2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及模拟押密卷37（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Competition, they believe, （ ）the national character than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。enforce “强迫，强制”，confirm “确定”，intensify“使变得更强烈”，strengthen“增强力量”。句意：他们相信竞争能增强民族性，而不是使民族堕落。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题The initial results

2、of the experiment didnt （ ）quite as expected, to their disappointment.问题1选项A.take placeB.end upC.bring aboutD.turn out【答案】D【解析】动词短语。take place “发生”;end up “结束”；bring about “引起”; turn out “结果是”。句意：实验的初步结果并不是和他们预期的一样，这让他们感到沮丧。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems n

3、ot to（ ）, but rather to increase with every new discovery.问题1选项A.clarifyB.eliminateC.diminishD.extinguish【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。clarify “澄清，阐明”；eliminate “消除，淘汰”；diminish “减少，贬低”；extinguish “熄灭，使破灭”。句意：我们知道的事情和未知的事情之间的间距似乎没有减少，反而随着新事物的发现而增加了。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Einstein was a man deeply （ ） to the ideal of the m

4、orally responsible scientist.问题1选项A.affectedB.committedC.subjectedD.maintained【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。affect “影响”；commit “承诺”；subject “使服从”,maintain “维修”。爱因斯坦是一个决心成为有责任感的科学家的人。选项B符合题意。5. 翻译题 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 世界与宇宙的本质是什么？这是中国哲学的基本问题。春秋时期的思想家老子是第一个尝试进行阐释的中国哲学家，老子认为“道”乃宇宙

5、及世界之源。道无始终，“道”即“天”，“天”即“道”。老子主张“道法自然”。这个观点揭示了一个平凡但深刻的真理：天、地、人及世间的一切都有着自然的属性，人类作为自然的一部分应当遵循自然的法则，而不应无节制地向自然索取。【答案】What is the essence of the world and universe? This is a basic problem in Chinese philosophy. Lao Tze of spring and autumn period attempted to explain Chinese philosophy firstly. He thoug

6、h that “Tao” is the source of our world or universe. “Tao” has no end or beginning. And the universe is Tao, and Tao is universe. Lao Tze advocated the theory of “the rule is consistent with nature”, which shows us a simple but profound truth: All things in the world, including universe, earth and h

7、uman have natural attributes. As a part of nature, human beings shouldnt ask the nature for resources immoderately and need to obey the natures rules.6. 单选题As a （ ）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答

8、案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。flexible “灵活的，柔韧的”；versatile “多才多艺的”；sophisticated “世故的”；productive “高产的”。句意：作为一个多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞，而且会演奏很多种乐器。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows. （1 ）, medical authorities express their （2 ） about the

9、effect of smoking（3 ）the health not only of those who smoke but also of those who dont. In fact, non-smokers who must（4 ） inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may（5 ） more than the smokers themselves.A （6）number of our students have（7 ）in an effort to （8 ）the university to ban smoking in the cla

10、ssrooms. I believe they are（9）right in their aim. （10 ）, I would hope that it is （11 ）to achieve this by （12 ） the smokers to use good judgment and show concern（13 ） others rather than by regulation.I am therefore asking you to （14 ）“No Smoking” in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This

11、 will prove that you have the non-smokers health and well-being（15 ）, which is very important to a large number of our students.问题1选项A.StillB.MoreC.AgainD.Further问题2选项A.concernB.troubleC.interestD.displeasure问题3选项A.onB.inC.withD.to问题4选项A.involuntarilyB.instinctivelyC.spontaneouslyD.reluctantly问题5选项A

12、.endureB.sufferC.undergoD.put up with问题6选项A.fewB.considerableC.manyD.quantitative问题7选项A.linkedB.connectedC.associatedD.joined问题8选项A.makeB.persuadeC.causeD.commit问题9选项A.entirelyB.totallyC.justD.wholly问题10选项A.But thenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Moreover问题11选项A.likelyB.probablyC.capableD.possible问题12选项A.plead

13、ingB.beggingC.insistingD.calling on问题13选项A.withB.forC.toD.in问题14选项A.inscribeB.decorateC.maintainD.claim问题15选项A.on headB.in heartC.in mindD.in your brain【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B第11题:D第12题:D第13题:B第14题:C第15题:C【解析】（1）逻辑关系。前一句提到吸烟是引起同伴不愉快的原因，空格后一句提到医学权威表明吸烟还会损害人体健康，所以前后两句都是

14、表示吸烟会带来不好的影响，为递进关系。选项D符合题意。（2）固定搭配。concern “关心”；trouble “麻烦”；interest “兴趣，爱好”；displeasure “不愉快”。 句意：医学权威们表明了他们对吸烟带来健康危害问题的关心。concern about “关心，顾虑”。选项A符合题意。（3）固定搭配。effect on “对.的影响”，文中提到了抽烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者都有身体健康危害。选项A符合题意。（4）上下文语境。involuntarily “无心地，不自觉地”；instinctively “本能地”；spontaneously “自发地，自然地”；reluctan

