2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第85期

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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Frostbitten fingers and toes should be treated with lukewarm water.问题1选项A.frigidB.tepidC.boilingD.steamy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。lukewarm意为“微温的，温和的，不热情的” ；frigid意为“寒冷的，严寒的”；tepid意为“不冷不热的，微温的，不热情的”；boiling意为“炽热的，沸腾的，激昂的”；steamy意为“蒸汽的，充满水汽的”。句意：冻伤的手指和脚趾应该用温水处理。2. 单选题Conven

2、ience foods which are already prepared for cooking are available in grocery stores.问题1选项A.readyB.approachableC.probableD.obtainable【答案】D【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项ready“准备好的，现成的，迅速的”；B选项approachable“可接近的，可到达的，易理解的”；C选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；D选项obtainable“能得到的，能获得的”。句意：现成的方便食品可以在杂货店买到。Available“可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的”

3、，所以D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Tony has not the least（ ）of giving up his research work.问题1选项A.intentionB.interestC.wishD.desire【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intention“打算，意图，意向”，后可接of 短语，也可以接不定式短语；B选项interest“兴趣，爱好，利息，趣味”，后接介词in；C选项wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福”与D选项desire“欲望；要求，心愿”后一般接不定式。句意：托尼毫无放弃其研究工作的打算。因此A选项正确。4. 翻译

4、题中国政府承诺将通过引进区域气候改善项目，关闭小煤窑和发电厂以及继续对商业排放进行实验的举措，来进一步实现绿色环保的目标。在中央及各地方政府的努力下，2008年中国在节能减排方面取得一定成效。2月份国家统计局的年度报告显示，2008年中国的能耗下降了4.59%，略高于统计局之前降幅约4.21%的估计。但是数据显示两大污染物SO2和COD同2005年的水平相比，分别下降了7%和5%。根据十一五计划，到2010年，工业用水的需求量将比2005年下降20%，而森林覆盖率将占到全国面积的20%，比2005年上涨18.2%。【答案】【参考译文】The Chinese government promise

5、s to further achieve the goal of green and environmental protection through introducing projects for improving regional climate, shutting down small coal mines and power plants and also continuing to experiment with commercial emissions. Under the efforts of the central and local governments, China

6、has made certain achievements in the aspect of energy conservation and emissions reduction in 2008. The annual report made by the National Bureau of Statistics in February showed that Chinas energy consumption dropped by 4.59% in 2008, slightly higher than the decline of about 4.21% previously estim

7、ated by the National Bureau of Statistics. But the data indicated that the emission amount of the two major pollutants SO2 and COD fell by 7% and 5% respectively compared with those in 2005. According to the 11th five-year plan, by 2010, the demand for industrial water will be 20% lower than that in

8、 2005, but the rate of forest coverage will account for 20% of the national territory area, rising 18.2% than that in 2005.5. 单选题As a（ ）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。flexible意为“灵活

9、的”；versatile意为“多才多艺的，有多种技能的”；sophisticated意为“见多识广的，老练的”；productive意为“多产的，有效益的”。由句子后面的内容可知他会很多才艺，因此选B。句意：作为一名多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞并能演奏好几种乐器。6. 单选题Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some

10、ancient convulsion. In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was rel

11、atively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered fonnations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from interna

12、l pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. On

13、e of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river th

14、en began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other

15、 factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris; rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing s

16、lowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.In the first sentence the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to indicate that（ ）.3.Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon c

17、an be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyons.C.The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.问题2选项A.it was caused by some ancient convulsionB.its presence is an embarrassment to

18、the State of ColoradoC.it looks like an injury on the Earths surfaceD.it is caused many visitors to injure themselves问题3选项A.Its contours are constantly changing.B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and

19、pollutants.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大峡谷主要是由于缓慢而有序的侵蚀作用形成；第二三段对大峡谷形成的原因和过程进行了仔细分析；最后一段进一步介绍大峡谷的进一步形成是由于各种力的作用。因此B选项“大峡谷形成的各种力”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had be

