；B选项obscure“使模糊，使难解”；C选项alter“改变”；D选项constrain“强迫

3、”。根据highly technological society与the number of jobs可知A选项符合语义。句意：在我们高度科技化的社会里，非技术工人的工作岗位正在减少。3. 单选题Americans are people obsessed with child-rearing. In their books, magazines, talk shows, parent training courses, White House conferences, and chats over the back fence, they endlessly debate the best w

4、ays to raise children. Moreover, Americans do more than debate their theories; they translate them into action. They erect playgrounds for the youngsters pleasure, equip large schools for their education, and train skilled specialists for their welfare. Whole industries in America are devoted to mak

5、ing children happy, healthy and wise.But this interest in childhood is relatively new. In fact, until very recently people considered childhood just a brief, unimportant prelude to adulthood and the real business of living. By and large, they either ignored children, beat them, or fondled them carel

6、essly, much as we would amuse ourselves with a lot of puppies. When they gave serious thought to children at all, people either conceived of them as miniature adults or as peculiar, unformed animals.Down through the ages the experiences of childhood have been as varied as its duration. Actions that

7、would have provoked a beating in one era elicit extra loving care in another. Babies who have been nurtured exclusively by their mothers in one epoch are left with day-care workers in another. In some places children have been trained to straddle unsteady canoes, negotiate treacherous mountain passe

8、s, and carry heavy bundles on their heads. In other places they have been taught complicated piano concerti and long multiplication tables.But diverse as it has been, childhood has one common experience at its core and that is the social aspect of nurture. All children need adults to bring them up.

9、Because human young take so long to become independent, we think that civilization may have grown up around the need to feed and protect them. Certainly, from the earliest days of man, adults have made provision for the children in their midst.1. The present day American obsession with child-rearing

10、 has（）.2. Children in the past were ill-treated or petted because they were（）.3. How have childhood experiences varied?4. According to the author, children（）.5. What is the authors attitude to developments in the perception of childhood?问题1选项A.resulted in ineffectual actionB.initiated pointless disc

11、ussionsC.had wide-ranging resultsD.produced endless theories问题2选项A.ignorant of adult lifeB.seen as uninterestingC.considered of no importanceD.conceived of as having animal natures问题3选项A.Children have been alternately beaten and loved through the ages.B.There have been differences in child rearing i

12、n different epochs.C.Parents have increasingly taken control of their childrens nurturing.D.In some places physical training has given way to encouraging creativity.问题4选项A.need intensive adult nurturingB.are the instigators of civilizationC.remain physically dependent until adulthoodD.have common so

13、cial experiences问题5选项A.CynicalB.IndifferentC.PositiveD.Neutral【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.考查细节事实题。文章第一段介绍了美国人对于幼儿教育的态度，根据原文“Moreover, Americans do more than debate their theories; they translate them into action.”可知，美国人不仅仅辩论他们的理论，而且也采取行动。因此，C项had wide-ranging results“有广泛的结果”符合题意，故本题选C。2.考查细节事

14、实题。根据文章第二段中的In fact, until very recently people considered childhood just a brief, unimportant prelude to adulthood and the real business of living.可知，事实上，不久前人们只把儿童时期看作是一个简短且不重要的人生阶段。直到现在，幼儿教育才开始引起重视。因此，C项为正确答案。3.考查细节事实题。根据文章第三段Down through the ages the experiences of childhood have been as varied a

15、s its duration. Actions that would have provoked a beating in one era elicit extra loving care in another可知，不同时期的大人们在抚养儿童上的态度和方法上也会不同。因此，B项为正确答案。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Because human youngtake so long to become independent,we think that civilization may have grown up around the need to feed and protect the

16、m可知，文化的进步源于对孩子的培养和保护，所以，孩子在一定程度上推动了文化的进步。因此，B项为正确答案。5.观点态度题。文章主要讲述了美国人对孩子的教育由从以前的不重视转为现在的非常重视，并且采取了一系列的相关措施。因此，作者对这一转变持有积极的态度。A项为讽刺的，B项为漠视的，C项为积极的，D项为中立的。因此，C项为正确答案。4. 单选题When preparing a diet, a person should be aware that vitamin D acts to increase the amount of calcium absorbed by the body.问题1选项A

