2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第12期

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The news about the nuclear power station that was damaged by the earthquake was_.问题1选项A.negativeB.encouragingC.seriousD.positive【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. negative 消极的 B. encouraging令人鼓舞的C. serious严肃的；严重的 D. positive积极的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意可知，核电站被损是一件很严肃的事情。因为会导致核泄漏等

2、不良影响。C选项serious“严肃的，严重的”满足句意。【干扰项排除】B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。核电站被损这件事情并不是好的事情；A选项negative通常指消极的负面的，形容态度或者某件事的影响。【句意】关于核电站被地震破坏的消息是很严重的。2. 单选题Other guests at yesterdays opening ceremony, which was broadcast（ ）by the radio station included the Governor and the Mayor.问题1选项A.aliveB.liveC.livelyD.living【答案】

3、B【解析】考查近义词辨析。alive“活着的，活泼的，有生气的”；live“直播的，活的”；lively“活泼的，生动的”；living“现存的，活跃的，逼真的”。句意：昨天，广播电台现场直播的开幕式上，其他来宾包括州长和市长。由broadcast可推知是现场直播。故B项正确。3. 单选题It is through learning that the individual_ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains

4、保持 B. gains获得C. achieves达到；实现 D. acquires获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situations做habitual ways的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项achieve得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和h

5、abitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。4. 单选题Walter Anderson_ the Horatio Alger Society the same year I did.问题1选项A.joins the ranks ofB.join the rank ofC.joined the rank ofD.joined the ranks of【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. joins the ranks of 成为的一员 B. join the rank of 加入的阶层C. joined the rank of 加入了的阶层 D.

6、 joined the ranks of 成为了的一员【考察点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据句意，这个人应该是加入了某个团体组织的成员。所以用ranks of，表示加入了（团体或组织的成员）。句中the same year I did是一个时间状语，I did 做时间状语中的定语，因此该句应该为过去式。所以选D【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后进行搭配。【句意】沃尔特安德森在我加入的同一年加入了霍雷肖阿尔杰协会。5. 单选题The exam would finish at 11:30, we still have 10 minutes _ before we hand in our p

7、aper.问题1选项A.in handB.in caseC.in the name ofD.in the way【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. in hand 在手头；在进行中 B. in case万一；假使C. in the name of 以的名义 D. in the way 妨碍；挡道【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，前半句表示考试将在十一点半结束，空格前表示我们还有十分钟，空格后为交卷前，引申含义为我们还有十分钟交卷，即卷子在手中还有十分钟。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】考试将在11点半结束，在交卷之前我们还有10分钟。6.

8、 翻译题As one of the oldest civilizations of the world, China has a long history and brilliant culture. After entering the era of civilization in the Xia Dynasty, China created glorious science and culture. The compass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing are considered to be the four great inventions

9、 of ancient China, which have contributed immensely to the civilization of the world and the progress of mankind. The Silk Road of China, the oldest trade route in the world, largely promoted the cultural exchange between the East and the West.【答案】中国是世界上最古老的文明之一，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。中国在夏朝时开始进入文明时代之后，创造了辉煌的

10、科技和文化。指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术是中国古代的四大发明，对世界文明和人类的进步做出了极大的贡献。中国的丝绸之路世界上最古老的贸易通道极大地促进了东西方文化的交流。7. 翻译题The express way is not only a bridge leading a country into modernization, but also an essential condition for the development of modern transportation. In recent years, Chinas express ways have experienced a f

11、lourishing development, with a total mileage of 96,000 kilometers by 2012, ranking the second in the world. The total mileage will reach 108,000 kilometers after the construction of the national express way network is completed. By then, over 90% of the cities with an urban population of more than 2

12、00,000 will have been covered. Express ways create new development opportunities and space for road transportation, adding vitality to the economic take-off along the way. Nowadays, it has become one of the most important factors in driving the domestic demand and fuelling the rapid development of e

13、conomy.【答案】高速公路是一个国家走向现代化的桥梁，也是发展现代交通业的必要条件。近几年，中国高速公路蓬勃发展，截止到2012年，中国高速公路的总里程已经达到9.6万公里，位居世界第二。国家高速公路网建成后，通车里程将达10.8万公里，届时将覆盖超过90%的拥有20万以上城镇人口的城市。高速公路为道路运输创造了新的发展机遇和空间，也为沿线的经济腾飞增添了活力。现在，它已成为拉动内需、促进经济快速发展的重要因素之一。8. 单选题The firemen（ ）the abandoned warehouse for potential fire hazards.问题1选项A.scannedB.i

