2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第143期

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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The worlds oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea

2、 levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to do damage in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.The study, published in the British journal Nature, adds to a growing scientific chorus of warnings about the pace and consequences of rising oceans. It also se

3、rves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year by the Nobel, winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors.Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both process

4、es are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits at the top of Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to risi

5、ng sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.

6、The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows that thermal warming contribut

7、ed to a 0.53 millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.1.36. What happens when the oceans temperature rises?2.37. The rise in water levels is especially dangerous for small island nations and（ ）.3.38. The new study（ ）.4.39. Ultimately, the new study sho

8、uld help scientists to（ ）.5.40. What was the main finding of the study?问题1选项A.It causes sea levels to rise.B.It causes sea levels to remain constant.C.It causes sea levels to decrease.D.It causes sea levels to change.问题2选项A.low-lying urban areasB.all coastal citiesC.people who live on the beachD.peo

9、ple who live around the globe问题3选项A.shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.32 millimeter-per-year rise in sea levelsB.did not reveal anything that scientists didnt already knowC.used new techniques to assess ocean temperaturesD.shows how quickly the sea levels fall问题4选项A.lower water levelsB.f

10、ind out what is wrong with the earthC.bury sea-level cities like Dhaka and ShanghaiD.better predict climate change问题5选项A.Not enough is being done about global warming.B.Ocean waters have warmed faster than scientists had previously thought.C.The warming of the worlds oceans is not a threat.D.The ris

11、e of sea levels has nothing to do with ocean temperature.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词oceans temperature rises可以定位到文章第一段中 “Higher ocean temperatures expend the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to do damage

12、 in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.” 中文翻译为“海水温度的升高将会导致海水体积的膨胀，从而导致海平面的上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁”可以得知海水温度升高会使海平面上升。因此A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。题干询问：海平面上升尤其会对小岛国和构成威胁。定位到第一段中 “contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening

13、 to do damage in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.” 译为：导致海平面上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁。因此A符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词new study可以定位到文章最后一段。其中第一句话“The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre for Australia Weather and Climate Research, is the first to reconcile

14、the models with observed data.”中文翻译为：由于澳大利亚的天气和气候研究中心的Catia Domingues主导的这一项新的研究首次将模型与观测数据相协调。可知B选项错误；第二句话“Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimetre-pre-year rise in sea lev

15、els rather than the 0.32mm rise reported by the IPCC.” 译为：通过使用新技术对海平面2300英尺以下的海水温度进行评估，研究发现从1961年到2003年，气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的0.32毫米。由此可以选项A，D错误。故答案选C。4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段中“Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to

16、 understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say.”译为：“科学家们表示，明确这些因素导致海平面上升的方式，对于理解气候变化和预测未来气温的升高至关重要”以及最后一段中“Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows that thermal warming contributed to

17、a 0.53 millimetre-pre-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32mm rise reported by the IPCC.”译为：通过使用新技术对海平面2300英尺以下的海水温度进行评估，研究发现从1961年到2003年，气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的0.32毫米。可知这将有助于科学家们后期更好地预测气候变化，因此答案选D。5.根据题干可定位到文章最后一段中 “.it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimeter

18、-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC” 中文翻译为：研究发现气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的032 毫米。因此选择答案B。2. 写作题Directions: Write a short essay of about 300 words on the following topic. Do remember to provide a title for your essay. Write your essay on the ANSWER

19、SHEET.Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe the best way is through personal experience.Compare the advantages of these two different ways. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to supp

20、ort your preference.【答案】略3. 写作题Suppose you will take part in a class debate next week, and you are given the debate question What should be in peoples diet, to have what one just wants or to just eat healthy food?Write a speech for the debate and clarify your own viewpoint towards whatever your posi

21、tion will be (just one position). But be sure that your argument will be supported with ample examples or evidence. Do remember to provide a title for your speech.The length of your speech is expected to be between 250 and 300 words. Write your speech on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】略4. 单选题How we look and h

22、ow we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us

23、that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut

24、a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashion

25、s to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times; the late President Kennedy caused

26、 a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorte

27、r until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you

28、 should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion house.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would

29、be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look

30、 around you and youll see that no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are（ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ） .3. Causes of fashions are（ ） .4.Present day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ） .5.Which is the main idea of the l

31、ast paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable

32、问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situationsB.Fashion in formal and informal situationsC.Ignoring appearance in informal situationsD.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A “对外表感到满意”与第一段中Few of us ar

33、e content to accept ourselves as we are “很少有人愿意接受我们本来的样子”；B “在意年老时候的外表”，根据文中第一段 How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life “十几岁和二十几岁的我们比任何时期都更在意外在和在别人眼中的形象”可推断该选项不正确；C “完全不能忽视时尚”，文中第一段few are brave en

34、ough to ignore the trends of fashion “几乎没人敢于忽视潮流” 可知该选项符合题意；D “不愿意跟随时尚”错误。2.事实细节题。A “生活中的信心”；B “个人衣着”；C “个人发型”；D “个人未来”。从文章第二段If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. “如果我们照做，电视和杂志告诉我们，我们可以自信地去见新面孔

35、，从容应对任何场合”可知选项A符合题意，故选A。3.事实细节题。A “全部相同的”；B“多变的，各式各样的”；C “未知的”；D “难以解释的”。根据文章第三段中的What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. “是什么引起时尚的改变？有时候便利或实际需求或仅仅对某个有影响力的人物的个人喜好都可以主导时尚”可知，改变时尚的因素是多种多样的，A、C、D三项均

