2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及模拟押密卷54（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Honesty no longer seems to be the best policy with telling of lies becoming a common part of our daily lives. A new research by a psychologist has revealed that most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent.（1） “ Pe

2、ople tell a considerable number of lies in everyday conversation. It was a very surprising result. We didnt expect lying to be such a part of daily conversation,” said Robert Feldman.The study also found that lies told by men and women differ in content, though not in quantity. （2） “Women were more

3、likely to lie to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themselves look better,” Feldman noted.As part of the study, a group of 121 pairs of undergraduate students were recruited to participate. （3） Participants were unaware that the session was being video

4、taped. At the end of the session, the students were then asked to watch the video of them and identify any inaccuracies in what they had said during the conversation. They were encouraged to identify all lies, no matter how big or small.Feldman said the students who participated in the study were su

5、rprised at their own results. “When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had, ” Feldman said. The lies the students told varied considerably. （4） Others were more extreme, such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock band.“It

6、s so easy to lie,” Feldman said. “We teach our children to be honest, but we also tell them its polite to pretend they like a birthday gift theyve been given. （5） .”问题1选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed mes

7、sage regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet s

8、omeone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway,

9、 the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题2选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it

10、has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults

11、 and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes

12、it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题3选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were

13、 relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, publis

14、hed in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you thin

15、gs.问题4选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person th

16、at they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychol

17、ogy, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题5选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more

18、than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were to

19、ld that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least onc

20、e during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.【答案】第1题:F第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“The study also found that.”可推测, 填空处的内容应该也是描述这项研究的一些发现

21、。所以选项F正确。2.根据上句, 研究还发现, 男性和女性说谎的内容不同, 但数量没什么不同。而填空处下文描述的是男性和女性撒谎的不同方式。结合上下文, 选项A能起到连接上下文的作用, 所以正确。3.上句提到, 作为研究的一部分, 研究人员招募了121对本科生参与其中。下文也都是和研究相关的内容, 而剩下的选项中和研究相关的只有选项D。4.根据下文的“Others were more extreme, .”可推测, 这里是研究结果进行比较, 所以前面应该是“Some were.”, 选项C符合原文语境。5.根据上文, 我们教孩子们要诚实, 但我们也告诉他们, 假装他们喜欢别人送给他们的生日礼物

22、是有礼貌的。由此可知, 孩子们得到的关于说谎的实际方面的信息非常复杂, 这对他们成年后的行为是有影响的。所以选项B符合原文语境。2. 单选题The torch was （ ） by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implementedD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deceive“欺骗, 行骗”;ignite“点燃, 使燃烧”;implement“实施, 执行”;designate“指定, 指派”。句意:在运动会开幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员

23、点燃。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。4. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living

24、 in （ ） populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。表示人口密集应该用densely，所以选项A正确。5. 单选题The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to （ ） themselves on the German team for last years defeat.问题1选项A.remedyB.reproachC.reviveD.revenge【答案】

25、D【解析】形近词辨析。remedy补救，治疗；reproach责备；revive使复兴，使苏醒；revenge报仇，雪耻。句意：西班牙队虽然状态不佳，但下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利向德国队一雪前耻。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题An experiment can be（ ） by poor planning.问题1选项A.distributedB.qualifiedC.spoiledD.disclosed【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distributed分配，分散；qualified限制；spoiled损坏，破坏；disclosed公开，揭露。句意：计划不周会破坏实验。选项C符合句意。7.

26、 单选题A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death（ ）is expected to rise.问题1选项A.tollB.figureC.spanD.yield【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量， 收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印

27、度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。death toll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。8. 单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （ ） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此

28、, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，成人礼都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。9. 单选题You are not allowed to take a second job （ ） your employer gives you permission.问题1选项A.unlessB.so long asC.otherwiseD.whereas【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非, 如果不”;so long as“只要”;otherwise“否则, 不然”;

29、whereas“然而, 鉴于, 反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许, 否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题The doctors are very much worried about the（ ） of the patients condition after operation.问题1选项A.dispositionB.deliberationC.deteriorationD.diversion【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。disposition“处置, 性情”;deliberation“审议, 考虑”;deterioration“恶化, 退化”;diversion“消遣,