14、nspectedC.scrutinizedD.audited【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。scan“浏览，扫视”；inspect“检查，仔细挑剔”；scrutinize“细看，仔细阅读，仔细挑剔地检查”；audit“审计，查账”。句意：消防员检查了废弃仓库是否存在潜在的火灾隐患。B项符合题意。9. 翻译题1.In present-day technology man makes tremendous demands on the materials available to him. The demand is not only for huge quantities of material

15、s such as timber, concrete, steel and plastics for constructional purposes. It is also for smaller but crucial amounts of materials which are less easily obtainable. Materials such as uranium and titanium do not exist in large quantities but they possess unusual properties which make them essential

16、for certain highly specialized uses.2.Computers are electronic machines for processing data. Data are pieces or items of information that have been properly prepared so that the machine can work with them. Processing means handling or manipulating the material that has been presented to the machine

17、in such ways as performing calculations, classifying information, or making comparisons. A computer is made of millions of electronic devices that can store the data or switch them through complex circuits with different functions at incredible speeds.3.在传统的中国家庭中，成年子女与年长父母生活在一个屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策以来

18、，中国家庭经历了许多变化，其中一个变化是核心家庭成为主导。当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家里时，父母才四五十岁，他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空巢综合征。他们忽然感到孤独、悲伤、无用、消沉。【答案】1.当今的技术人员对可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。这种需求不仅适用于诸如木材、 混凝土、钢铁以及用于建筑目的的塑料等数量巨大的材料，也适用于较少但至关重要，且不易获得的材料。铀和钛这样一类材料并不大量存在，但它们具有非凡的特性，这使得它们成为某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。2.计算机是处理数据的电子机器。数据是已被适当准备好以便机器能够使用的信息片段或项目。加工指的是对呈现在机器上的材料进行

19、处理或操作，如计算、分类或比较。计算机是由数以百万计的电子设备组成的，这些设备可以存储数据或通过具有不同功能的复杂电路以令人难以置信的速度转换数据。3.In a traditional Chinese family, adult children live under the same roof with their older parents. Since China adopted the one-child policy in 1974, Chinese families have undergone many changes, one of which is the dominance

20、 of the nuclear family. When only children leave home for college or marriage, their parents are in their 40s or 50s, and they experience empty-nest syndrome earlier than parents with multiple children in other countries. They suddenly feel lonely, sad, useless, and depressed.10. 翻译题The climate of A

21、ustralia varies greatly from region to region, with a tropical climate in the north, an arid or semiarid climate in much of the interior, and a temperate climate in the south. Despite these variations, the moderating influence of the surrounding oceans and the absence of extensive high mountain rang

22、es help prevent marked extremes of weather. However, some areas occasionally experience extreme weather conditions, such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe drought. Because Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, its seasons are the reverse of those in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonal var

23、iations, on the whole, are small. Generally, coastal and highland areas, especially in the southeast, are cooler than interior locations, and the north, particularly the northwestern coast, is the hottest region. The temperate regions of southern Australia have four seasons, with cool winters and wa

24、rm summers. 【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异，北部为热带气候，内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候，南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化，但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而，一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件，如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。因为澳大利亚在南半球，它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说，季节变化很小。一般来说，沿海和高原地区，尤其是东南部，比内陆地区凉爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明，冬冷夏暖。11. 单选题If you had done it as you（ ）,you would have succeeded.

