2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第10期

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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The government and Microsoft plan to sell around the world Britains new system for online transactions between citizens and government after its successful launch in the UK. A key step in the governments $1.4 billion e-government program has been online payment

2、 for the Inland Revenues pay-as-you-earn scheme, some Customs and Excise value added tax procedure, and claims for European Union subsidies for farmers all go live in the past month. At a presentation in Seattle today, Bill Gates, Microsofts co-founder and chairman, will demonstrate the British syst

3、em to 400 government officials from 80 countries to show how citizens and businesses can interact with government over the Internet.“Although some US states are using leading edge technology, Europe in general, and the UK in particular, is well ahead in implementing e-government initiatives. It shou

4、ld put the citizen at the center of the government,” says Davide Vigano, general manager of public sector at the software group, “The projects have been implemented in just 15 weeks using Microsofts net technology,” said Andrew Pinder, the governments e-envoy. “This is a key piece of infrastructure,

5、 brought in on time and on budget,” he said.The secure transaction technology is to be rolled out through about 200 central government departments and agencies and 482 local government institutions over the next five years in the drive to have all of the government online by 2005. The successful imp

6、lementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1, 000 staff dedicated to government business.“This is a milestone for Microsoft,” said Barry Goffe, group manager, net enterprise solutions at the Redwood, Wa

7、shington state-based company. “Two years ago, when the technology for successful integration did not exist, we would have walked away.” The hardware was supplied by Dell, and the servers are managed by Cable and Wireless. The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows informatio

8、n to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms. “People want to hang on to their legacy systems which have been massive investments, but integrating these has proven difficult and expensive in the past. Its astonishing how the friction has been wiped out by XML, w

9、hich reduces paperwork, reduces complexity and slashes costs,” said Mr. Goffe.1. The e-government software is part of Microsoffs _.2. Two years ago, the e-government program was still impossible due to the lack of _.问题1选项A.enterprise software businessB.most profit-making productsC.secure transaction

10、 technologyD.most sophisticated technology问题2选项A.advanced hardwareB.efficient severs managementC.the language protocol XMLD.research funding【答案】第1题:A第2题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第三段第二句The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise softwa

11、re business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1, 000 staff dedicated to government business.（这一成功实施对微软来说是一场政变，微软正试图建立自己的企业软件业务，并将目标对准了电子政府）。A选项“软件企业”，根据文章内容，微软把电子政府作为软件企业，A选项正确。B选项“最赚钱的产品”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。C选项“安全交易技术”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“最精湛技术”，不符合题意，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以

12、定位到文章最后一段第四句The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows information to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms.（该技术基于XML，这是一种新的语言协议，允许对信息进行标记，然后在不同平台上的计算机之间轻松交换）。由此可推测，两年前电子政府不可能是因为缺乏语言协议XML。C选项“语言协议XML”符合题意，C选项正确。A选项“硬件强化”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除

13、。B选项“高效的塞维管理”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“研究经费”，文章所说，整合这些系统既困难又昂贵，XML降低了复杂性，并削减了成本，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。2. 单选题First the good news: 9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008, despite the economy. And now the bad, even if its not so sur

14、prising: The number of people who said their employer reduced the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.Thats according to a survey from Gallup and health management company Healthways. Nearly each day in 2008, about 1,000

15、 adults were asked about their physical, emotional, economic and workplace well-being. When it came to their work environment, many of the 355,334 people surveyed by phone were positive. But there were some labor pains.Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, use

16、d their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”. That was the lowest score of any state on a work environment index that was compiled by calculating positive responses in those four areas. Utah nabbed top honors, with 59% of its resp

17、ondents saying those four elements were prevalent in work lives. Among the biggest differences between Utah and Hawaii: 73% of Utah respondents said their supervisor created a trusting environment, while only 58% of folks in Hawaii felt that way. The national average was 65%. The GallupHealthways AH

18、IP Congressional Report didnt offer any insights into why Utah ruled and Hawaii ranked so poorly on the workplace front.Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions. “Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great,” sa

19、ys Jim Harter, a chief scientist of workplace and well-being at Gallup.Utah has done well in separate workplace studies, as well. After considering factors such as unemployment rate, job growth, income growth, median household income and the cost of living, Moodys E named its capital, Salt Lake City