20、en caused by some ancient convulsion.（站在大峡谷的边缘，凝视着地球表面这个巨大的伤痕，游客可能会认为峡谷是由一些古老的震动造成的）可知C选项“看上去像是地球表面的伤痕”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（缓慢地向后推进高原，旁边的峡谷露出新的岩石，侵蚀模式继续进行）可知大峡谷的轮廓在不断变化，因此选A。7. 翻译题Tran

21、slate the following into ChineseMany people question the stability of international marriages. This has always puzzled me, because if you stop to think about divorce in the US for a moment, you will recall that most of the marriages that break up are between native-born Americans. Certainly I am not

22、 aware of any statistics showing a higher propensity to divorce in bi-national marriages than in the more conventional sort. I seriously doubt that there is any meaningful relation between marital instability and differences in nationality inside marriages.During each of these passages, how we feel

23、about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of time. Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our s

24、ense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take actions.There are lots of reasons to be concerned. When leading policy-makers and economists speak about the booming global economy and the benefits of f

25、ree trade, they too often ignore the people who are losing out. The CEOs of Microsoft and Boeing, co-chairs of the Seattle Host Committee for the WTO meeting, are among the winners. But the form globalization has taken has increased the gap between rich and poor nations.【答案】许多人质疑跨国婚姻的稳定性。这种质疑让我觉得疑惑，

26、因为如果你停下来想一想美国的离婚问题，你会想到大多数破裂的婚姻都是土生土长的美国人之间的。当然，我并不认为有任何统计数据可以表明，跨国婚姻比传统婚姻更容易走向离婚。我对婚姻的不稳定和婚姻中的国籍差异之间是否有任何有意义的关系是十分怀疑的。在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的感受会经历四个感知领域的细微变化。第一，是我们内心对自己和他人的看法。第二，是我们在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感。第三，是我们对时间的感知。最后，是我们对自己的精力和活力的直觉变化。这些都是朦胧的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，并影响着我们采取行动前的各种决定。这里有很多因素值得关注。当主要的决策者和经济学家们谈到蓬勃发

27、展的全球经济和自由贸易的好处时，他们往往忽视了那些失败者。微软和波音的首席执行官都是赢家，他们将联合担任这次世界贸易组织西雅图会议接待委员会的主席。但已经形成的全球化形式增加了贫富国家之间的差距。8. 单选题Who can shed light on the reasons?问题1选项A.turn onB.explainC.dissipateD.appeal【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。shed light on意为“阐明，解释，将弄明白”；turn on意为“打开”；explain意为“讲解，解释”；dissipate意为“驱散，消失”；appeal意为“上诉，申诉，呼吁”。句意：谁能解释

28、原因呢？9. 单选题The rats（ ）bacterial infections of the blood.问题1选项A.developB.produceC.stimulateD.induce【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。develop意为“发展，患(病)，出现(问题)”；produce意为“生产，制造”；stimulate意为“刺激”；induce意为“引诱”。bacterial infections意为“细菌感染”，时一种病症，主语为“rats（老鼠）”，故只有A选项符合逻辑。句意：老鼠出现了血液细菌感染。10. 单选题The Civil War provided an impetus

29、 to Michigans growth.问题1选项A.an incentive toB.an obstacle toC.a reason forD.a delay in【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。an impetus to意为“推动，促进”；an incentive to意为“刺激，激励”；an obstacle to意为“障碍”；a reason for意为“理由，原因”；a delay in意为“延迟”。句意：南北战争推动了密歇根州的发展。11. 单选题Winston became quite avaricious in his late life.问题1选项A.feebleB.gr

30、eedyC.blatantD.forgetful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。avaricious意为“贪财的，贪婪的”；feeble意为“虚弱的，衰弱的”；greedy意为“贪婪的，贪心的”；blatant意为“明目张胆的，公然的”；forgetful意为“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。句意：温斯顿晚年变得相当贪婪。12. 翻译题Translate the following into English随着年岁的增长，精力日减，效率渐低，作风渐延：激情有失，理智有增。看来，这样的互易不可能总是得失相当的。但是，一定的年龄总有一定的长处。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度过了部分盛年，在未来的经历