25、问题1选项A.were toldB.would be toldC.had been toldD.were told to【答案】D【解析】考查语法。原句应为“as you were told to (do)”前半句出现了同样的动词，后半句可以省略to do中的do，但to不能省。故D项正确。句意：如果按照别人告诉你的那样做的话，你早就成功了。12. 单选题A good leader must have character traits that inspire others to accept his leadership. He must display courage, intellige

26、nce, and（ ）.问题1选项A.wisdomB.braveryC.shrewdnessD.integrity【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。wisdom“智慧”；bravery“勇敢，勇气”；shrewdness“精明，机灵”；integrity“完整，正直”。句意：一个好领导必须有激励他人接受自己领导的特质。他必须表现出自己的勇气，智慧和正直。由courage, intelligence可排除A、B项。C项不符合题意，故D项正确。13. 单选题One more try,（ ）you will succeed.问题1选项A.orB.butC.soD.and【答案】D【解析】考查逻辑连词。

27、or表示选择关系，but表转折关系，so常用来连接表示因果关系的句子，and表示并列关系。此句中前后句为并列顺延的关系。句意：再试一次，你就会成功。故D项正确。14. 单选题（ ）tomorrow, he would get there by Friday.问题1选项A.Would he leaveB.Was he leavingC.If he leavesD.Were he to leave【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。由tomorrow可知，从句表示的是对将来事实的虚拟，从句谓语动词的形式有三种，即were to do, should do, 动词的过去式（be动词用were）。并且可将

28、if去掉，将谓语动词放于主语前。故D项正确。句意：如果他明天出发，他周五将到达那里。15. 单选题I understand your hobby is photography and Ive got a job that（ ） interest you in mycompany.问题1选项A.mayB.canC.mightD.could【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。这四个选项中表示的可能性由大到小依次为can could may might。can表示一般和理论上的可能性；could表示“能力”或“可能性”，并且表示比较委婉客气地提出问题或表达看法；may表示一种可能性；might表示的可能

29、性极小。前半句“我知道你的兴趣是摄影”这是一种事实，这份工作之间让他对公司感兴趣存在可能性。故A项正确。16. 单选题He admitted that he was _ cocaine and couldnt get himself out of it.问题1选项A.condemnedB.committedC.addictedD.abandoned【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. condemned 判了死刑的 B. committed 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的C. addicted 入了迷的；上了瘾的D. abandoned 被离弃的；被遗弃的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句中cou

30、ldnt get himself out of it，这里的it指的是and前面的 cocaine“可卡因”，句意为不能摆脱可卡因。因为是由and连接两个句子，两个句子表并列关系，综合理解and前面的句子表示他对可卡因上瘾。选C. addicted，形成固定搭配be addicted to，对上瘾。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系【句意】他承认他对可卡因上瘾，而且戒不掉。17. 单选题Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and（ ）.问题1选项A.saw monkeys sl

31、eeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hangB.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hangingC.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hangingD.seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging【答案】D【解析】考查语法。由and表并列关系可知，and后面的谓语动词形式应与前面的保持一致

32、，see的过去分词为seen。故D项正确。句意：公园的游客经常抬头看着绿树成荫的树冠，看到猴子睡在树枝上，手臂和腿都悬挂着。18. 单选题There is a boy student downstairs（ ）.问题1选项A.wants to see youB.whom wants to see youC.which wants to see youD.he wants to see you【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为boy student，表示人，一般用that 或who，故排除B、C两项。当there be开头的句子，其主语的定语从句常可省略关系代词。句意：楼下有一个男学生想见

33、你。故A项正确。19. 单选题From this course the students should（ ）some useful knowledge in political science.问题1选项A.requireB.demandC.enquireD.acquire【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。require“要求，需要，想要”；demand“要求，请求，需要”；enquire“打听，询问”；acquire“获得，取得”。句意：通过这节课，学生们应该掌握一些与政治科学相关的实用知识。D项符合题意。20. 翻译题低碳生活对于我们普通人来说是一种态度，我们应该积极提倡并去实践，从自己做起

34、，从节约水电这些点滴做起。除了植树，有的人买运输里程很短的商品，还有人坚持爬楼梯，形形色色，非常有趣。“低碳生活”的理念逐渐被世界各国所接受。低碳生活的出现不仅告诉人们可以为减碳做些什么，还告诉人们可以怎么做。【答案】Low-carbon life is an attitude for ordinary people, and we should actively advocate and practice low-carbon life by doing it from ourselves and by starting bit by bit from saving water and el

35、ectricity. Besides planting trees, some people purchase goods within a short delivery distance and others stick to climbing stairs. People do various things to live a low-carbon life, which is really interesting. “Low-carbon life” concept has gradually been accepted worldwide. The emergence of low-carbon lifestyle not only introduces to people what they can do for carbon reduction, but also tells them how they can do it.