30、 转移注意力”。句意:医生非常担心病人手术后情况会恶化。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any countryfrom 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and es

31、pecially in non-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force in manufac

32、turing than developed countries now employ in farmingat most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It

33、is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply i

34、ncrease manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitiveor even to remain “developed.” The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.This is not a conclusion that American politic

35、ians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more is that the United Stales is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for m

36、anual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization” or “automation”. This is actually more a change in terminology than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man hours required to produce a motor car

37、 by some 80 percent in two or three yearsfar more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machinesthat is, by the products of knowledge.1.According to the author,

38、 the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates（ ） .2.American politicians and labor lenders tend to dislike（ ） .3.According to the author, in the coming 25 years, a developed country or industry, in order to remain competitive, ought to（ ） .4.This passage may have been excerpted from（

39、） .问题1选项A.the degree to which a countrys production is robotizedB.a reduction in a countrys manufacturing industriesC.a worsening relationship between labor and managementD.the difference between a developed country and a developing country问题2选项A.confusion in manufacturing economyB.an increase in bl

40、ue-collar work forceC.internal competition in manufacturing productionD.a drop in the blue-collar job opportunities问题3选项A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work forceB.preserve blue-collar jobs for international competitionC.accelerate motor-can manufacturing in Henry Fords styleD.solve the p

41、roblem of unemployment问题4选项A.a magazine about capital investmentB.an article on automationC.a motor-car magazineD.an article on global economy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.信息推理题。根据第四段第三句“One is the acceleration . “robotization” or “automation”.”知识和资本开始加速替代体力劳动。几十年前我们谈论机械化，现在我们谈论“机器人化”或“自动化”。由此可以推断，制

42、造业劳动力的变化说明了一个国家生产的自动化程度。制造业劳动力越少，自动化程度越高，反之亦然。所以选项A正确。2.事实细节题。根据第四段第一句可知，美国政治家和劳动力领袖不喜欢一种结论，即上一段提到的：如果一家公司、一个行业或一个国家在未来25年内不大幅增加制造业产量，同时大幅削减蓝领劳动力，那么它就不可能保持竞争力，甚至不可能保持“发达”。而这必然会导致失业，这是美国政治家和劳动力领袖不希望看到的，所以选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第三段的内容可知，在未来25年内，行业或者国家需要在保证制造业产量的同时削减蓝领劳动力。选项A符合原文。4.主旨推断题。文章主要讲的是随着工业化的发展，机器也就是

43、人类知识的产物将会取代劳动力。所以文章最有可能是关于全球经济的，选项D正确。选项B太片面，文章不仅仅是讲自动化，劳动力应与经济相关，所以不选B。12. 单选题Unless you lived through the Eisenhower era, it may be hard to imagine the impact of the on-screen sight of sneering high-school students challenging adults with switch-blades. But in 1950s America, killing was still seen

44、 as something rare and horrible, something done by soldiers in battle, by lawmen, by gangsters, or by the occasional psychopath.Homicides in movies, even those considered violent, were infrequent. Those films presented juvenile delinquency more as the thread of rebellion and disobedience than of out

45、right violence.The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression. The change in 1957 when a wave of teen-street-gang killing in New York City (22 in the first six months of the year) spurred the emergency deployment of six hundred Police Academy cadets in a war on teen street crime. T

46、hough teen violence soon lost its place in news headlines to other crises, it did not go away.Thirty-five years later America is in the grip of a violence epidemic that has transformed the country into one of the most dangerous nations on earth. The national homicide rate, corrected for population g

47、rowth, increased almost exactly 100 percent from 1950 to 1990. In major cities the increase has been much higher. In Los Angeles County the 1953 homicide total was 82. In 1992, with a population almost doubled, the total was 2, 512一an increase of over 1, 000 percent. These are staggering increase by

48、 any measure, with the one-year toll for L. A. County exceeding the deaths in over fifteen years of conflict in Northern Ireland.Youth crime accounts for a disproportionate number of these killings. Thats more than twice the number recorded a decade earlier, reflecting the fact, according to FBI rep