31、中，依然会有另一种盛年期的出现。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才达到顶峰。原始人一旦由于周围的许多令人愉快的情景而第一次开口大笑了，又由于笑对周围所产生的那些明显的愉快的效果，笑就开始具有了人类社会所特有的价值。具有用爽朗的笑声来传播愉快能力的人，开始比他的较为严肃、古板的同事更能享受到社会的优惠，从而使自己处于有利的地位。他成了个“善于交际的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推举的人，受到社会的喜爱。当今的世界，即非丝绸之路的吋代，亦非马可波罗(Marco Polo)吋代。从上海去东京，只需两个多小时。从中国区地球另一端的美国，也能在日历的同一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人

32、难以置信的程度。这是人类文明的共同成果。【答案】As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at every age, there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if youve passed some of your “primes”, you still have other

33、prime years to experience in the future. It seems that some prime period will reach its peak later in our life. Once the primitive men burst out laughing for the first time because of something pleasant around them, and then the laugh brings the obviously pleasant effect around, the laugh has had va

34、lue that the human beings is holding. The person who possesses the ability to spread happiness by bright and clear laugh will get more social benefits than his serious and stuffy colleagues, which gets him in an advantageous position. Thus he becomes a “good mixer” who is commended by others, especi

35、ally gifted socially. The world today is neither the era of Silk Road, nor the age of Marco Polo. It just takes about two hours from Shanghai to Tokyo. On the same day on the calendar, you also can arrive in the United States on the other side of the earth from China. The far geographic distance of

36、the old days has been shortened to an unbelievable extent by modern science and technology. Its the common achievements brought about by the progress of human civilization. 13. 单选题She gets along very well with everyone, so she is the most （ ）member of our family.问题1选项A.rustyB.impetuousC.congenialD.i

37、mperious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。rusty意为“生锈的，腐蚀的”；impetuous意为“鲁莽的，冲动的，轻率的”；congenial意为“意气相投的，情趣相投的，合得来的”；imperious意为“专横的，蛮横的，盛气凌人的”。由前面的She gets along very well with everyone（她和大家相处得很好）可知她是个容易相处的人，因此选C。句意：她和大家相处得很好，所以她是我们家最容易相处的人。14. 翻译题At the start of the 21st century, humankind finds itself on a non-susta

38、inable coursethe course that, unless it is changed, could lead to grand scale catastrophes. At the same time, we are unlocking formidable new capabilities that lead to more exciting lives and glorious civilizations. This could be either humanitys last century or the century that sets the world on a

39、course toward a spectacular future.We live on a small, beautiful and a totally isolated planet, but its population is becoming too large; enormous new consumer societies are growing, of which China is the largest; and technology is becoming powerful enough to wreck the planet. We are traveling at br

40、eakneck speed into an age of the extremesextremes in wealth and poverty, extremes in technology and the experiments that scientists want to perform, extreme forces of globalism, weapons of mass destruction and terrorists acting in the name of religion. If we are to survive, we have to learn how to m

41、anage this situation.The set of problems has a set of solutions. If we humans implement these solutions, we can gradually achieve sustainable development and a sustainable but affluent life. Working toward sustainability requires many different types of actions in different subject areas. In light o

42、f rapidly advancing technology, however, sustainability alone is not enough. We need to be concerned with survivability. There must be a move away from the untenable course we are on today toward a world where we learn to control the diverse forces we are unleashing.【答案】【参考译文】在21世纪开始之际，人类意识到自己正走上了一条