17、.schedule of exerciseB.nutritional planC.study of longevityD.medicinal chart【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中diet表示“饮食，规定饮食”；A选项为“锻炼日程”；B选项为“营养计划”； C选项为“长寿研宄”；D选项为“药用图表，药纸”。句意：在安排饮食时，个人应该注意维他命D的作用是增加人体对钙的吸收。因此，B项为正确答案。5. 单选题We should always keep in mind that（）decisions often lead to bitter regrets.问题1选项A.urgent

18、B.hastyC.instantD.prompt【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的；B选项hasty adj.轻率的，草率的，匆忙的；C选项 instant adj.立即的，紧迫的；D选项prompt adj.敏捷的，迅速的。句意：我们必须谨记仓促的决定常常会导致痛苦的悔恨。因此本题选择B项。6. 单选题The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly intelligent life, is a key test for these rival instances.问题1选项A.doctri

19、nesB.heresiesC.examplesD.debates【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项doctrines n.主义，学说，教义；B选项heresies n.异端邪说，异教；C选项 examples n.例子，实例；D选项debates n.辩论，讨论。句意：外星生命，尤其是有智慧生命的出现，对于这些竞争对手情况是一个关键性的测试。因此，C选项正确。7. 单选题Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content o

20、r quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept.We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000

21、 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England, which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher. The sp

22、ecial childrens hospitals in major cities do best general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off.From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacherand that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children int

23、erviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents of their own school. If there was a teacher, they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work, without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching rang

24、e from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when patents offered to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”.Children tend to

25、 rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. B

26、ut schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.1. The author points out at the beginning that_.2. It can be inferred from the latest survey that_.3. Children in hospital usually turn to_in order to catch up with their school work.4. W

27、e can conclude from the passage that the author is_.问题1选项A.every child in hospital receives some teachingB.not enough is known about hospital teachingC.hospital teaching is of poor qualityD.the special childrens hospitals are worst off问题2选项A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB.each hosp

28、ital has at least one part time teacherC.all hospital surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers问题3选项A.hospital teachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.school teachers问题4选项A.unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB.in favor of the pre

29、sent state of teaching in hospitalsC.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD.satisfied with the results of the latest survey【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that ed

30、ucation（没有人知道有多少孩子能在英国的医院接受教育，更不用说教育的内容和质量了）可知B选项“对医院教学知之甚少”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的It is found that half the hospitals in England, which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher.（据发现，英国有一半的医院没有教师。另外四分之一的医院只有兼职教师）可推测只有四分之一的医院有全职教师，因此选D。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Children te

31、nd to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work.（孩子们往往依靠相关的学校朋友来赶上学校的功课）可知选B。4.观点态度题。本文主要介绍了医院中的存在的教学问题，比如教师的严重缺少。根据调查结果及文章最后一段中的But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.（但学校在缓解许多受访儿童对落后的焦虑方面收效甚微）可知作者对当

32、前的医院教学现状是不满意的，因此选C。8. 单选题On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to（）the sea waves问题1选项A.simplifyB.simulateC.stimulateD.signify【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项simplify v.简化，使简易；B选项simulate v.模仿，假装，冒充；C选项stimulate v.刺激，鼓舞，激发；D选项signify v.表示，意味着。句意：在舞台上，许多舞动着的蓝丝绸模拟出了海浪的景象。根据句意，本题选择B项正确。9. 翻译题Transl

33、ate the following into Chinese. Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 2. In 1899, the headof the U.S. Patent Office proposed that his office be closed, because everything that can be invented has already been invented. Then hegot on his horse and rode home!3. This senator was terri

34、ble to his staff, particularly his speechwriter. On one occasion, he called the poor soul into his office on Fridayafternoon at five oclock and said, Heres a famous quote I want to usein my speech on Monday morning. But I need to know who said it. Find out bythen or youre fired.” One thing you need

35、to know is that it happened in 1950s,when there was no such a thing called Internet.4. The Chinese have a general characteristic, a remarkable skill inimitation, which is exercised not merely in daily life, but also in art.5. Learning the rules the MLA Handbook outlines will help you becomea writer

