2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第193期

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1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Youll have to change your _ of life now that you have got a baby.问题1选项A.modeB.moldC.moodD.form【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. mode 方式；模式 B. mold 模具；类型C. mood 情绪 D. form 形式【答案】A【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配与形近词辨析【解题思路】空格处所填词受“生活”修饰，原句句意为“既然你有了孩子，你就得改变你的生活_了。”根据前后语义推测，该处表达的是“生活方式”，A选项mode“

2、方式；模式”最符合要求，mode of life“生活方式”。【干扰项排除】B选项mold“模具；类型”，与“生活”搭配不当；C选项mood“情绪，心情”，与“生活”搭配不当；D选项form“形式”，侧重于指某种形式，虽然有时候可以翻译成方式，但是这个方式还是侧重于指以某种形式，“生活方式”常使用的还是mode。【句意】既然你有了孩子，你就得改变你的生活方式了。2. 单选题He is so _ that he built a porch for his house last summer during his vacation.问题1选项A.productiveB.snobbishC.auth

3、oritativeD.versatile【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. productive 高效的；多产的 B. snobbish 势利的C. authoritative 权威的 D. versatile 多才多艺的【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】根据后文“去年夏天度假时还为自己的房子建了一个门廊”可知，他会修建门廊，体现出他的多才多艺，D选项versatile“多才多艺的”最符合前后语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项productive“高效的；多产的”，侧重于指生产商品或种植农作物的产量高，不符合前后语义衔接；B选项snobbish“势利的”，不符合前后语义衔接；C选项autho

4、ritative“权威的”，不符合前后语义衔接。【句意】他多才多艺，去年夏天度假时还为自己的房子建了一个门廊。3. 单选题The eve of the hurricane appears to be tranquil.问题1选项A.calmB.noisyC.spiralD.transparent【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. calm 平静的 B. noisy 吵闹的C. spiral 螺旋形的 D. transparent 透明的【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】划线词前面部分的语义为“飓风来临的前夕似乎是_”，由此可知，该词是形容飓风来临之前的情况的，根据常识可知，暴风雨来临之前

5、都是平静的，A选项calm“平静的”最符合原句语义衔接。原词tranquil“平静的”。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】飓风来临的前夕似乎很平静。4. 单选题So confused _ that he didnt know how to start his lecture.问题1选项A.since he becameB.would he becomeC.that he becameD.did he become【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. since he became 因为他变得 B. would he become 他变得C. that he became 他

6、变得 D. did he become 他变得【答案】D【考查点】倒装强调句【解题思路】本题考查的是sothat结构的倒装句用法。在这个结构中，如果将so+adj./adv.置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。此处使用的动词为become，需要借助助动词do帮助构成部分倒装；根据从句使用的一般过去时推测，主句也使用一般过去时。因此，D选项did he become符合要求。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语法要求。【句意】他变得如此困惑以至于他不知道如何开始他的演讲。5. 单选题Children are _ to be noisy while they are playing.问题1选项

7、A.easyB.liableC.likelyD.apt【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. easy 容易的 B. liable 可能的C. likely 可能的 D. apt 易于；有倾向的【答案】D【考查点】近义词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“当孩子们在玩耍的时候，他们_吵闹的。”D选项apt“易于；有倾向的”，apt to be noisy指的是有吵吵闹闹的自然倾向，表达的是孩子们在玩耍的时候常常是吵闹的一种自然倾向或状态，D选项语义最恰当。【干扰项排除】A选项easy“容易的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候吵闹起来很容易，一点都不难，表达的是难易程度，语义没有D选项恰当；B选项liable“

8、可能的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候可能是吵闹的，表达的是一种可能性，语义没有D选项恰当；C选项likely“可能的”，代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候可能是吵闹的，表达的是一种可能性，语义没有D选项恰当。【句意】孩子们玩耍的时候往往很吵闹。6. 翻译题1. 绿水青山就是金山银山，保护环境就是保护生产，发展环境就是发展生产力。2. 人类命运共同体，顾名思义就是每个地区每个国家应该把命运紧紧联系在一起，荣辱与共，共同进步。3. 应远离封闭的世界，打造开放的世界，中国有句古话，“万物共存而不相害，道共行而不相逆”，我们应该求同存异，寻找其他事物的优点，发展自己。【答案】1. Lucid waters a

9、nd lush mountains are invaluable assets; protecting the environment means protecting production; developing environment means developing productivity.2. Human community with a shared future, as the name suggests, means that every region and country should closely link their destinies and share weal