43、走不下去的路。除非改变方向，否则这条路会将人类引向巨大的灾难。可是同时，我们也正释放出种种新的巨大潜能，而借助这些潜能，人类能迎来各种更令人激动的生活和更光辉的文明。这可能是人类的最后一个世纪，但也可能是人类拨正航程，朝光辉灿烂未来驶去的一个世纪。我们生活在一个与其他星球隔绝的美丽的小星球上，但是地球的人口已经太多；庞大的新兴消费社会正在成长，而中国是其中最大的一个；科技也正变得无比强大到足以毁坏这个星球。我们正疯狂地奔向一个极端的时代：极端的富有，极端的贫困，极端的科学技术，极端的科学实验，极端的全球化影响力，大规模毁灭性武器，还有以宗教名义进行的恐怖活动。假如想要逃此一劫，我们就得学会如何

44、驾驭这一形势。这一系列的问题也有一系列的解决方案。如果我们人类能将这些方案付诸实施，我们就能渐渐地达到可持续发展的目标，享有一种既可持续但仍富裕的生活。达到可持续这个目标需要在不同的领域采取不同的行动。然而考虑到科技的快速发展，仅仅可持续是不够的。我们需要关注能否存活。我们必须放弃今日我们采取的已无出路的方向，朝一个新方向前行，而新世界要求我们学会掌控我们释放出的各种能量。15. 单选题Flood,（ ）and famine are natural disasters often facing the people in the peninsula.问题1选项A.warB.sanctionC.

45、overpopulationD.drought【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项war“战争，斗争，军事，竞争”；B选项sanction“制裁，处罚，认可，支持”；C选项overpopulation“人口过剩”；D选项drought“干旱，久旱”。句意：洪水、（ ）和饥荒是半岛人民经常面临的自然灾害。题干中主要谈论natural disasters自然灾害，空格前后也都是自然因素。因此D选项正确。16. 翻译题With the Armistice of 1918, and the peacemaking of 1919 (and the 18th Amendment of the same

46、 year, that in theory made America a dry nation), the American prose-writer entered a new period of revolt. In some ways this was a continuation of earlier movements. But the writers themselves did not think so; they acknowledged no kinship with prewar writers, except perhaps Theodore Dreiser. Henry

47、 Adams had said that the generations in American history were discontinuous: the younger did not learn from the older one, nor could it. Few of Adamss contemporaries would have agreed with him. However, his Education, when published in a popular edition in 1918, made an immediate appeal to young peo

48、ple who were convinced that if they knew none of the answers, at any rate they had clues of which their parents had no inkling. Since they learned from Adams, who was old enough to be their collective grandfather, it might seem that he disproved his own theory. Such an objection, though, would have

49、been met with the argument that Adams could make contact with them because he was out of touch with his own era. The post-war generation, the Lost Generationwhen had any age-group been so self-consciously aware of itself?laid eager claim to lost souls from the past. In reviving such figures as Melvi

50、lle it apologized for the stupidity of its ancestors.【答案】【参考译文】随着1918年第一次世界大战停战协定的签订和1919年调停的达成（同一年的第18版修正案在理论上让美国变成了一个“没有战事”的国家），美国散文作家进入了一个新的反叛时期。从某种程度上来说，这是早期反叛运动的延续。但这些散文作家自己并不这么认为。除了西奥多德莱塞之外，他们不承认与战前的作家有任何密切关系。享利亚当斯称，在美国历史上，代与代之间是没有延续关系的：年轻的一代既没有，也不能向年长的一代人学习。亚当斯的同代人中很少有人赞同他的观点。然而，当他的教育一书在1918年

51、以普及本被出版后，立刻引起了年轻人的兴趣。这些年轻人坚信，对于那些父辈们一无所知的问题，即便是他们也不知道答案，他们也至少知道一些相关的线索。由于他们向在年龄上可充当他们共同祖父的亚当斯学习，他似乎反驳了自己的理论。而这种反驳也早该和亚当斯做出的与之相关的言论符合，因为他与自己所在的时代没有联系。战后的一代，即迷惘的一代有哪个年龄阶段的人曾如此清楚地意识到自己？热切地声称有权拥有从过去迷失的灵魂。在让诸如梅尔维尔等人物振作起来的过程中，迷失的一代为祖辈的愚蠢行为进行了道歉。17. 单选题He is considered to be an outstanding artist but I con