15、tly “不情愿地，勉强地”句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟污染的空气。选项D符合题意，（5）近义词词义辨析。endure特指忍耐的时间较长，强调时间；suffer常指遭受某些糟糕的事情；put up with 指忍受、容忍一些小事；undergo指经历某些过程。句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟雾污染的空气，遭受到的伤害比吸烟的人还要多。选项B符合题意。（6）形容词词义辨析。few “几乎没有，少的”；considerable “相当大的”；many “大量的”，quantitative “定量的”。句意：大量的学生为教室禁烟做了努力。a considerable number of “大量的”，选项

16、B符合题意。（7）动词词义辨析。link “；连接，联系”；connect “连接”；associate “联系，关联”；join “加入”。句意：很多学生加入到这种教室禁烟活动中。选项D符合题意。（8）上下文语境。根据文章意思，是劝说学生们禁止在教室抽烟，persuade sb. to do sth. “劝说某人做某事”，选项B符合题意。（9）副词词义辨析。entirely “程度上整个地，彻底地”；totally “整个地”；just “仅仅，只”；wholly “全部，统统”。句意：他们在目的上完全是正确的，强调程度。选项A符合题意。（10）逻辑关系。前一句表示学生们在意图上是完全正确的

17、，空格后面就谈到希望吸烟者自己能通过自己的判断能力或者是提高对他人的关心去禁烟而不是靠一些规则。所以前后是转折关系。选项B符合题意。（11）近义词辨析。本空填形容词“可能的”，所以排除B选项。常用句型“sb. is likely to” 和 “it is likely that”，排除likely, capable “能干的，有能力的”，不符合文意，选项D符合题意。（12）动词词义解析。plead “恳求”；beg “请示”，语气更加强烈。insist “坚持”，在文章中是号召大家禁烟，所以用“call on”短语，选项D符合题意。（13）短语搭配。文章意思为表示对他人的关心，选项B符合题意。

18、（14）动词词义辨析。inscribe “雕刻”；decorate “装饰”；maintain “保持”；claim “声称”。句意：我在这里号召大家注意听众席、教室和研讨室的禁烟标识。选项C符合题意。（15）短语搭配。文章意思为将不吸烟的人的健康和幸福放在心上。“have.in mind”符合文意。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题We will see（ ） the children are properly educated.问题1选项A.to themB.to thatC.to it whetherD.to it that【答案】D【解析】考查语法。see to it that “确保，务必

19、”，句意：我们必须确保孩子们是被正确地教育的。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more（ ） emotion.问题1选项A.compellingB.abidingC.violentD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。compelling “引人注目的”；abiding “持久的”；violent “暴力的”；sophisticate “复杂的”。句意：乐趣是在一种行为

20、中体会到的。快乐是在行为之后体会到的。快乐的感受更深一些，并且更加持久一些。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste（ ）the petroleum that fuels much of American manufacturing.问题1选项A.in terms ofB.in favor ofC.in spite ofD.in place of【答案】D【解析】固定短语搭配。in terms of “按照”；in favor of “有利于”；in spite of “尽管”；in place o

21、f“代替”。句意：目标是利用农作物、杂草，甚至动物的排泄物代替石油来为美国制造业提供燃料。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题The spelling of many Old English words has been （ ）in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.问题1选项A.preservedB.preemptedC.revisedD.improved【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Preserve “保留，保护”；preempt “先占，取代”；revise“修订，校订”；improve “改善，提

22、高”。句意：许多古英语中单词的拼写在现代语言中被保留了，尽管它们的发音有变化。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题Always since the creation of celluloid, plastics have been found to have a multitude of industrial and com mercial uses.问题1选项A.AlwaysB.plasticsC.to haveD.a multitude of【答案】A【解析】根据题意，A选项句首应该为ever since“自从”，句意：自从发明了电影胶片，人们发现塑料有很多商业和工业的用途。选项A符合题意。13

23、. 单选题We shall probably never be able to（ ） the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.问题1选项A.assertB.impartC.ascertainD.notify【答案】C【解析】考查上下文动词词义解析。assert “维护，主张”；impart “给予，传授”；ascertain “确定，查明”；notify “通知，公布”。句意：我们也许永远不能确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。选项C符合题意14. 单选题The teacher wanted to make the students realiz

24、e that reading good literature is a good way to broaden their（ ）.问题1选项A.visionB.horizonC.scopeD.expansion【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。vision “幻觉” ;horizon “眼界，地平线” ;scope “范围” ;expansion “扩充”。句意：这位老师想让学生们意识到读一些好的文学作品是开阔视野的一个好的方法。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题Often such arguments have the effect of （ ）rather than clarifying the

