2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第67期

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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The smell of food（）the hungry children into the house.问题1选项A.entertainedB.enticedC.exterminatedD.expelled【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。entertained娱乐，款待；enticed吸引，诱使；exterminated消灭，根除；expelled驱逐，开除。句意：饥饿的孩子们被食物的香味吸引进屋。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题frightened and desert it.问题1选项A.should beB.wo

2、uld beC.will beD.could be【答案】A【解析】考察虚拟语气。句意：当鸟类观察者们找到一个鸟巢时,他们会非常小心不去打扰,以免鸟妈妈受到惊吓而遗弃它。Lest表示“以免”,后面的虚拟语气通常用should+动词原形。所以选项A正确。3. 单选题The public opinion was that the time was not（）for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.问题1选项A.reasonableB.ripeC.readyD.practical【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。reason

3、able明理的,理智的；ripe成熟的；ready准备好的；practical实际的,现实的。根据前面的time可知，这里指时机不成熟。选项B符合句意。句意：舆论认为，选举像琼斯先生这样激进的候选人的时机还不成熟。4. 单选题（）prohibited in many countries.问题1选项A.The hunting of certain rare animalsB.The hunting of certain rare animals isC.Hunting certain rare animals areD.Hunting of certain rare animals are【答案

4、】B【解析】语法题。选A没有谓语动词可首先排除。根据句意：在许多国家,捕获稀有动物是被禁止的。这里指的是捕获稀有动物这件事，所以谓语动词应该为单数，不能被前面的animals迷惑，所以本题选B。5. 单选题People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the present, and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from

5、 the past. But it is not true that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.A tremendous change in the conditions of human life and in our knowledge and control of the natural world has taken place since ancient times. The anc

6、ients could not, however, see in advance our contemporary technical and social environment, and hence have no advice to offer us about the particular problems facing us. But, although social and economic arrangements vary with time and place, man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common

7、 human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.The poets bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the wind on his cheek, was possessed by love and desire, experienced joy and excitement as well as frustration and disappointment, and knew good and evil

8、. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic problems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.We also learn from the past by c

9、onsidering the respects in which it differs from the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And part of the pastour personal past and that of the racealways lives in us.1.According to the writer, our past can teach

10、us quite a lot because （）2.In the second paragraph, the writer places great emphasis on the fact that （）3.Judging from the context, the reason for the writer to talk about the poets is that （）4.In the first line of the last paragraph, the sentence “We can discover where we are today.” means （）5.Whic

11、h of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.it is very different from the presentB.it is quite the same as the presentC.we can draw many lessons from itD.we are not working so hard as the people in the past问题2选项A.human nature does not change easilyB.a great change has take

12、n place in the conditions of human lifeC.social arrangements change quicklyD.it is impossible to ask the ancient people to give us useful advice问题3选项A.they tried to talk to people who were to come after themB.they knew good and evil better than other peopleC.they were the most emotional people in th

13、eir timesD.they recorded the life of ancient people in their poems问题4选项A.we can know how much development we have madeB.we can identify where we are living at the present ageC.we can learn more about our problemsD.we can travel to any place quite easily问题5选项A.Our present has little in common with th

14、e past.B.Past human experiences can be used to serve the present.C.Some people in the past predicted things in our age accurately.D.Our present age is basically similar to the past one.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的最后一句“We can learn much of value from its similarity and its differen

15、ce.”可知, 过去可以教会我们很多, 因为我们可以从中获得经验教训。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的最后两句“., man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature .”尽管社会和经济随着时间和地点而改变, 但我们依旧是我们。我们和古人有着共同的人性, 因此也有共同的经历和问题。所以作者强调的是人性是没有变化的。选项A正确。3.判断推理题。根据第三段的最后一句“And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic prob

16、lems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.”古代的先知和哲学家, 在处理人类共同生活在社会中的基本问题时, 对我们依然适用。由此推断, 作者提到诗人的原因是因为他们将古人的生活写进了他们的诗。4.判断推理题。根据句意, 通过了解过去人们的所作所为和思想, 我们可以发现我们今天在哪里, 我们变成了什么样子。这里与过去对比, 说明我们现如今的生活有很大的进步。所以选项A符合原文。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段就可知, 本文主要讲过去对我们的重要性, 过去和现在相关联, 但是过去和现在有相似但也有不

