2022年考博英语-宁波大学考试题库及模拟押密卷5（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-宁波大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题We have all heard that people favor their own kind and discriminate against out-groupsbut that is a simplistic view of prejudice, says Amy Cuddy, a professor at Princeton who studies how we judge others. In recent years, she and psychologist Susan Fiske have deve

2、loped a powerful new model. All over the world, it turns out, people judge others on two main qualities: warmth (whether they are friendly and well intentioned) and competence (whether they have the ability to deliver on those intentions). A growing number of psychological researchers are turning th

3、eir focus to this rubric, refining it and looking for ways in which we can put this new understanding of first impressions to use.When we meet a person, we immediately unconsciously assess him or her for both warmth and competence. Whereas we obviously admire and help people who are both warm and co

4、mpetent and feel and act contemptuously toward the cold and incompetent, we respond ambivalently toward the other blends. People who are judged as competent but coldincluding those in stereotyped groups such as Jews and the wealthyprovoke envy and a desire to harm, as violence against these groups h

5、as often shown. And people usually seen as warm but incompetent, such as mothers and the elderly, elicit pity and benign neglect.New research is revealing that these split-second judgments are often wrong, however, because they rely on crude stereotypes and other mental shortcuts. Last year Susan Fi

6、skes team published studies showing how we jump to conclusions about peoples competence based on their warmth, and vice versa. When the researchers showed participants facts about two groups of people, one warm and one cold, the participants tended to assume that the warm group was less competent th

7、an the cold group; likewise, if participants knew one group to be competent and the other not, they asked questions whose answers confirmed their expectation that the first group was cold and the second warm. The upshot: “Your gain on one trait, can be your loss on the other,” says Fiske.This “compe

8、nsation effect,” which occurs when we compare people rather than evaluating each one separately, runs counter to the well-known halo effect, in which someone scoring high on one quality gets higher ratings on other traits. But both effects are among several mistakes people often make in inferring wa

9、rmth and competence. We see high-status individuals as competent even if their status was an accident of birth. And when we judge warmth, rivalry plays a role: “If someone is competing with you, you assume theyre a bad person,” Cuddy says.The good news is that if you belong to a stereotyped group or

10、 otherwise know how people see you, you can try changing your image. A competent politician who strikes the public as cold, for example, can draw on his warmth reserves to better connect with voters. After all, Cuddy points out, “Everybody comes across as warm or competent in some area of their live

11、s.”26. According to Amy Cuddy, peoples first impressions are actually _.27. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?28. In Fiskes opinion, because of the “compensation effect”, it is _.29. The good side of the stereotyped judgment of a person may be _.30. What is Cuddys attit

12、ude toward the stereotyped judgment of a person?问题1选项A.misleadingB.usefulC.reliableD.powerful问题2选项A.Nobody envies competent and cold people.B.People of ability are apt to be considered cold.C.We feel sympathetic for warm-hearted people.D.The wealthy tend to be indifferent to others.问题3选项A.easy to di

13、scriminate against out-groupsB.possible to avoid crude stereotypesC.difficult to confirm peoples expectationD.hard to judge a person as both warm and competent问题4选项A.enabling you to become more competentB.making you look warmerC.helping improve your imageD.avoiding unnecessary misjudgment问题5选项A.Crit

14、ical.B.Sarcastic.C.Tolerant.D.Acceptive.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】26.【选项释义】26. According to Amy Cuddy, peoples first impressions are actually _. 26. 据艾米卡迪所说，人们的第一印象实际上是_。A. misleading A. 误导的B. useful B. 有用的C. reliable C. 可靠的D. powerful D. 强大的【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“我们都听说过，人们偏爱自己的同类，歧视外群体，但艾

15、米卡迪表示，这是一种过于简单化的偏见观点（a simplistic view of prejudice）”，从中可知，艾米卡迪认为人们的第一印象过于偏见，这是错误的。因此，该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均与原文相反，属于反向干扰。27.【选项释义】27. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? 27. 根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. Nobody envies competent and cold people. A. 没有人羡慕能干而冷漠的人。B. People of abilit

16、y are apt to be considered cold. B. 有能力的人容易被认为冷漠。C. We feel sympathetic for warm-hearted people. C. 我们同情热心的人。D. The wealthy tend to be indifferent to others. D. 富人往往对别人漠不关心。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“那些通常被视为热情但没有能力的人，比如母亲和老人，则会引起同情和善意的忽视”可知，有热心的人容易引起同情。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项定位第二段倒数第二句“那些被认为有能力但冷酷无情的