20、, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007 and 2008. But those glory days have faded, says Gus Faucher, Moodys E director of macroeconomics. Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states. The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Researc

21、h. Salt Lake Citys recession began in November 2008, according to Moodys E.From a non-economic angle, Faucher says he can see why Utah would earn strong marks on the work front. “The state is really Mormon, so there is a sense of solidarity” among many employees, he says. “People feel very connected

22、 to each other.” Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace, Faucher says. Thats the case at the Wasatch Music Coaching Academy in Salt Lake City, school owner David Murphy says. Most instructors are between 22 and 35 y

23、ears old and are extremely passionate and excited about teaching students, he says. Murphy, 52, who says he has a “dream” job, takes a collaborative approach in managing all staffers, “I see myself working side by side with my staff, not over my staff.”1. What can we infer from the first two paragra

24、phs?2. From Paragraph 4, we can infer all of the following EXCEPT that _.3. The author mentions several factors that will affect the happiness of people EXCEPT: _.4. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?5. Why could Utah earn strong marks on the work front?问题1选项A.The economy of

25、 2008 was still steady.B.More people had to change their jobs.C.From Jan. to Apr., about 54,000 people lost their jobs.D.Most of the people surveyed felt hopeless.问题2选项A.Hawaiis residents may feel more relaxedB.the word “paradise” may refer to HawaiiC.people may prefer living in Hawaii to working th

26、ereD.Jim Harter may be a scientist in Hawaii问题3选项A.Physical healthB.Psychological conditionC.Places they come fromD.Working environment问题4选项A.Salt Lake City is the best place to work in forever.B.Utahs economy never encountered recession.C.Hawaii is a best place for entertainment and work.D.Many cit

27、ies in the United States have encountered economic depression.问题5选项A.The sense of solidarity and passions of young employees.B.Good regulations set by the government.C.Favorite climate.D.Good geographical location.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“2008年的经济保持稳定”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句9

28、 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008.（90%的人说他们对自己的工作或目前的工作感到满意，而且在整个2008年这一比例都保持稳定），2008年，90%对工作满意度呈平稳趋势，可排除A选项。B选项“更多的人不得不换工作”，可以定位到文章第一段最后一句The number of people who said their employer reduced the size of the workforce

29、 rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.（今年，声称雇主裁员的人数大幅上升，从第一季度的15%上升到第四季度的23%），雇主削减了劳动力规模的人数在今年大幅上升，可以推测更多的人不得不更换工作，B选项正确。C选项“从1月到4月，大约有54000人失业”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“大多数接受调查的人感到绝望”，文章提到许多人对工作环境持肯定态度，因此大多数人不会感到绝望，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判

30、断题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段。D选项“吉姆哈特可能是夏威夷的科学家”，文章第四段没有提到此内容，D选项正确。A选项“夏威夷的居民可能会感到更放松”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），文章所说夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是夏威夷的居民会感到放松，A选项排除。B选项“天堂这个词可能指的是夏威夷”，可以定位

31、到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可以推测天堂也就是代指前面的夏威夷，B选项可排除。C选项“人们可能更喜欢住在夏威夷而不是在那里工作”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），也就是夏威夷不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。

32、C选项“他们来自哪里”，文章没有提到，他们来自哪里会影响他们的幸福感，C选项正确。A选项“身体健康”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是身体健康会影响人们的幸福感，A选项可排除。B选项“心理状态”，心理状态会影响人们的幸福感，B选项可排除。D选项“工作环境”，可以定位到文章第三段第一句Jus

33、t 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”（在夏威夷的受访者中，只有47%的人对自己的工作感到满意，在工作中发挥自己的优势，被上司视为合作伙伴，在一个“开放、信任的环境”中工作），文章提到在“开放、信任的环境”中工作，会对工作感到满意，人们的幸福感也就会提升

34、，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“美国许多城市都遭遇了经济萧条”，文章倒数第二段倒数第二句The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.（根据美国国家经济研究局的数据，这场全国性的衰退始于2007年12月），也就是美国经济经历了全国大萧条，D选项正确。A选项“盐湖城永远是最好的工作场所”，文章倒数第二段第五句Salt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work