17、同, 所以选项A和D错误, 选项B古人的经历对现在依然有影响, 符合原文。6. 单选题I dont think it is（）to reconstruct the destroyed forest ecosystem in a few years.问题1选项A.plausibleB.notableC.considerableD.feasible【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。plausible可信的；notable显著的；considerable值得考虑的；feasible可行的。句意：我认为在几年内重建受破坏的森林生态系统是不可行的。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题Water will conti

18、nue to be（）it is today - next in importance to oxygen.问题1选项A.howB.whichC.asD.what【答案】C【解析】句意：水将继续保持现在的状态,即重要性仅次于氧的这种状态。as.正如.一样,选项C符合句意。8. 单选题Using popular athletes to endorse and pitch companies and their products has become commonplace in advertising. U.S. companies paid more than $1 billion to ne

19、arly 2,000 athletes for endorsement deals and licensing rights in 1996 - a tenfold increase from just a decade ago. Nike alone spends more than $100 million a year on endorsement contracts. The average athlete on the Forbes super 40 list of top-earning athletes commands around $250,000 a year for a

20、national endorsement. Superstar Michael Jordan, the athlete who makes the most from endorsements, considers only multiyear deals that pay at least $10 million. In addition to the endorsement fees, companies spend another $10 billion to advertise and promote their association to these athletes.While

21、companies are investing huge sums of money into the concept that athletes make good promoter, they are also recognizing that choosing a celebrity endorser is no longer a matter of personal taste and top-management whimsy. Several companies have been badly burned when their high-priced endorsers were

22、 involved in messy scandals and controversies. Hertz Corp, used O. J. Simpson as its spokesperson for 20 years and lost all of that equity when he was accused of murdering his ex-wife and her friend. Smaller companies face even greater risks when they entrust their name and image to an athlete. When

23、 Dallas Cowboys football star Michael Irvin was caught in a motel room with strippers and drugs, 13 Toyota dealerships that paid him $120,000 to do a series of commercials had little choice but to pull the ads and swallow the $400,000 in production costs. When Irvin refused to return his payment, as

24、 well as a $50,000 car the dealerships had lent him, they sued, the case settled out of court.Risk management has become a major consideration for companies considering using athletes as endorsers. However, many marketers are willing to take chance on irreverent or rebellious athletes whose outlandi

25、sh behavior draws attention to them. For example, basketball star Dennis Rodman has parlayed his bad image into endorsement contracts with Nike, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Comfort Inn, and Converse. Rodmans sponsors believe he appeals to the elusive Generation X market that these companies are trying to

26、reach. However, Rodmans antics have become too much for some companies. The Carls Jr. fast-food chain temporarily suspended its relationship with Rodman in early 1997 when he was suspended for kicking a courtside photographer during a game.Most companies are moving away from controversial athletes a

27、nd looking for ones who will not just attract attention but enhance the image of the company or brand they are endorsing. Their goal is to achieve an endorsers halo effect - a positive association that bathes the product in good vibes after a popular sports celebrity has pitched it. Marketers have d

28、iscovered that there are a number of “nice guys” available to endorse their products. Among them are tennis stars Pete Sampras and Michael Chang (who has emerged as the most popular athlete in Asia by far), San Francisco quarterback Steve Young, baseball iron man Cal Ripken Jr., Los Angeles Lakers b

29、asketball star Shaquille ONeal, hockey star Wayne Gretzky, and golfer Tiger Woods. Even former stars with likable personalities and images as positive role models are still popular, including Arnold Palmer, Joe Montana, Jim Palmer, Nolan Ryan, and Chris Evert,Perhaps nobody embodies the new breed of

30、 nice guy superstar better than basketball star Grant Hill. An All-American at Duke, he stayed all four years and graduated with his class. His father, Calvin, played football at Yale and was a star with the Dallas Cowboys. During his first two years in the NBA, Hill received more fan votes for a sp

31、ot on the NBA All-Star team than any other player, including Michael Jordan.The biggest beneficiary of Grant Hills nonabrasive, good-humored, All-American image has been Fila, and Italian company that signed Hill to an endorsement contract in 1994. Since signing Hill, Fila has become the third-large