17、人，包括犹太人和富人等在内的刻板群体的人，会引发嫉妒和伤害欲望，针对这些群体的暴力往往就表明了这一点”，从中可知，有能力但冷漠的人容易引起别人的嫉妒和伤害欲望，但是没有提到“没有人羡慕这些人”，所以，该项曲解原文；B选项没有提到，有能力的人不一定是冷漠的人，该项属于无中生有；D选项没有提到，也属于无中生有。28.【选项释义】28. In Fiskes opinion, because of the “compensation effect”, it is _. 28. 在菲斯克看来，由于“补偿效应”， _。A. easy to discriminate against out-groups A

18、. 很容易歧视外群体B. possible to avoid crude stereotypes B. 可以避免原始的刻板印象C. difficult to confirm peoples expectation C. 很难确认人们的期望D. hard to judge a person as both warm and competent D. 很难判断一个人既热情又能干【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据倒数第二段第一句“这种补偿效应发生在我们对人们进行比较，而不是分别对每个人进行评估时，它与众所周知的光环效应背道而驰，光环效应就是一个人在某一方面得分高，在其他方面得分也高”可知，补偿效

19、应和光环效应是完全相反的，光环效应会使一个人因为某一方面的能力而得到全方面的肯定；所以我们可以反推，补偿效应会使一个人因为某一方面缺少能力而被刻板印象所支配，从而受到歧视。因此，该题A选项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；C、D选项没有体现，属于无中生有。29.【选项释义】29. The good side of the stereotyped judgment of a person may be _. 29. 一个人的刻板判断的好的一面可能是_。A. enabling you to become more competent A. 让你变得更有能力B. making

20、you look warmer B. 让你看起来更温暖C. helping improve your image C. 帮助改善你的形象D. avoiding unnecessary misjudgment D. 避免不必要的错误【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句“好消息是，如果你属于一个刻板印象的群体，或者知道别人如何看待你，你可以尝试改变自己的形象（changing your image）”，从中可知，刻板印象的好的一面是，人们可以改变自己的形象来获得更好的印象。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项没有提到，属于无中生有。30.【选项释义】30. What

21、 is Cuddys attitude toward the stereotyped judgment of a person? 30. 卡迪对一个人的刻板判断持什么态度？A. Critical. A. 批判的。B. Sarcastic. B. 挖苦的。C. Tolerant. C. 容忍的。D. Acceptive. D. 可接受的。【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据文章第一句“我们都听说过，人们偏爱自己的同类，歧视外群体，但艾米卡迪表示，这是一种过于简单化的偏见观点（a simplistic view of prejudice）”，以及文章的最后一句“毕竟，卡迪指出，每个人在生活的某些

22、方面都给人温暖或有能力的印象。”，可知，卡迪认为每个人在某个方面是给人温暖或有能力的印象，而刻板印象则是以偏概全，一种过于简单化的偏见观点。综合理解可知，卡迪对一个人的刻板判断是批判的态度，故A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合原文，属于曲解原文。2. 单选题In terms of the evolution of life on Earth, human beings have just arrived. (1) their short time on Earth, however, people have brought about enormous changes to the

23、 surfaces of the planetchanges far out of (2) to the interval of time they have (3) it.With the (4) of intelligence and manual skill, people have found ways to use plant and animal resources, mineral ores, fuels, and so on. As the number of people on Earth increases, it becomes increasingly difficul

24、t for the population to survive (5) the resources of the land. The amount of land is limited. Although agricultural production can be promoted by use of (6) such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer, the land (7) can produce only so much food and no more. As human population grows, people (8)

25、more.People are only a very small (9) of all the living things on the planet. Yet their numbers create a (10) on resources that cant be (11). For example, the amount of water on Earth is limited; this water is (12) through natural processes. However, the natural processes for (13) can clean only a c

26、ertain amount of water. (14), a limited number of petroleum can be found under the Earths surface.All natural systems tend toward (15) among opposing factors or forces. Human activities can cause or (16) permanent changes in natural systems. The (17) smoke from thousands of factories has caused enor

27、mous air pollution. Cleaning this smoke has exceeded the protective ability of natural processes. The forests cannot clean the air fast enough. The twentieth century began with powerful countries competing to take (18) of the Earth. (19) an outcome of their hunger, the Earth was abused. Now that peo

28、ple are no longer (20) of the causes of the sickness of our planet, they seek ways to rescue the Earth.问题1选项A.ForB.DespiteC.InD.Owing to问题2选项A.controlB.stepC.dateD.proportion问题3选项A.establishedB.occupiedC.damagedD.influenced问题4选项A.cooperationB.commissionC.combinationD.competition问题5选项A.onB.byC.withD.

