2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及模拟押密卷86（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （ ） with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。in accordance with为固定搭配，表示“依照，与.一致”。2. 单选题A luxury express train ju

2、mped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death（ ）is expected to rise.问题1选项A.tollB.figureC.spanD.yield【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量， 收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言

3、人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。death toll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。3. 单选题Although Venus is the nearest planet of the Earth, little is known about it because it is （ ） covered by thick clouds.问题1选项A.closelyB.curiouslyC.regularlyD.constantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。closely紧密地，严密地；curiously好奇地；regularly 有规律地；constantly不断地，时常地。句意：尽

4、管金星是离地球最近的行星，但由于它时常被厚厚的云层所覆盖，人们对它知之甚少。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题Henry looked very much （ ） when he was caught cheating in the biology exam.问题1选项A.discouragedB.embarrassedC.disappointedD.bewildered【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。discouraged“气馁的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;disappointed“失望的, 沮丧的”, bewildered“困惑的”。句意:当Henry在生物考试中因为作弊被抓时, 他显得非

5、常尴尬。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题You are not allowed to take a second job （ ） your employer gives you permission.问题1选项A.unlessB.so long asC.otherwiseD.whereas【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非, 如果不”;so long as“只要”;otherwise“否则, 不然”;whereas“然而, 鉴于, 反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许, 否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题As a salesman, he works on a(n)

6、（ ） basis, taking 10% of everything he sells.问题1选项A.incomeB.commissionC.salaryD.pension【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。根据下半句句意：从他销售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推断，填空处应该指佣金，所以选项B正确。pension指退休金，抚恤金。7. 单选题The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original （ ） .问题1选项A.considerationB.judgmentC.estimateD.plan【答案】C【解析】名词词

7、义辨析。consideration“考虑;报酬”;judgment“判断, 辨别力”;estimate“估计, 判断”。句意:这座建筑物的实际成本比我们原来的估计高得多。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题As a way of （ ） the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.问题1选项A.picking upB.coping withC.passing outD.ge

8、tting across【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。pick up捡起，获得；cope with处理，应付；pass out昏倒，分发；get across通过，使被理解。根据下文，让清洁女工把打印好的小纸条寄出去让寄件人稍后再写。这是处理邮件的一种方式，所以选项B符合句意。9. 单选题She once （ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并, 吞没”;coincide“一

9、致, 符合, 同时发生”;constitute“组成, 构成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题Poverty is not （ ） in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.问题1选项A.rareB.temporaryC.prevalentD.segmental【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segme

10、ntal部分的，分段的。句意：尽管贫困在大多数城市并不普遍，或许是由于某些地区很拥挤，贫困才更为明显。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题Hotel rooms must be （ ） by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.问题1选项A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。depart“离开，出发”;abandon“放弃，遗弃”;vacate“空出，腾出”;displace“取代，转移”。句意:旅馆的房间必须在中午前空出来，但行李可以交给行李搬运工。选项C符合句意。1

11、2. 单选题Complete silence is found only in laboratories called anechoic rooms. The walls and ceilings, made of blocks of special sound-sucking materials, are more than three feet thick, while floor coverings are six-foot layers of feathers or cotton wool. Silence here can be as painful to the ears as t

12、he din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off, yet scientists get used to this and stay in these silent rooms for hours at a time, using microphones and electronic equipment to test the various materials being developed to make the world a less noisy place.Architects have used

13、 scientific discoveries to solve noise problem in a number of ways. Walls are hollowed (having empty space inside) and then filled with sound-sucking materials similar to cotton wool. Extra-thick carpets cover the floors, and thick woolen curtains cover the windows. Air conditioning and heating chan

14、nels are made less noisy by sound-sucking materialsUnfortunately, these techniques and others often work too well in some buildings. Noise-proof rooms become almost anechoic and people living in them are disturbed by the lack of soundOne way of handling this problem is to use what they call “sound p

