2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷64（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Walk through Times Squareyoure bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. “So these flowers are these billboards, theyre advertising a commodity, this delicious nectar (花蜜) reward, a

2、nd bees are very picky shoppers”, says Anne Leonard, a pollination biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno.She describes a flower field as a sort of pollination marketplace. “Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of ne

3、ctar.” They also scope out flower shape and size, color and scent. And now Leonard and her colleagues have discovered that bumblebees are also sensitive to pollen.They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine. And to display the pollen to bees, “We

4、got really into itwe started 3-D printing flowers in our lab.” And for the antherthe male flower part, which presents the pollen pipe cleaners. “So we bought out Michaels craft store supplies of these pipe cleaners and used them in our experiments.”It turns out bees would return again and again to t

5、he same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there. But when confronted with the bitter pollen, they sought a different colored flower for their very next stop. All of which suggests that, in addition to savoring nectar, bees taste pollen tooand judge flowers by i

6、t. The results are in the journal Biology Letters.The finding means that plants have to find a happy medium: “So can you make your pollen attractive enough that the bees will collect it, but distasteful enough that they wont collect too much of it?” And that balancing act, of carefully calibrated ch

7、emistry(校准化学)its just one of the many transactions that plays out in the buzzing pollination marketplace, where the object is to make a sweet profit.1. What does the author compare a flower field to?2. Why are bees described as nectar experts?3. What are used to present the pollen by Anne and her co

8、lleagues in their experiments?4. How do bees choose where to visit in a flower field according to the passage?5. What do Anne and her colleagues research findings suggest?问题1选项A.Times Square.B.A commodity.C.A billboard.D.A shopper.问题2选项A.Because they are able to detect differences in sugar levels of

9、 nectar.B.Because they are capable of discerning different types of flowers.C.Because they know instinctively where to collect more nectar.D.Because they could distinguish sweet pollen from bitter one.问题3选项A.3-D printers.B.Pipe cleaners.C.Sugar.D.Quinine.问题4选项A.By color and scent of flowers.B.By tas

10、te of nectar and pollen.C.By maleness or femaleness of flowers.D.By shape and size of flowers.问题5选项A.Calibrated chemistry is very useful in changing the structure of pollen.B.Attracting more bees to pollinate could make plants more productive.C.The more bees to be attracted, the better it will be fo

11、r the pollen.D.The taste of pollen can be controlled for commercial purpose.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Walk through Times Squareyoure bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. S

12、o these flowers are these billboards, theyre advertising a commodity, this delicious nectar (花蜜) reward, and bees are very picky shoppers（走过纽约时代广场，你会被广告不断侵扰。事实证明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飞过花田时，可能会有类似的感觉。因为这些花朵就像是那些广告牌，它们在为这些美味可口的花蜜打广告，而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消费者）”。由此可知作者把花田比作时代广场，把花朵比作广告牌。A选项“时代广场”；B选项“一种商品”；C选项“广告牌”；D选项“购物者”。B、C

13、、D选项均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of nectar.（蜜蜂是花蜜专家。它们很擅长评估花蜜，即使花蜜糖的浓度存在微小的区别它们也能感觉到。）”。A选项“因为它们能够检测出花蜜中糖分水平的差异”；B选项“因为它们能够辨别不同种类的花”；C选项“因为它们本能地知道去哪里采集更多的花蜜”；D选项“因

14、为它们可以区分甜花粉和苦花粉”。B、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“And to display the pollen to bees, We got really into itwe started 3-D printing flowers in our lab.（为了向蜜蜂展示花粉，我们进行了非常深入地研究，我们开始在实验室用3D技术打印花朵。）”。A选项“3D打印技术”正确；B选项“清管器”是为了呈现花药部分；C选项“甜蔗糖”和D选项“苦奎宁”是为了试验蜜蜂对花粉味道的评估。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【

15、试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“It turns out bees would return again and again to the same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there.（实验证明，蜜蜂会在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同颜色花朵间重复往返，并且花费更多的时间来采集。）”。A选项“根据花的颜色和气味”正确；B选项“通过花蜜和花粉的味道”；C选项“通过花的雄性或雌性”；D选项“根据花朵的形状和大小”。B、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。5.【试题

16、答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“And that balancing act, of carefully calibrated chemistry(校准化学)its just one of the many transactions that plays out in the buzzing pollination marketplace, where the object is to make a sweet profit.（这一精确校准化学的平衡做法，只是蜜蜂授粉市场上进行的众多交易中的其中一种。该市场的目标是获得甜蜜的利润。）”，由此可知市场上很多人为了商业