25、 issues involved.问题1选项A.obscuringB.prejudicingC.tacklingD.blocking【答案】A【解析】考查近义词解析。obscure “使模糊不清；”prejudice “使有偏见”；tackle “阻碍”；block “阻塞”，句意：这样的争论经常会使问题变得含糊不清，而不能使问题更明确。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题They did not realize that they had （ ）a crime by cutting down the tree.问题1选项A.performedB.undertakenC.madeD.committe

26、d【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。perform “履行”; undertake “从事” ; make “制造”;commit “犯罪，承诺”。句意：他们没有意识到砍树这件事情使他们犯罪了。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题Stanley was（ ）by what I had said and when I realized this, I apologized to him for being so tactless. 问题1选项A.woundedB.frustratedC.resentedD.offended【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。Wound“伤害，使受伤”；frustrate“挫

27、败，阻挠”；resent“怨恨，愤恨”；offend“冒犯”。句意：斯坦利对我的话感到了被冒犯，当我意识到这一点，我为我的不得体向他道歉。18. 单选题The spontaneity of children s artwork sets it apart from the regulated uniformity of much of what otherwise go on in traditional elementary classrooms.问题1选项A.setsB.apart fromC.much ofD.go on【答案】D【解析】根据题中“much of those”可知，D选项

28、中go应该用第三人称单数形式“goes”，句意：儿童艺术作品的自发性有别于传统小学课堂上的规范的一致性。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题The gloves were really too small, and it was only by （ ） them that I managed to get them on.问题1选项A.spreadingB.squeezingC.extendingD.stretching【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。spread“传播，散步”；squeeze “压榨，榨取” ;extend “延长，扩展”；stretch “伸展，拉伸”。句意：这副手套太小了，只有

29、不停地拉伸它才能将它戴上。选项D符合题意。20. 单选题If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to（1 ）that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science（2 ） it

30、can make informed decisions and not （3 ） them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude（4 ） science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of（5 ） that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distru

31、sts science because it doesnt understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon （6 ） of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important （7 ） behind support for the Green parties.What can be done to（8 ）this interest and give the public the scientifi

32、c background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often（9 ） in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to

33、pass examinations, and they dont see its（10 ）to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way of describing mathematics ideas, they frighten most people.问题1选项A.assessB.discernC.ensureD.anticipate问题2选项A.becauseB.so th

34、atC.despite thatD.though问题3选项A.clutchB.leaveC.fabricateD.nurture问题4选项A.aboutB.withC.uponD.toward问题5选项A.livingB.lifeC.survivalD.lives问题6选项A.literatureB.personC.artD.figure问题7选项A.roleB.conceptC.elementD.index问题8选项A.constrainB.harnessC.fosterD.extinguish问题9选项A.presentedB.conductedC.portrayedD.utilized问

35、题10选项A.meaningB.contributionC.applicationD.relevance【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。assess “评估”;discern “辨别”; ensure “确保”;anticipate “预期”。句意：我们不能阻止科学和技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保这些改变是正确的。选项C符合题意。（2）逻辑推理。根据文意，在民主社会中，公民需要对科学有一个基本的了解，以便于他们可以自己做出明智的决定。选项B符合题意。（3）动词词义辨析。clutc

36、h “抓住”;leave “留给”;fabricate “编造”;nurture “养育”。句意：人们可以做出明智的决定，而不会把问题都留在专家手中。选项B符合题意。（4）短语搭配。attitude towards “对的态度”，选项D符合题意。（5）短语搭配。根据文意，人们想要提高生活水平，故 “standard of living” 生活水平符合题意。选项A符合题意。（6）根据文意，人们对科学的不信任，体现在动画中塑造的那些科学家卡通人物，他们在实验室制造科学怪人。选项D符合题意。（7）名词词义辨析。role “角色，任务”； concept “概念，想法” ；element “要素” ；

37、index “指数”。句意：这个在支持绿党中发挥着重要作用。选项A符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。constrain “强迫”；harness “利用”；foster “ 培养”；extinguish “ 熄灭”。句意：为了让公众们做出明智的决定，我们应该怎么做去培养他们的兴趣以及给他们提供科学背景呢？选项C符合题意。（9）动词词义辨析。present “提出”；conduct “指挥，管理”，portray “描绘” ；utilize “利用”。句意：但是在学校，科学往往是以一种枯燥无味的方式描绘出来的。选项C符合题意。（10）名词词义辨析。meaning “ 含义”；contribution “ 贡献”；application “应用”；relevance “相关性”根据文意，孩子们学习科学只是为了通过考试，不了解科学对他们周围的世界带来的好处。选项B符合题意。