32、st sneaker maker in the Unites States. Sales shot up 37 percent in 1995 and another 40 percent in 1996 to $750 million. Hills namesake shoe trails only Nikes Air Jordans in sale. Fila officials readily acknowledge that Hills “nice guys” image appeals to the current sensibilities of Middle American.T

33、hree years ago basketball star Charles Barkley appeared in a Nike commercial where he glowered at the camera and declared, “I am not a role model,” Since then, his endorsement take been cut in half. Hill readily acknowledges “I am a role model.” In addition to getting $6 million a year from Fila plu

34、s a 5 percent royalty on the sale of his shoes, Hill has endorse contract with Sprite, GMC trucks, Kelloggs and McDonalds. It appears that nice guys are finishing first in the endorsement game.1.Which of the following best states the main idea of this passage?2.According to the passage, basketball s

35、tar Grant Hill has endorse contract with （）3.Based on the passage, which of the following makes the most from endorsement?4.All of the following are regarded as “Nice Guys” available to endorse the products EXCEPT （）5.Fila, an Italian company first signed Grant Hill to an endorsement contract（）问题1选项

36、A.Dallas Cowboys football star Michael Irvin made 13 Toyota dealerships pull the ads and swallow the $400,000 in production costs.B.“Nice guys” have far more effects on U.S. companies than the irreverent athletes.C.Basketball star Grant Hill, embodies the new breed of nice guy superstar better than

37、any other athlete.D.Risk management has become a major consideration for companies considering using athletes as endorsers.问题2选项A.McDonaldsB.NikeC.Pizza HutD.Hertz Corp.问题3选项A.Grant HillB.Dennis RodmanC.Michael JordanD.O. J. Simpson问题4选项A.Michael ChangB.Steve YoungC.Shaquille ONealD.Dennis Rodman问题5

38、选项A.in 1996B.in 1995C.in 1994D.in 1993【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据原文中第三段的第一句“Risk management has become a major consideration for companies considering using athletes as endorsers.”可知本句为全文的中心句。所以选项D正确。选项A只是文中提到的一个例子；选项B, C描述不准确。所以本题选D。2.细节事实题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“.Hill has endorse contract wi

39、th Sprite, GMC trucks, Kelloggs and McDonalds.”可知选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Superstar Michael Jordan, the athlete who makes the most from endorsements, considers only multiyear deals that pay at least $10 million.”可知选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第四段“Marketers have discovered that there are a number of “nice guys” a

40、vailable to endorse their products. Among them are. ”选项A, B, C均有提及；根据第三段“basketball star Dennis Rodman has parlayed his bad image into endorsement contracts with Nike, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Comfort Inn, and Converse.”可知Dennis Rodman的形象不太好。所以本题选D。5.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段的第一句“The biggest beneficiary of Grant

41、 Hills nonabrasive, good-humored, All-American image has been Fila, and Italian company that signed Hill to an endorsement contract in 1994.”可知选项C正确。9. 单选题Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, ph

42、otography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composi

43、tion. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910, he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance

44、. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means o

45、f creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow such a story, Griffith pers

46、isted and experimented as well with other elements which have become standard ever since.Besides developing the cinemas language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early movies included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also

47、such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatment of social issues. As his success mounted, his ambitions grew. When he made a new movie in 1911, he insisted that a subject of importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. One of his movies reached

48、 the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hours running time. Griffiths introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（）2.The author suggests that Griffiths film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following

49、 except （）3.It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was （）4.It can be inferred that Griffith would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?5.The authors attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can be best describ

50、ed as（）问题1选项A.discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of cinemaB.describe the impact on cinema of the flashbacks and other editing innovationsC.document Griffiths impact on the choice of subject matter in American filmsD.deplore the state of American cinema before the Griffith问题2选项A.fi

51、lm editingB.scene composingC.camera workD.sound editing问题3选项A.15minutes or lessB.between 30 and 45 minutesC.between 15 and 30 minutesD.one hour or more问题4选项A.The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as possible.B.The most important element contributing to a films success is the