29、of问题6选项A.mechanicsB.mechanismC.machineryD.manufacture问题7选项A.ultimatelyB.previouslyC.currentlyD.thereby问题8选项A.produceB.consumeC.distributeD.design问题9选项A.frictionB.freightC.frameD.fraction问题10选项A.driftB.dripC.drainD.drill问题11选项A.repairedB.renewedC.repelledD.repeated问题12选项A.producedB.circulatedC.cleane

30、dD.reduced问题13选项A.filteringB.fillingC.fulfillingD.figuring问题14选项A.ConverselyB.LikewiseC.NeverthelessD.Therefore问题15选项A.futureB.extremeC.limitD.balance问题16选项A.accelerateB.induceC.eliminateD.facilitate问题17选项A.individualB.subsequentC.deliberateD.collective问题18选项A.careB.advantageC.accountD.charge问题19选项A

31、.ToB.InC.AsD.In spite of问题20选项A.tolerantB.awareC.ignorantD.resistant【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:D第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:B第15题:D第16题:A第17题:D第18题:B第19题:C第20题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】A. For 对于，因为 B. Despite 尽管C. In 在内 D. Owing to 由于【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】后面的however转折句“然而，人们给地球的表面带来了巨大的变化”，前面的句子

32、是“人们在地球上待的时间短”，由此可知，前面和后面的句子之间是让步关系，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、D选项表示原因，C选项表示方位，都不符合。【句意】尽管人类在地球上的时间很短，但是，人类给地球表面带来了巨大的变化。2.【选项释义】A. control 控制 B. step 脚步C. date 日期 D. proportion 比例【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】out of proportion to为固定搭配，表示“和不成比例，大大超过的”，故D项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不能与其搭配。【句意】这些变化与短暂时间相比，是远远不成比例的。3.【选项释义】A. established

33、 建立 B. occupied 占据，占领C. damaged 损坏，破坏 D. influenced 影响【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】空格部分做定语修饰time，it指的是earth，上文提到人类给地球带来了巨大变化，结合本句“变化与时间相比，远远不成比例”，可知是“人类居住在地球的时间”，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】这些变化与人类占据地球的短暂时间相比，是远远不成比例的。4.【选项释义】A. cooperation 合作 B. commission 委员会，佣金C. combination 组合 D. competition 竞争【考查点】句子逻

34、辑。【解题思路】intelligence和manual skill之间肯定是组合的关系，并且后面提到了“人们找到了方法”，所以C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项是表示人或者企业、机构之间的合作；B、D选项不符合句子语义。【句意】随着智力和手工技能的结合，人们找到了利用动植物资源、矿石、燃料等的方法。5.【选项释义】A. on 在之上 B. by 通过C. with 和 D. of 的【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】survive和the resources of the land之间是“依靠”的意思，survive on固定搭配，表示“靠生存”，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不能与其搭配

35、。【句意】随着地球上人口的增加，人们依靠土地资源生存变得越来越困难。6.【选项释义】A. mechanics力学 B. mechanism机制，原理C. machinery机械，机器 D. manufacture制造，产品【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】由such as可知，后面的tractors（拖拉机）是其中的一个例子，前面提到agricultural production（农业生产），故推断C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不能与其搭配。【句意】虽然使用拖拉机等机械可以提高农业产量。7.【选项释义】A. ultimately 最后，根本 B. previously 以前，预先C.

36、currently 当前，一般地 D. thereby 从而，因此【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】although引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然使用拖拉机等机械以及施用化肥可以提高农业产量”，后面的句子是主句，根据only so much food and no more（只有那么多，不会再增加）可知，即使有农业机械，但是农业产量只有那么多，A项符合语义。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】虽然使用拖拉机等机械以及施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。8.【选项释义】A. produce 生产 B. consume 消费，消耗C. d

37、istribute 分布 D. design 设计【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】上一句提到“土地所生产的粮食只有那么多”，根据上下文可推知，“人口增长，粮食消耗就越多”，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】随着人口的增长，人们消耗的粮食更多。9.【选项释义】A. friction 摩擦 B. freight 货运，运费C. frame 框架，结构 D. fraction 分数，部分【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由句子中的修饰词small和of all the living things on the planet（地球上所有的生物）可知，D项符合。【干扰项排除