15、erfume” artificial (similarly produced, made by man) noise is piped to rooms through small loudspeakers.1.Scientists use anechoic room for（ ） .2.The writer implies that （ ） .3.People suffer in anechoic rooms probably because （ ） .4.The article suggests that （ ） .问题1选项A.measuring noise levels of stee

16、lworksB.measuring blocks of feathersC.testing sound-absorbing materialsD.testing electronic equipment问题2选项A.untrained people can not stay long in anechoic roomsB.performing experiments in anechoic rooms can be a frightening experienceC.architects make practical use of the information gathered by sci

17、entistsD.scientists do not care for noise problem问题3选项A.they are allowed to move and speakB.they are used lo hearing noise around themC.the greater air pressure hurts their earsD.all of the above问题4选项A.loudspeakers are as important as sound-proofing materialsB.anechoic rooms will be included in all

18、new buildingsC.scientific devices are sometimes too successfulD.all of the above【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句“.scientists get used to . test the various materials being developed to make the world a less noisy place.”科学家习惯待在这些安静的房间里数小时，使用麦克风和电子设备来测试各种减少噪音的材料。选项C符合原文。2.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句

19、“Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off.”这里的安静对于耳朵来说是痛苦的，就好像钢铁厂里或者火箭发射时所产生的连续不断的噪音。由此可推断，在这种环境下做实验是非常可怕的经历。所以选项B正确。3.细节推理题。根据最后一段第二一句“people living in them are disturbed by the lack of sound.”住在里面的人因为没有声音而感到不安。人们在消音室里觉得很痛苦是

20、因为人们不习惯周围一点儿噪音都没有，所以选项B符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，住在完全消音的房间里，人们往往会因为没有声音而感到不安，这时候就可以使用人造噪音通过小喇叭传到房间里。也就是说扬声器和隔音材料同样重要。选项A正确。选项C是事实，不是文章给出的建议，所以不选。13. 单选题To plagiarize is simply “to use without （ ） credit the ideas, expressions, or productions of (another),” and this is remarkably easy to do unintentio

21、nally.问题1选项A.dueB.necessaryC.importantD.vital【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意:剽窃很简单，就是“未经允许或授权就使用(他人的)创意，表达或作品”，而这很容易在无意中发生。due “应付的, 应得的”, due credit为常用搭配，表示“应得的荣誉, 应得的信任”, without due credit在这里引申为“未经允许或授权”。选项A正确。14. 单选题The doctors are very much worried about the（ ） of the patients condition after operation.问题1

22、选项A.dispositionB.deliberationC.deteriorationD.diversion【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。disposition“处置, 性情”;deliberation“审议, 考虑”;deterioration“恶化, 退化”;diversion“消遣, 转移注意力”。句意:医生非常担心病人手术后情况会恶化。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题The torch was （ ） by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implement

23、edD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deceive“欺骗, 行骗”;ignite“点燃, 使燃烧”;implement“实施, 执行”;designate“指定, 指派”。句意:在运动会开幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员点燃。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题Science and technology actually help to （ ） the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture.问题1选项A.preserveB.prevailC.reserveD.precede【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:科学技术

24、实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。17. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关

25、系更为亲密。18. 单选题Most people cant get （ ）the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.问题1选项A.onB.overC.throughD.by【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。句意:没有一杯茶或者咖啡, 大多数人都无法清醒地过完这一天。get through表示“度过, 熬过”。所以选项C正确。19. 单选题Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, （ ） their cleanness, toughness, and low cost.问题1

26、选项A.in addition toB.by virtue ofC.as opposed toD.for the sake of【答案】B【解析】介词短语含义辨析。in addition to“除.之外（还有, 也）”;by virtue of“由于, 凭借”;as opposed to“与截然相反, 对照”;for the sake of“为了, 为了的利益”。句意:塑料袋用来装各种食物很有用, 因为其卫生, 结实, 便宜。选项B符合语境。20. 单选题Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （ ） on in our country.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。