10、and woe for common progress.3. We should stay away from a closed world and build an open world. As an old Chinese saying goes, “All living things coexist without harming each other, and all roads work together without going against each other.” We should seek common ground while shelving differences

11、, look for the strengths of other things and develop ourselves.7. 单选题No one in the _ apartment was awaked by their quarrelling sounds.问题1选项A.approachedB.distantC.neighborD.adjacent【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. approached 临近（过去式或过去分词） B. distant 远的C. neighbor 邻居 n. D. adjacent 相邻的【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与近义词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“

12、_公寓里没有人被他们的争吵声吵醒。”按照语义和选项推测，争吵声吵醒的应该是临近公寓的人，该处所填词应该是一个形容词，修饰公寓。D选项adjacent“相邻的”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项approached“临近（过去式或过去分词）”，动词，不做定语修饰“公寓”；B选项distant“远的”，不符合语义衔接；C选项neighbor“邻居”，名词，不能直接修饰公寓。【句意】他们的吵闹声没有吵醒隔壁公寓的人。8. 单选题The love of poetry was _ in him by her reaching.问题1选项A.banishedB.kindledC.hardenedD.smash

13、ed【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. banished 放逐；驱除 B. kindled 激起（兴趣、情感等）C. hardened 硬化；更严厉 D. smashed 打碎；猛烈碰撞【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】前文内容为“对诗歌的热爱”，后文内容为“她的到达”，空格处所填动词搭配的内容为“对诗歌的热爱”，B选项kindled“激起（兴趣、情感等）”与原句语义衔接最恰当。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】她的到达激起了他对诗歌的热爱。9. 单选题They _ themselves _ the politician because they hoped he

14、would become president one day. At last he did.问题1选项A.connectedwithB.combinedwithC.linkedwithD.attachedto【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. connectedwith 与某人有联系 B. combinedwith 使结合；兼有C. linkedwith 把连接起来；有联系 D. attachedto （ yourself to sb）和某人在一起，依附于某人【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与短语辨析【解题思路】空格部分语义为“_他们自己_政治家”，后文提到“因为希望他有一天能成为总统。最后他做

15、到了。”由此推断，他们应该是跟随有可能成为总统的政治家，D选项attachedto“（ yourself to sb）和某人在一起，依附于某人”符合要求；另外，原文的形式_ themselves _ the politician也与D选项的常用形式相符合。因此，本题最佳选项为D。【干扰项排除】A选项connectedwith“与某人有联系”，语义和形式没有D选项恰当；B选项combinedwith“使结合；兼有”，不符合原句语义衔接；C选项linkedwith“把连接起来；有联系”，语义和形式没有D选项恰当。【句意】他们依附于那位政治家，因为他们希望他有一天能成为总统。最后他做到了。10. 单

16、选题What, can rigid, cold calculating mathematics possibly have in common with subtle, creative, lofty, imaginative art? This question faithfully mirrors the state of mind of most people, even of most educated people, when they regard the numbers and symbols that populate the world of mathematics. But

17、 the great leaders of mathematics thought have frequently and repeatedly asserted that the object of their pursuit is just as much an art as it is a science, and perhaps even fine art. Maxime Bocher, eminent mathematician living at the beginning of last century, wrote, “I like to look at mathematics

18、 almost more as an art than as a science; for the activity of the mathematician, constantly creating as he is, guided although not controlled by the external world of the senses, bears a resemblance, not fanciful, I believe, but real, to the activities of the artistof a painter, let us say. Rigorous

19、 deductive reasoning on the part of the mathematician may be likened here to the technical skill in drawing on the part of the painter. Just as one cannot become a painter without a certain amount of skill, so no one can become a mathematician without the power to reason accurately up to a certain p

20、oint.“Yet these qualities, fundamental though they are, do not make a painter or a mathematician worthy of the name, nor indeed are they the most important factors in the case. Other qualities of a far more subtle sort, chief among which in both cases is imagination, go into the making of a good art

21、ist or a good mathematician.”If mathematics wants to lay claim to being an art, however, it must show that it possesses and makes use of at least some of the elements that go to make up the things of beauty. Is not imagination, creative imagination, the most essential element of an art? Let us take

22、a geometric object, such as the circle. To the ordinary man, this is the rim of a wheel, perhaps with spokes in it. Elementary geometry has crowded this simple figure with radii (半径), chords, sectors, tangents (切线), diameters, inscribed and circumscribed polygons, and so on.Here you have already an