17、利润会人为的控制花粉的味道。A选项“校准化学在改变花粉结构方面非常有用”看似正确，但是联系全文以及安妮和同事们的研究，她们试验的结果主要还是表明花粉味道的可控性；B选项“吸引更多的蜜蜂授粉可以使植物更多产”和C选项“吸引的蜜蜂越多，花粉就越好”都不符合题意；D选项“为了商业目的，花粉的味道可以被控制”说法正确，因此D选项正确。2. 写作题Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words.1.盗版现象日益严重2.盗版造成的后果3.我对抵制盗版问题的看法【答案】【参考范文】The Problem of Piracy3. 单选题If you w

18、ant to keep your job here, you will have to be（ ）of long working hours and low salary.问题1选项A.tolerantB.tolerableC.bearableD.tolerate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项tolerant“忍受的，有忍耐力的”；B选项tolerable“可容忍的，容许的”；C选项bearable“承受得住的”；D选项tolerate是动词“忍受”。句意：如果你想保住你在这里的工作，你就得忍受长时间工作，拿低工资。根据空格有一个be动词，可知空格处应填形容词，排除D，根据句意理解，

19、本句表达的是忍受，而不是可容性或承受力，所以A选项符合句意。因此A选项正确。4. 写作题Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s

20、), and making an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.【答案】【参考范文】Dear Mr. Wang,I am sorry to tell you that I decided to quit my work as a

21、n editor in your company after serious consideration. I am apologizing for the inconvenience which I would bring to you.During two months working in your company, I have learned a lot about how to work in a world-famous company. However, I gradually find out that I am not very suitable for this job.

22、 I think I should look for an occupation which could make the most use of my talent and ability.Thank you again for giving me this opportunity, and Id like to express my regret again. Finally, I wish your company will achieve greater success in the future.Yours sincerely, Li Ming5. 单选题The two delega

23、tes had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their（ ）cooperation.问题1选项A.ethicalB.bilateralC.mandatoryD.subsidiary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ethical“伦理的，道德的”；bilateral“双边的”；mandatory “强制的”；subsidiary“附属的”，由delegate“代表团”与cooperation“合作”一词可知此处应该选择形容词bilateral，表示两国之间的合作。句意：这两个代表团就如何加强合作进行了深入的交流。故正确答案

24、为选项B。6. 单选题The（ ）of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity.问题1选项A.varietyB.scarcityC.solidarityD.commodity【答案】B【解析】同形词辨析题。variety“多样”；scarcity“不足；缺乏”；solidarity“团结”； commodity“商品”；根据natural calamity“自然灾害”可知此处应该说的是各种必需品的“缺乏”，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：各种必需品的缺乏是自然灾难造成的。7. 单选题As the painter is（

25、 ）to pollens, he regrets a lot for losing the chance of drawing the beauty of spring in the fields.问题1选项A.nostalgicB.insolentC.acuteD.allergic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项nostalgic“怀旧的，乡愁的”；B选项insolent“无礼的，傲慢的”；C选项acute“急性的，敏锐的”；D选项allergic“对过敏的，对极讨厌的”。句意：因为这个画家对花粉，他很遗憾要失去野外写生的机会。由后面句子he regrets a lot for lo

26、sing the chance of drawing the beauty of spring in the fields（他很遗憾要）可知D选项allergic“对过敏的”（画家对花粉过敏）与前后意思对应。因此D选项符合句意。8. 单选题Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife（ ）for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develo

27、p naturally while we observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conservation “保存；保护”；maintenance “维护；维修”；storage“存储；仓库”；reserve“存储；自然保护区”，根据句子结构可知此处的名词与wildlife 一起同zoo构成并列成分，根据后句中的allow animals to develop naturally“允许动物自然生长”，可知此处应该选择名词reserve, wildlife reserve是“

28、野生动物保护区”的意思。句意：一些科学家表示地球就像宇宙智能生物的动物园或者野生动物，正如我们在地球上设立荒野地带，允许在我们的观察下让动物自然生长。故正确答案为选项D。9. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that（ ）we had to stop for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。at large“详尽的；整个的”；at ease“安逸”；at random“任意的”；at intervals“

29、不时”，根据句子意思可知此处应该选一个词组来形容我们停下来提神的频率，四个选项中只有at intervals符合，故正确答案为选项D。句意：这场讨论无比冗长又使人疲累，以至于我们必须的停下来提神。因此选项D符合题意。10. 单选题NASA is casting a wider net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft to swing out of control and（ ）moments before it was to land.问题1选项A.disassembleB.disembark

30、C.disintegrateD.disinherit【答案】C【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。disassemble“拆开；解开”；disembark“登录；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剥夺的继承权”，飞船失去控制的摇摆，然后在快要着陆的瞬间应该会发生比较严重的事件，分析四个选项的意思可知此处只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美国宇航局全方位的展开了对航天飞机的调查，关于是什么导致了飞船失去控制的摇摆，并在最后要着陆的时候了。故正确答案为选项C。11. 填空题Your Smartphone May Be Hurting Your SleepA