35、in for 2007（盐湖城评为2007年美国最适宜工作的城市），没有提到是永远适宜工作的地点，A选项可排除。B选项“犹他州的经济从未遭遇过衰退”，可以定位到文章倒数第二段倒数第三句Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states.（犹他州的房地产泡沫破灭的时间比大多数州都晚），但并不是从没有经历衰退，B选项可排除。C选项“夏威夷是娱乐和工作的最佳场所”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在

36、天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可推测夏威夷可能不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace（此外，由于犹他州的高出生率，年轻员工的数量也非常多，他们经常为工作增添热情），这也就是犹他州能够获得高分的原因。A选项“年轻员工的团结感和激情”符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选

37、项“政府制定的良好规章制度”，文中没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“最喜欢的气候”，气候并不是造成犹他州取得高分的原因，C选项可排除。D选项“地理位置优越”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists. But in the first extensive analysis of the way that fellowships in science are a

38、warded, which is published this week in Nature, Christine Wenneras and Agnes Wold, microbiologists at Gothenburg University, in Sweden, found that these factors matter as much as, if not more than, scientific merit.Peer review, the evaluation (often anonymous) of a piece of scientific work by other

39、scientists in the same field, is central to the way in which science proceeds. Journals use it to help decide whether to publish papers and funding agencies use it when deciding to whom to award grants.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold analyzed the reviews of the 114 applications that the Swedish Medical Re

40、search Council received for the 20 postdoctoral fellowships it offered in 1995. Of the applicants, 46% were women, of the successful recipients, of the awards only 20% were women.In principle, of course, that might reflect their abilities. In practice, other factors seem to be at work.When the counc

41、il gets a grant application, it is evaluated by five reviewers, on three measures: scientific competence, the proposed methodology and the relevance of the research. Each measure is given a score of between zero and four; each reviewers scores are multiplied together, giving a single score between z

42、ero and 64; and finally, the scores from the reviewers are averaged together, giving the total score.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold identified, after careful analysis, two factors that improved the scores significantly: being male and knowing a reviewer. In fact, the difference was so great that in order

43、 to get the same competence score as a man, a woman would need either to know someone on the committee or to have published three more papers than the man in Nature or Science. It is often joked that a woman has to be twice as good as a man to do well; Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold found that she would

44、need to be, on average, 2.5 times as good on their measures to be rated as highly by reviewers. Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.1. What is this passage mainly about?2. What is the ot

45、her most important factor beside sex that may affect peer review scores?3. What does the author suggest by using “supposedly” in the last sentence?4. This piece of writing is most likely _.问题1选项A.Abuses in peer reviewB.Favoritism in granting fellowshipsC.A comparison of male and female scientistsD.S

46、ex discrimination in the science world问题2选项A.ConnectionsB.Publication of papers in major science journalsC.Competence of the researcherD.Methods used by the research问题3选项A.It is no longer fashionable for women to write under male names.B.Bias against women still exists today.C.Women today are on an

47、equal footing with men.D.Nowadays women do as well in science as men.问题4选项A.a news reportB.a research paperC.a lectureD.an argument【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，由题干可以定位到文章第一段，性别本不是评判科学的标准，但这个因素与科学价值同等重要，甚至更重要。D选项“科学世界中的性别歧视”，符合文章的内容大意，文章主要讲的是在科学界的性别歧视，D选项正确。B选项“同行评审中的弊端”，文章虽有

48、提到这个内容，但不是文章的主要内容，因此可排除B选项。C选项“男性和女性科学家的比较”，文章部分内容有提到，但不是文章主要内容，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists（性与联系：这些都不是评判科学的标准，尤其是科学家），虽说如此，但在下文出现了转折，也就是说这两点是会作为评判标准因此可推测影响评判标准除了性别还

49、有联系。A选项“联系”，符合文章内容。A选项正确。B选项“在主要科学期刊上发表论文”，文章说同行评议是为了帮助决定是否发表论文，可排除B选项。C选项“研究人员的能力”，同行评议可能会反映个人能力，能力的高低并不会成为决定性因素，可排除C。D选项“研究采用的方法”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly ob