49、orts, that the number of youths who committed murder with guns was up 79 percent in one decade. Clearly something has gone horribly wrong. In looking for a root cause, one of the most obvious differences in the social and cultural fabric between post-World War II and pre-World War II America is the

50、massive and pervasive exposure of American youth to television. Since the 1950s, behavioral scientists and medical researchers have been examining screen violence as a possible causative element in Americas spiraling violent crime rate. There is compelling evidence of a direct, demonstrable link. Ho

51、micide has become the second leading cause among African-American youth. In 1992 the US surgeon general cited violence as the leading cause of injury to women aged 15 to 44, and the US Centers for Disease Control consider violence a public health issue, to be treated as an epidemic.1.From the passag

52、e we can infer that （ ） .2.Which of the following is not true?3.A major reason for youth crime increase is （ ） .4.It is a fact, in 1992, that （ ） .5.The word “spiraling”（Para.5） is close in meaning to （ ） .问题1选项A.from the 1950s on high-school students have been a threat to the safety of adultsB.in t

53、he 1950s only some gun-men used gun as weaponsC.it was in the late 1950s that violence was frequentD.youth crime began in the 1950s问题2选项A.There were more than 22 killings of teenagers in New York, in 1957.B.The wave of teen murder urged policemen to take a quick action.C.Violence was so emergent tha

54、t even six hundred students of Police Academy were turned to for help.D.Six hundred students of Police Academy were involved in the street crime.问题3选项A.population grows too muchB.young people are exposed too much to screen violenceC.violence is a public issueD.the economic background问题4选项A.populatio

55、n in Los Angeles was of 2, 512 peopleB.homicide totaled 352 in Los AngelesC.homicide rose up to 2, 512 in Los AngelesD.population in Los Angeles was over 1, 512问题5选项A.movingB.changingC.risingD.falling【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知没有提及高中生对成年人的安全构成威胁, 所以选项A错误;选项B在文中也没有提及;根据二三段的内容,

56、 在20世纪50年代的美国很难想象青少年犯罪, 然而确实发生了, “The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression.”由此可以推断, 选项D正确。原文主要说的是青少年犯罪而不是暴力, 所以选项C不正确。2.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“The change in 1957 . teen street crime.”1957年, 纽约市发生了一起青少年街头帮派杀人事件(今年前6个月有22起), 促使600名警察学院学员紧急部署, 以打击青少年街头犯罪。所以选项D错误。3.事实细节题。根据最后一段“Since the

57、 1950s, behavioral scientists . demonstrable link.”自20世纪50年代以来, 行为科学家和医学研究人员一直在研究银幕暴力, 认为它可能是美国不断上升的暴力犯罪率的原因之一。有令人信服的证据表明, 两者之间存在直接的联系。所以选项B正确。4.细节推理题。根据第四段倒数两句“In Los Angeles County . of over 1, 000 percent.”1953年洛杉矶县共有82个杀人犯。1992年, 杀人犯总数达到2512, 几乎翻了一番增加超过1000%。选项C正确。5.词义理解题。根据原文句意可知, “spiraling”指急

58、剧增长的。选项C与之意思相近。13. 单选题Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, （ ） their cleanness, toughness, and low cost.问题1选项A.in addition toB.by virtue ofC.as opposed toD.for the sake of【答案】B【解析】介词短语含义辨析。in addition to“除.之外（还有, 也）”;by virtue of“由于, 凭借”;as opposed to“与截然相反, 对照”;for the sake of“为了

59、, 为了的利益”。句意:塑料袋用来装各种食物很有用, 因为其卫生, 结实, 便宜。选项B符合语境。14. 单选题Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the PH is below 5. 0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged. （1 ） , the acid alters the blood chemist

60、ry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases （2 ） becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the （3） salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The imp

61、act is also （4 ） in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are （5 ） the decline.What potential remedies exist for the acid rain （6 ） ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be （7 ） to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we h

62、ad known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned （8 ） to prevent it. （9 ） , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another （10 ） is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good （11 ） of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more （12 ） fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in （13） acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a （14 ）