36、不符合题意，故选B。4.判断推理题。A “单一性”；B “形式化”；C“非正式化，不拘泥于形式”；D“个性化”。根据第五段中Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should “ 只要合理，你可以按照自己的喜好决定着装和发型，而不是你应该穿什么”及The popularity of jeans and the untidy look.牛仔裤和不整洁外貌”可知当今社会更自由和轻松因为当下强调“informality”，故选C。5.判断推理题。

37、A“在正式场合下要注重外表”；B “正式和非正式场合下的时尚”；C “在非正式场合下忽略外表”；D“在所有场合都忽略外表”。根据最后一段开头At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully “ 同时，在某些特定的场合,外表依然非常重要,这时候我们必须非常认真地挑选服装”以及下文列举的两个服装与场合不合宜的反面例子，可知A“在正式场合下要注重外表” 符合题意，故本题答案为A。5. 单选题While the mi

38、ssion of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in t

39、he school-reform process, says a report released today by the National Education Commission on Time and Learning.The commissions report, titled Prisoners of Time, calls the fixed clock and calendar in American education a fundamental design flaw” in desperate need of change. Time should serve childr

40、en instead of children serving time, the report says.The two-year commission found that holding American students to world-class standards will require more time for classroom instruction. We have been asking the impassible of our students-that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spendin

41、g half as much as in core academic subjects, it states.The Commission compared the relationships between time and learning in Japan, Germany, and the United States and found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. O

42、n average, American students can earn a high school diploma if they spend only 41 percent of their school time on academics, says the report.American students spend an average of three hours a day on “core” academics such as English, math, science, and history, the commission found. Their report rec

43、ommends offering a minimum of 5.5 hours of academics every school day.The nine-member commission also recommends lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and

44、 community services, they should keep school doors open longer each day and each year, says John Hodge Jones, superintendent of schools in Murfreesboro, Tenn., and chairman of the commission.The typical school year in American public schools is 180 days. Eleven states allow school years of 175 days

45、or less, and only one state requires more than 180 days.For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools, says Milton Goldberg, executive director of the commission. “Butif reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be rele

46、gated to museumsan exhibit from our education past1.Compared with the academic courses more than a hundred years ago, the academic courses now（ ）.2.The researches by the commission mentioned in the passage are most concerned about（ ）.3.As is mentioned in the passage, schools in the United States do

47、the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.American students differ from those in Japan, Germany in that（ ）.5.Executive director of the commission Milton Goldberg would most probably agree that（ ）.问题1选项A.include some extra-curricular activitiesB.focus more on education of social supportC.demand students more contrib

48、ution of timeD.remain more or less what they used to be问题2选项A.the time attributed to academic learningB.the components of school educationC.the changes in education in the recent centuryD.the fashion of education management问题3选项A.providing important outside-academic activitiesB.serving social units

49、such as family and communityC.arranging six-hour teaching and learning every dayD.having competition with schools of other countries问题4选项A.they stay at school for a shorter time every dayB.they do not learn as much as their counterparts abroadC.they devote less time to academic learningD.they earn a

50、 high school diploma more easily问题5选项A.what the education reform advocates have done is not good enoughB.the time of school day and school year should be extended.C.visiting museums can improve students academic learning ability.D.social support and extra-curricular activities should be cancelled.【答

51、案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段中的“While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小。” 可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正

52、确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确。 A “extra-curricular activities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B “更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及。2.事实细节题。 第二段中“ Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process，在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重

53、要的步骤” 可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。由倒数第三段中“If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services. 如果学校想继续提供学术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心”可推断A与B在文中有提及；由倒数第四段中“.lengt

54、hening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.延长传统的6小时教学日时长可推断C在文中有提及；D“和其他国家的学校进行竞争”在文中没有提及，故D项为正确选项。4.事实细节题。由第五段中 “ .found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. 发现美国学生接受的基本学术教育不到日本和德国学生的一半”可推知C “与德国和日本的

55、学生不同的是美国学生在学术学习上投入的时间较少”正确。A“美国学生每天在校时间较少”在文中没有提及，由第四段中“that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subject 美国学生所学的东西和他们的外国同龄人一样多，但花在核心学术学科上的时间却只有他们的一半”可知 B与D不正确。5.判断推理题。由最后一段中“But.if reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year s

56、hould be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past 但是如果改革真的生效，那么每天6个小时，一年180天的上学时间就应该被归入到博物馆中来展示我们过去的教育”可推断“Milton Goldberg支持每天上学的时间和每学年的天数被延长”，故B正确；也由此知C“参观博物馆能提升学生的学术学习能力”不正确。最后一段中“For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools过去的十来年，

57、教育改革倡导者们一直在狂热地努力改进我们的学校”可推断A“教育改革倡导者所做的还不够”不符合原文；D“社会支持与课外活动应被取消”在原文中未提及。6. 单选题When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. （1） .For example, in Fran

58、ce, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. （2） to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish tr

59、ade relations.（3）. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in term

60、s of dollars? （4）. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day. For example, the ruble may be worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia.A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all cou

61、ntries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. （5）. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common

62、 import barriers are quotas and tariffs.问题1选项A.This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold.B.Foreign business people who are late are often left outside.C.These differences can create problems.D.Foreign business people are often shocked a

63、t the strange ways of Indians doing business.E.A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions.F.Some trade barriers are directly related to exports.问题2选项A.This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold.B.Foreign business people

64、 who are late are often left outside.C.These differences can create problems.D.Foreign business people are often shocked at the strange ways of Indians doing business.E.A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions.F.Some trade barriers are directly related to exports.问题3选项A.This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countrie