50、solete tradition, and apply under a male name.（在这种情况下，有抱负的女性或许应该回到一个历史悠久但被认为过时的传统，用男性的名字申请），因此可推测，对于女性的歧视，仍然存在。B选项“对妇女的偏见今天仍然存在”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“女性用男性的名字写作已不再时髦”，名字的表面内容并不是作者想表达的，因此A选项可排除。C选项“今天妇女与男子处于平等地位”，妇女和男子不可能处于平等地位，因此C选项可排除。D选项“现在女性在科学领域的表现和男性一样好”，文章所说，妇女要表现得好于男性的2.5倍才可能达到男性的待遇，D选项可排除。因此B选

51、项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干这篇文章最有可能是，通读全文，可以推测这篇文章最有可能为一则新闻报道。A选项“一则新闻报道”正确。B选项“研究论文”，根据文章内容来看，论文需要更严谨，因此可排除B选项。C选项“一堂讲座”，讲座的内容需要更口语化，因此也可排除C选项。D选项“一场辩论赛”，文章没有体现争论，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Most people feel stress at some time on their lives. Some people like this pressure and work better because of it.

52、Other people are not comfortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stress. Sometimes stress can lead people to do things they wouldnt usually do, such as overeat, smoke, drink, or use drugs. Stress, however, is a very normal part of life.It is important to understand that

53、 stress doesnt come from an event itself; that is from the things that are happening in our lives. It comes from the meaning we give to what has happened. For example, a crying baby may be stressful to one person, but it may not bother another person at all; a traffic jam may be stressful to one per

54、son while another person may be able to stay calm. We can experience stress any time we feel we dont control. It can come from a feeling that we cant do anything about a situation. Basically, it is the bodys way of showing anxiety or worry. Stress is not just caused by our mental or emotional condit

55、ion. It is also influenced by how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercises, and whether we are relaxed.The point at which stress becomes a problem changes from day to day, even for the same person, in some situation, if

56、 we are rested and feel good about ourselves, a little stress will not be a problem. In another situation, if we are tired or feel unsure about our abilities, even a small amount of stress can cause problems. For example, we might begin to worry about things that havent happened yet instead of worki

57、ng on things that are happening now. Or we might not feel able to find solutions to everyday problems.If we feel stressed, there are several things that we can do. First, we need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly. We can also take some time out of our worried, busy schedule to no

58、tice the small things in life. Smell the air, look at the flowers, notice the small designs in the leaves on a treethese activities can do much to quiet us and to give ourselves a small break in a busy schedule.We need to take care of our bodies. Being tired makes it easier for us to get sick and to

59、 develop physical problems related to stress. We need to get enough rest, eat well, and do some regular exercise. Scientists have found that for our minds to think clearly, our bodies need to have certain vitamins and minerals; some of the most important vitamins are the B-complex vitamins. Doing re

60、gular exercise is also a physical way to let go of angry feelings or feelings of helplessness.Finally, we need to find what is causing the stress in our lives. Once we have found it, we need to begin to change that part of our lives. If we believe that we can control stress we can begin to control o

61、ur lives. Then we can start to use stress in a positive way.1. The passage is mainly concerned with _.2. All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT that _.3. Which of the following is NOT among the solutions to stress provided by the passage?4. Which of the following is correct according to

62、the passage?5. The passage talks about many aspects of stress EXCEPT _.问题1选项A.stressB.physical exerciseC.dietsD.anxiety问题2选项A.whether we like it or not, stress is a normal part in our livesB.something stressful to one person may be nothing at all to anotherC.stress is something that we can hardly co

63、ntrol because it appears almost everywhere in our livesD.whether stress causes problems or not mainly depends on we feel about ourselves问题3选项A.We need to take care of our bodies.B.We need to discuss it with a psychological doctor.C.We need to find what is causing the stress in our lives.D.We need to

64、 learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly.问题4选项A.Stress is always a good thing.B.Stress is horrible to most people.C.Whether stress brings about peoples happiness depends on the attitudes of people.D.Smoking and drinking are caused by stress.问题5选项A.how to use stress in a positive wayB.the way stress is formedC.how to relieve stressD.how to help people who take drugs as a victim of stress