52、 ability of the actors.C.The camera should be considered an integral and active element in the creation of a film.D.The cinema should emphasize serious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems.问题5选项A.sympatheticB.indifferentC.nostalgicD.condescending【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.作者意

53、图题。文章第一段第一句就提到“Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith.”电影艺术的成熟是David W. Griffith的个人成就, 接下来全文主要讲Griffith对电影事业的发展做出的贡献, 也就是讲述其重要性。所以选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。文章第一段主要讲述了拍摄技巧上的创新, 顺便也提到了场景组合, 所以选项B、C正确；第二段主要讲述了视频剪辑的创新, 所以选项A也正确, 第三段提到的是电影语言

54、而不是声音的处理, 所以选项D不正确。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段后半部分的内容：1911年, Griffith拍摄了一部新电影, 他坚持认为一个重要的主题不能用当时传统的一卷胶卷的长度来处理。所以这部电影达到了前所未有的四卷, 即一小时的放映时间。格里菲斯引进的美国制作的多卷电影开始了一场巨大的革命。由此推断, 1910年以前, 电影正常放映的时间是一个胶卷的时间, 4个胶卷为1个小时, 所以1个胶卷的时间为15分钟, 选项A正确。4.判断推理题。选项A在文中没有合理的论据；文中没有涉及到演员对电影的重要性, 所以选项B错误；选项D电影应该强调对人类基本问题的严肃而冷静的审视, 在文中也没有

55、相关论据可以证明, 所以错误。选项C摄影应该被认为是电影创作中不可或缺的积极因素, 符合原文。5.观点态度题。sympathetic同情的；indifferent漠不关心的；nostalgic怀旧的；condescending谦逊的。根据第一段的第二句“Before Griffith, photography.”作者只是很平淡的讲述这一事实, 没有任何带感情色彩的褒义或者贬义词, 所以作者的态度是谦逊的, 选项D正确。10. 单选题When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure（）

56、to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.preferenceC.selectionD.alternative【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。substitute替代物；preference偏爱；selection选择,指从相当数量中进行选择,强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；alternative可供选择的,强调在两个中选一个。句意：旅游的时候建议你带上旅行支票,作为携帯现金的一个安全替代方式。选项D正确。11. 单选题The notes above were set down for a lecture in 1967, and I fi

57、nd myself now making a few changes to bring them up to date, none of much consequence.（1）I see the case now, there is one point these old notes seem to be driving（2）which never quite gets articulated but which（3）a lot for me these days. It seems（4）, in fact; and especially so perhaps in view of the

58、present condition of American poetry. Far more than the reality of the scene, which I nonetheless highly prize, I would call（5）now to the absolute purity of style achieved in this little masterpiece, and effortlessly achieved,（6）to be equaled even by Williams. Other poems by Williams - certainly poe

59、ms by other poets are much richer（7）what they encompass;（8）vision is deeper and the character of the poet stands as a more affecting human presence. Often enough the language is more（9）. But this poem is perfectly said. Lean, streamlined; and there is（10）extra, no excrescence, no excess, no showing

60、off; nor indeed any shortcoming whatever. We have（11）we see; we have it exactly Art can aspire higher and no doubt, at times, should.（12）not always. I think of Wang Wei: the Chinese effect in general, here（13）. I begin to understand how a critic like Winters can argue that the brief lyric may be gre

61、ater than a complete tragedy,lyric can hope for perfection, a(n)（15）wholeness and unity. One of Williams many admirers has written（16）“Between Walls” that since “there is no living thing in the poem - just a mockery of the color of growing plants - the feeling of the poem is . sterile and airless.”

62、But this opinion can only be the result of an absurd prejudice, probably got up out of some all（17）simple understanding of the organic and the natural. There is no mockery in this green: imitation, yes, and, one might（18）suggest, a certain pathos and bravery in the imitation. There is more to（19）tha

63、n that, but there is, just glintingly, that. Meanwhile we do have also, thanking the muse of reality, pieces of a broken bottle, the real thing, as good as（20）green leaf here.问题1选项A.AsB.ThoughC.AndD.Because问题2选项A.toB.throughC.inD.at问题3选项A.acknowledgesB.calculatesC.makesD.counts问题4选项A.crucialB.impossibleC.mediocre