52、sider his work to be quite （ ）.问题1选项A.mediocreB.mediumC.moderateD.intermediate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。mediocre意为“普通的”；medium意为“中等的，中级的”；moderate意为“有节制的”；intermediate意为“中间的，中级的”。由句中的but可知前后为转折关系，再根据outstanding（杰出的）可知选A。句意：他被认为是一位杰出的艺术家，但我认为他的作品十分普通。18. 翻译题In formulating hypotheses, a common error is the unc

53、ritical acceptance of apparent commonsense but untested assumptions. Thus in the field of psychology, it was for many years automatically assumed that the main cause of forgetfulness is the interval of time elapsing between successive exposures to a learning stimulus. Experimentation, however, was s

54、ubsequently undertaken, and several other factors, such as motivation and the strength or effectiveness of the stimulus, turned out to have an ever more important bearing on the problem. A somewhat similar error arises from neglect of multiple causes. Thus two events may be found to be associated, e

55、.g. when the incidence of a disease in a smoky industrial sector of a city is significantly higher than that in the smoke-free zones, a research worker might infer that the existence of the disease is due to the smokiness of the area when in fact it might equally well be found in other reasons, such

56、 as the under-nourishment of the inhabitants or over-crowding.【答案】【参考译文】在提出假设的过程中，一个常见的错误是不加批判地接受表面上是常识但未经检验的假设。因此，在心理学领域，多年来不经思索地认为健忘的主要原因是消逝在连续受到学习刺激之间的时间间隔。但是后来的实验表明了还有其他几个因素在这个问题中起重要的作用，比如动机和刺激的强度和效力。一个有些类似的错误源自忽视原因的多样性。因此，两个事件可能会被发现有关联，例如，当一种疾病的发病率在烟雾弥漫的城市工业区明显高于无烟区域时，研究人员可能会推论疾病的存在是由于该地区的烟雾的关系

57、，而事实上可能是由于其他的同样可以造成这种疾病的原因，比如居民的营养不良或过分拥挤。19. 单选题In any commercial transaction a consumer must have confidence that the business whose product they are about to purchase is reliable and that the product being offered is worth the price that is paid. The importance in gaining and maintaining is espec

58、ially true when the consumer and business do not share commonalities of geography, culture and/or legal framework. The best companies always understand this expectation and continually strive to exceed it. Other companies -including many newer online merchants -may have good intentions, but lack the

59、 skills or experience to turn the consumers expectation into a reality. A few companies will intentionally seek to exploit this consumers expectation.How to separate these companies in a virtual world is not always easy, and has been the subject of intensive discussion by consumer groups, businesses

60、 and governments. Moreover, policing the companies in the virtual market place is perceived to a daunting challenge. These discussions have generally focused on three key ideas.Codes of Conduct for On-line Business: Individual corporations, business associations and/or governments around the world h

61、ave worked to develop Codes of Conduct, Guidelines. Principles, or Best Practice, etc. for on-line businesses. They describe the actions that a Company should take to protect a consumers rights. They may be included on the companys website and a consumer can review them before making a purchase.Trad

62、emark: To increase consumers confidence that a company will act in accordance with a code of conduct or best practices, a third party Tmstmark is often used. The concept is that by displaying Trustmark. The company represents that it is subject to external oversight. The company would not be allowed

63、 to display the third party mark if the companys action were inconsistent with what is contained in the Code of Conduct or similar document. Trustmarks are most useful when they have strong brand recognition and credibility among customers.Dispute Resolution: Consumers confidence relies on the belief that any dispute will be settled quickly and fairly either by the company directly or through some other means. In the bricks and mortar world a consumer usually has the ability to inspect product before purchasing it and- if it is defective- return it for a re