38、】A、B、C选项均不符合修饰语与被修饰语的关系。【句意】人类只是这个星球上所有生物的一小部分。10.【选项释义】A. drift 漂流，漂移 B. drip 水滴，滴水声C. drain 负担，排水沟 D. drill 钻孔机【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】上一段第二句说“人口越多，靠土地资源生存就越难”，这里提到了numbers和resources，所以C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】而这一小部分却造成了资源的流失。11.【选项释义】A. repaired 修理 B. renewed 重新开始，获得新生C. repelled 击退，驱除 D. repeat

39、ed 重复说（或写）【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】空格部分为定语从句修饰resources，由下一句的例子“地球上的水量是有限的”，可知resource是有限的，只有B项符合。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】而这一小部分却造成了不可再生资源的流失。12.【选项释义】A. produced 产生，制造 B. circulated 流通的C. cleaned 净化的 D. reduced 减少的【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】根据however可知，下一句是这一句的转折，其中提到了“自然作用净化水”，故C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】比

40、如说，地球上的水量是有限的，这些水通过自然作用得到净化。13.【选项释义】A. filtering 过滤 B. filling 填充C. fulfilling 履行，实现 D. figuring 计算【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】上一句提到“自然作用净化水”，而这一句又提到了clean，所以空格处是和clean water相关的词语，只有A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合上下文语义。【句意】然而，自然的过滤作用只能净化一定量的水。14.【选项释义】A. Conversely 相反地 B. Likewise 同样地C. Nevertheless 然而 D. Therefore 因

41、此【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】前面提到人们可以利用的资源有限，随后用水资源进行举例，最后提到地球表面下数量有限的石油，可知，前后是类比关系，所以B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合句间逻辑。【句意】同样地，在地球表面下只能找到数量有限的石油。15.【选项释义】A. future 未来 B. extreme 极度，极端C. limit 限制 D. balance 平衡【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】该句为本段中心句，下文提到了很多opposing factors or forces，最后说到they seek ways to rescue the Earth，所以该句的表达的意思

42、应该是“自然系统会在相反因素中取得平衡”，D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合本段段意。【句意】所有的自然系统都趋向于在相反的因素或力量之间取得平衡。16.【选项释义】A. accelerate 加速 B. induce 诱发，诱使C. eliminate 消除 D. facilitate 帮助，促进【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】宾语是permanent changes，这一句表达的是负面的影响，而且空格要填入一个以human activities为主语，且和permanent changes搭配的词语，只有A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句子语义。【句意】人类活动会导

43、致或加速自然系统的永久改变。17.【选项释义】A. individual 个人的 B. subsequent 随后的C. deliberate 故意的 D. collective 集体的，共同的【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由thousands of factories（成千上万的工厂）可知，smoke应该是非常的多，只有D选项符合修饰语与被修饰语的关系。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句子语义。【句意】成千上万的工厂排放出来的浓烟造成了严重的空气污染。18.【选项释义】A. care 关心 B. advantage 优点C. account 账户，解释 D. charge 命令，要价【考查

44、点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由空格后面的earth，联系上文人类利用地球上的资源，可知，固定搭配take advantage of（利用）符合语义。【干扰项排除】A选项take care of（照顾，抚养）、C选项take account of（考虑到）、D选项take charge of（接管）均不符合语义。【句意】20世纪开始时，强国竞相利用地球资源。19.【选项释义】A. To 对于，给 B. In 在内C. As 作为，因为 D. In spite of 尽管【考查点】介词搭配。【解题思路】空格后面是名词an outcome，表示“后果”，结合后面的Earth was abused可知，

45、C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合语义。【句意】作为他们渴望的后果，地球被虐待。20.【选项释义】A. tolerant 容忍的，宽容的 B. aware 意识到的C. ignorant 无知的 D. resistant 抵抗的【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】由后半句“他们寻求拯救地球的方法”，结合no longer（不再）和the causes of the sickness（生病的原因）可知，C选项符合句子语义。【干扰项排除】A选项be tolerant of（对容忍、宽容）、B选项be aware of（意识到）、D选项均不符合句子语义。【句意】由于不再无视地球罹难的根源，

46、人们正在寻求各种方法来治疗它。3. 单选题When musing on cities over time and in our time, from the first (whenever it was) to today, we must always remember that cities are artifacts. Forests, jungles, deserts, plains, oceans the organic environment is born and dies and is reborn endlessly, beautifully, and completely

47、without moral constraint or ethical control. But cities despite the metaphors that we apply to them from biology or nature (“The city dies when industry flees”; “The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”), despite the sentimental or anthropomorphic devices we used to describe citi