31、) You love your smartphone, but it may be ruining your ZZZs. Use of these devices, especially near bedtime, is associated with worse quality of sleep, according to a new study. “When we looked at smartphone use around the time when participants reported they went to bed, more smartphone use around t

32、hat time in particular was associated with a longer time to fall asleep and worse sleep quality during the night,” said Dr. Gregory Marcus, author of the study and an associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His research was published Wednesday in the journal P

33、LOS One.B) The word “crack-berry” became popular roughly a decade ago to describe the addictive quality of BlackBerry devicesarguably the first really successful smartphones. Today, almost everyone is a smartphone junkie, standing with head bowed while waiting for a train or in line at the post offi

34、ce.C) Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related. To answer this question, he used exiting information collected by an Internet-based study he started in March 2016.D) “Health E-He

35、art,” which was funded by the National Institutes of Health is designed to study cardiovascular health. Anyone 18 years of age or older can enroll in Health E-Heart, co-founded by Drs. Mark Pletcher and Jeffrey Olgin, professors at UCSF. After signing a consent form, enrolled participants self-repor

36、t their health data via a series of online questionnaires. The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.E) About 80,000 participants have enrolled in Health E-Heart, Marcus said. “Weve had people from every state

37、in the US, lots of people from every state, and we actually have people from 50 countries.” Marcus and his co-founders also make the data available to other scientists conducting unrelated studies. For the new smartphone study, Marcus made use of this wealth of information to conduct his own “sub-st

38、udy”.F) Of the total Health E-Heart enrollees, 653 people chose to participate in and complete the new smartphone-sleep study. Participants installed an app on their phones to automatically record the total number of minutes in each hour the screen was turned on (total screen time) during a 30-day p

39、eriod. These participants had already reported their sleep hours and sleep quality using a validated questionnaire as part of the general Health E-Heart experience, Marcus explained. So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information about

40、their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues. By answering so many questions, participants were unaware of what the researchers were studying, explained Marcus: “We wouldnt expect any bias.”G) Analyzing the data, the researchers discovered that, on average, participan

41、ts used their smartphones for a total of 38.4 hours over a 30-day period. Individuals with a longer average screen time were more likely to have poorer sleep quality and less sleep overall: About 35% of those who used their smartphones for shorter amounts of time than average had sleep difficulties,

42、 compared with 42% of those with average or greater than average use. And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime.H) The researchers discovered that screen-time varies throughout a 24-hour period, but most occurs during the day. Yet for some partic

43、ipants, smartphone use peaked during the night. “We cant exclude the possibility that some people cant sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they cant sleep, theyre using their smartphone, just to pass the time,” Marcus said.I) Despite potential shortcomings, Marcus research is in

44、line with other studies showing that the use of technology near bedtime is associated with difficulty sleeping, such as the 2015 National Sleep Foundation poll. Other research has shown that the blue light emitted by smartphones (and other digital devices) might suppress our bodys production of mela

45、tonin, a hormone that induces tiredness and contributes to the timing of sleep-wake cycles. “So theres some biological plausibility supporting the idea that there is a causal relationship, but we werent able to identify that,” Marcus noted.J) “It is believed that sleep is a restorative process and a

46、 basic biologic need,” said Dr. Neil Kline, a sleep physician, internist and representative of the American Sleep Association. “When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail. Not only does our performance, memory and attention span suffer, our immune sy

47、stem and endocrine system is also impaired.”K) Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, childrens sleep is also affected by technology, according to an unrelated study. Lead author Ben Carter, a senior lecturer in biostatistics at Kings College London, and his c

48、olleagues discovered that for teens and children, the use of cell phones, tablets and computers is associated with losing sleep time and sleep quality.L) Marcus said he suspects that some people may be affected more than others and overuse of a smartphone impacts their sleep more than it would for o

49、ther people. He hopes to investigate this question in the future. Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber. He added,

50、“Theres almost certainly no harm in giving that a good try.”11. Our addiction to smartphones dates back to about ten years ago._12. Data from Health E-Heart are collected and used for researchers into heart diseases._13. The findings of Dr. Marcuss study appeared in PLOS One. _14. Bad sleepers are a

51、dvised not to use their smartphones half an hour or so before they go to bed. _15. Marcus started his research because he suspected there might be some correlation between sleep loss and smartphone use. _16. The use of digital devices affects childrens sleep too._17. To make sure his study was objec