36、whose work deserves serious consideration.【答案】1.初级和中级研究对于语言学习的科学知识同样重要。2.1899年，美国专利局局长提议关闭他的办公室，因为所有可以发明的东西都已经发明了。然后他骑马回家了！3.这位参议员对他的职员很差，特别是对他的演讲稿撰写人。有一次，他在星期五下午五点把这个可怜的人叫进办公室，说：“这是我想在星期一上午的演讲中引用的一句名言。但我要知道是谁说的。不然你就被解雇了。”有一件事你需要知道，那就是它发生在20世纪50年代，当时没有一种叫做互联网的东西。4.中国人有一个普遍的特点，即在模仿上有一种非凡的技能，这个技能不仅在日常

37、生活中运用，而且在艺术中也运用。5.学习MLA手册中所概括的规则将有助于你成为一个认真考虑自己作品的作家。10. 单选题Millions of farmers, drawn by the of employment, came into the city, which made the problems of transportation and housing even more serious.问题1选项A.prosperityB.prospectC.expectationD.with respect to【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prosperity n.繁荣，成功；B选

38、项prospect n.前途，预期；C选项expectation n.期待，预期，指望；D选项anticipation n. 预料，希望，预感。根据句意可知，数百万的农民，满怀找工作的希望涌入城市，使得城市里的交通和住房问题变得更加严重。因此，正确答案为C项。11. 单选题Many of his arguments have no pertinence to the subject under discussion.问题1选项A.significanceB.valueC.relevanceD.enlightenment【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项significance n.重要

39、性，意义；B选项value n.价值，重要性；C选项 relevance n.关联，适当，中肯；D选项enlightenment n.启迪，启蒙运动。句意表明：他的很多观点都与正在讨论的议题无关。因此本题选择C项。12. 单选题I wouldnt_to interfere. Instead, I let my students make their own decision问题1选项A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定

40、，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。13. 单选题Its an awful that your wife couldnt come. I was looking forward to meeting her.问题1选项A.harmB.sorrowC.shameD.shock【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项harm n.伤害，损害；B选项sorrow n.悲伤，懊悔，伤心事；C选项shame n.憾事，羞耻；D选项shock n.震惊，打击。根据句意可知讲话人一

41、直希望见到对方妻子，所以非常遗憾她没能来，it is a shame 表示“太遗憾了”。因此，C项是正确答案。14. 单选题The of woman to man at our university is about five to four.问题1选项A.rateB.proportionC.portionD.percentage【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项rate n.比率，率，等级；B选项proportion n.比例，占比，面积；C选项portion n. 部分，份数；D选项percentage n.百分比，百分数。根据搭配，proportion. to.表示“（两者）比例

42、”，因此，B 项为正确答案。15. 单选题Doctors usually try to the gravity of illness if a patient is found to have cancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项specialize v.专门从事，详细说明；B选项illuminate v.阐明，说明；C选项elevate v.提升，举起，振奋；D选项minimize v.最小化，使减到最小。根据句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌症，医生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此，

43、正确答案为D项。16. 单选题According to a senior official there has been no about the measures. There is complete consensus among.问题1选项A.contraryB.contradictingC.controversyD.contradictor【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项contrary n.相反，反面；B选项contradiction n.矛盾，反驳；C选项controversy n.争论，论战；D选项contradictory n.对立物，矛盾因素。根据后文“There

44、is complete consensus among.”可知，所有参议员的意见都是一致的，没有争论。因此正确答案为C选项。17. 单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论等)”，为及物动词；D选项dom

45、inate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。18. 单选题Our hospital has an affiliation with the medical school of the City University.问题1选项A.organizationB.administrationC.connectionD.cooperation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项organization n.组织，团体，机构；B选项administration n.管理，行政机构；C选项 connection n.连接，关系，人脉；D选项cooperation n.合作

46、，协作。句意：我们医院和城市大学医学院有良好的合作关系。因此，D项为正确答案。19. 单选题We must look beyond_and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.问题1选项A.justificationsB.illusionsC.manifestationsD.specifications【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项justification“借口，理由”；B选项illusion“错觉，幻想”；C选项manifestation“表示，表明”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。根据并列连词and可

47、知空格处与assumptions的意思接近，因此选B。句意：我们必须超越幻想和假设，努力发现缺失的东西。20. 单选题The automatic doors in supermarkets_the entry and exit of customers with shopping carts.问题1选项A.furnishB.induceC.facilitateD.allocate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项furnish“布置家具，提供”；B选项induce“引诱”；C选项facilitate“促进，促使，使便利”；D选项allocate“分配，分派”。根据automatic doors可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：超市的自动门方便购物车顾客进出。