48、es are artificial. Nature has never made a city, and what Nature makes that may seem like a city an anthill, for instance only seems like one. It is not a city.Human beings made and make cities, and only human beings kill cities, or let them die. And human beings do both make cities and unmake them

49、by the same means: by acts of choice. We enjoy deluding ourselves in this as in other things. We enjoy believing that there are forces out there completely determining our fate, natural forces or forces so strong and overwhelming as to be like natural forces that send cities through organic or biolo

50、gical phases of birth, growth, and decay. We avoid the knowledge that cities are at best works of art, and at worst ungainly artifacts but never flowers or even weeds and that we, not some mysterious force or cosmic biological system, control the creation and life of a city.We control the creation a

51、nd life of a city by the choices and agreements we make the basic choice being, for instance, not to live alone, the basic agreement being to live together. When people choose to settle, like the starts, not wander like the moon, they create cities as sites and symbols of their choice to stop and th

52、eir agreement not to separate. Now stasis and proximity, not movement distance, define human relationships. Mutual defense, control of a river or harbor, shelter from natural forces all these and other reasons may lead people to aggregate, but once congregated, they then live differently and become

53、different.A city is not an extended family. That is a tribe or clan. A city is a collection of disparate families who agree to function: They agree to live as if they were as close in blood or ties of kinship as they are in physical proximity. Choosing life in an artifact, people agree to live in a

54、state of similitude. A city is a place where ties of considerable pact, a city. If a family is an expression of continuity through biology, a city is an expression of continuity through will and imagination through mental choices making artifice, not through physical reproduction.21. The authors pur

55、pose is primarily to _.22. The author cites the sentence “The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism” (Paragraph 1) as _.23. The authors attitude toward the statements quoted in “The city dies when industry flees”; “The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism” in Par

56、agraph 1 is _.24. According to this passage, why is an anthill by definition unlike a city?25. Mutual defense, control of waterways, and shelter from the forces of nature are presented primarily an example of motives for people to _.问题1选项A.identify the sources of popular discontent with citiesB.defi

57、ne the city as growing out of a social contractC.illustrate the difference between cities and villagesD.compare cities with blood families问题2选项A.an example of one type of figurative languagesB.a simple statement of scientific factC.a momentary digression from his central thesisD.a paradox with ironi

58、c implications问题3选项A.respectfulB.ambivalentC.skepticalD.approving问题4选项A.It can be casually destroyed by human beings.B.Its inhabitants outnumber the inhabitants of even the largest city.C.It is a work of instinct rather than of imagination.D.It exists on a far smaller scale than any city does.问题5选项A

59、.move away from their enemiesB.gather together in settlementsC.welcome help from their kinfolkD.redefine their family relationships【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】21.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者的主要目的是”。定位文章第一句When musing on cities over time and in our time, from the first (whenever it was) to today,

60、 we must always remember that cities are artifacts.（当我们从过去和现在的时代、从最初到今天来思考城市时，我们必须永远记住，城市是人工制品）可知，文章开头先指出城市是人造艺术品，随后两段描述了人类是如何通过选择和约定控制城市的创造和生活，最后总结城市是一个有着契约的地方，定位文章倒数第二句A city is a place where ties of considerable pact, a city.（城市是一个有着重大契约的城市），所以这篇文章的作者的主要目的是定义城市为社会契约中成长起来的地方，B项“将城市定义为在社会契约中成长起来的城市

61、”正确。A项“找出民众对城市不满的根源”，文中没有提到人类对城市的不满，该项属于无中生有。C项“说明城市和乡村之间的差异”也是无中生有，原文并未比较这两个的差异。D项“比较城市与血亲家庭”曲解原文，原文只是用血亲家庭来描述城市的特点。因此，该题选择B项。22.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“作者在第一段中引用了社区是城市有机体的重要细胞，作为”。定位到第一段第三句But citiesdespite the metaphors that we apply to them from biology or nature (“The neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban organism”) are artificial.（尽管我们从生物学或自然角度对其进行比喻：社区是城市有机体的重要细胞，但是，城市还是人造的），句子中提到了metaphor，作者从生物学角度引用比喻来描述城市，所以A项“一种比喻性语言的一个例子”正确。B项“科学事实的简单陈述”和C项“中心论点暂时的离题”属于无中生有，这并不是一个科学事实，也没有离题。D项“一个具有讽刺意味的悖论”属于曲解原文，文中并没有提到悖论。因此，该题选择A项。23.【试题答案】B【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者在第一段中引用当工业逃离时，城市就会消亡；社区是城