52、tive, Marcus required his subjects to provide many more of their life details than just sleep hours and sleep quality._18. Researchers found those who spend longer time playing with their smartphones are more likely to sleep badly._19. Marcus conceded that some people were sleepless at night for rea

53、sons unrelated to mobile phone use._20. Sleep is our basic biological need and lack of it may cause our body functions to decline. _ 【答案】11.B12.D13.A14.L15.C16.K17.F18.G19.H20.J【解析】11.主旨大意题。题干意思为“我们对智能手机的上瘾可以追溯到大约十年前。”文章第二段主要讲了自十年前黑莓手机被生产出来之后，人们开始对智能手机上瘾，由此可推断出人们对智能手机的上瘾可追溯到大约十年前。因此段落B正确。12.主旨大意题。题干

54、意思为“来自健康E-Heart的数据被收集并用于研究心脏病。”文章段落D说到“The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.（这些信息被收集、分析并用于研究和制定预防和治疗心脏病各个方面的策略。）”，其中“这些信息”指来自健康E-Heart的数据，因此段落D正确。13.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯博士的研究结果发表在公共科学图书馆（综合）杂志上。”文章段落A说到“His res

55、earch was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One.（他的研究发表在周三的公共科学图书馆（综合）杂志上。）”，该句与题干意思匹配，因此段落A正确。14.主旨大意题。题干意思为“建议睡眠不好的人不要在睡前半小时左右使用智能手机。”文章段落L说到“Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before goi

56、ng to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber.（根据他的研究结果，他建议失眠症患者和其他睡眠有问题的人应该避免在上床前半小时左右看屏幕，看看这是否能提高他们的睡眠质量。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落L正确。15.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯开始这项研究是因为他怀疑睡眠不足和使用智能手机之间可能存在某种关联。”文章段落C说到“Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Ma

57、rcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related.（了解到智能手机的使用和睡眠不足的比例一起增加，马库斯和他的同事们决定调查这两者是否有关联。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落C正确。16.主旨大意题。题干意思为“数字设备的使用也会影响儿童的睡眠。”文章段落K说到“Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, childrens sleep is also affected

58、 by technology, according to an unrelated study.（尽管大多数这些负面影响只在成年人身上进行了研究，但另一项不相关的研究表明，儿童的睡眠也受到科技产品的影响。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落K正确。17.主旨大意题。题干意思为“为了确保他的研究是客观的，马库斯要求他的研究对象提供更多的生活细节，而不仅仅是睡眠时间和睡眠质量。”段落F说到“So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus inform

59、ation about their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues.（因此，在回答睡眠评估问题时，参与者还输入了人口统计数据，以及有关他们的酒精使用、体育活动、吸烟习惯和其他健康问题的信息。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落F正确。18.主旨大意题。题干意思为“研究人员发现，花更长的时间玩智能手机的人更有可能睡眠不好。”文章段落G说到“And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smar

60、tphones near bedtime.（睡眠质量差的人更有可能在睡前使用智能手机。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落G正确。19.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯承认，有些人晚上睡不着觉的原因与使用手机无关。”文章段落H说到“We cant exclude the possibility that some people cant sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they cant sleep, theyre using their smartphone, just to pass the time.（我们不能

61、排除一些人因为完全无关的原因无法入睡的可能性，因为他们无法入睡，所以他们使用智能手机，只是为了打发时间。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落H正确。20.主旨大意题。题干意思为“睡眠是我们的基本生理需要，缺乏睡眠可能会导致我们的身体功能下降。”文章段落J说到“When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail.（当动物，包括人类，被剥夺睡眠时，许多身体系统会失效。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落J正确。12. 单选题Your letter arrived a

62、fter the final date for application,（ ）we cant consider you for this job.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.remarkablyC.fluentlyD.alarmingly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项consequently“因此，所以”；B选项remarkably“显著地，非常地”；C选项fluently“流利地，通畅地”；D选项alarmingly“惊人地，让人担忧地”。句意：你的信到的时候已经过了申请的最后期限，所以我们无法让你做这份工作。后半句是前半句事情导致的结果，是因果关系，所以A选项Cons

63、equently“因此，所以”正确。因此A选项符合题意。13. 单选题The famous artist, when asked on the news release for his recent works, his success to diligence and intelligence（ ）.问题1选项A.contributedB.attributedC.devotedD.dedicated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contributed“有助于，贡献”；B选项attributed“把归因于，归结”；C选项devoted“献身于，致力于”；D选项dedicated“把奉献给”。句意：这位著名的艺术家在新闻发布会上被问到他最近的作品时，他把他的成功都归功于勤奋和聪明。由空格前diligence and intelligence（勤奋和聪明）以及success（成功）的逻辑关系可知是成功归因于勤奋和聪明，所以B选项意思正确。因此B选项符合题意。14. 单选题