23、entire geometrical world created from a very rudimentary beginning. These and other miracles are undeniable proof of the creative power of the mathematician; and, as if this were not enough, the mathematician allows the whole circle to “vanish”, declares it to be imaginary, then keeps on toying with

24、 his new creation in much the same way and with much the same gusto (爱好，兴趣) as he did with the innocent little thing you allowed him to start out with. And all this, remember please, is just elementary plane geometry. Truly, the creative imagination displayed by the mathematician has nowhere been ex

25、ceeded, nor even paralleled, and I would make bold to say, not even closely approached anywhere else.In many ways mathematics exhibits the same elements of beauty that are generally acknowledged to be the essence of poetry. First, let us consider a minor point: the poet arranges his writings on the

26、page in verse. His poem first appeals to the eye before it reaches the ear or the mind; and similarly, the mathematician lines up his formulas and equations so that their form may make an aesthetic impression. Some mathematicians are given to this love of arranging and exhibiting their equations to

27、a degree that borders on a fault. Trigonometry, a branch of elementary mathematics particularly rich in formulas, offers some curious groups of them, curious in their symmetry and their arrangement.The superiority of poetry over other forms of verbal expression lies first in the symbolism used in po

28、etry, and secondly in its extreme condensation and economy of words. Take a poem of universally acknowledged merit, say Shelleys poem “To Night”. Here is the second stanza: Wrap thy form in a mantle gray, star-in wrought! Blind with thine heir the eyes of Day; Kiss her until she be wearied out; Then

29、 wander our city, and sea, and land; touching all with thine opiate wandCome, long-sought!Taken literally, all this is, of course, sheer nonsense and nothing else. Night has no hair, night does not wear any clothes, and night is not an illicit peddler or narcotics. But is there anybody balmy enough

30、to take the words of the poet literally? The words here are only comparisons, only symbols. For the sake of condensation the poet doesnt bother stating that his symbols mean such and such, but goes on to treat them as if they were realities.The mathematician does these things precisely as the poet d

31、oes. Take numbers, for example, the very idea of which is an abstraction, or symbol. When you write the figure 3, you have created a symbol for a symbol, and when you say in algebra that a is a number, you have condensed all the symbols for all the numbers into one all-embracing symbol. These, like

32、other mathematical symbols, and like the poets symbols, are a condensed, concentrated way of stating a long and rather complicated chain of simple geometrical, algebraic, or numerical relations.1. The similarity between the activities of mathematicians and those of artists is _.2. In the writers opi

33、nion, what is the most fundamental element that makes a good artist or mathematician?3. In what way do mathematicians exhibit the same elements of beauty as poet?4. Poetry is superior to other forms of expression for its _.5. Just like poets, mathematicians may use _.问题1选项A.both are controlled by th

34、e external worldB.both resemble the senses of the worldC.both are not fanciful but realD.both involve constant creating问题2选项A.Numerical skills.B.Creation.C.Imagination.D.Sense of beauty.问题3选项A.Mathematicians, love to arrange their formulas and equations so that they take a beautiful form.B.Mathemati

35、cians would like to spare no effort to make their proofs elegant.C.Mathematicians seldom arrange their formulas and equations in symmetry.D.Mathematicians like to arrange their formulas in verse.问题4选项A.unusual dictionB.imaginative expressionC.symbolism, condensation and economy of wordsD.condensatio

36、n and imaginative diction问题5选项A.numbers to signify beautyB.symbols for the sake of comparisonC.poems as a kind of symbolsD.symbols for the sake of condensation and concentration【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The similarity between the activities of mathematicians and those of artists is

37、_. 数学家的活动和艺术家的活动之间的相似之处是_。A. both are controlled by the external world A. 两者都受外部世界的控制B. both resemble the senses of the world B. 两者都类似于世界的感觉C. both are not fanciful but real C. 两者都不是幻想的，而是真实的D. both involve constant creating D. 两者都涉及到不断创造【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词similarity和the activities of mathe

38、maticians and those of artists定位到原文第1段第4句，后半句提到“数学家的活动（the activity of the mathematician），虽然不受外部感官世界的控制，却需要不断地创造（constantly creating），这与艺术家的活动（to the activities of the artist），比如说画家的活动，有相似之处（bears a resemblance），我相信这不是幻想的，而是真实的。”由此可知，数学家的活动和艺术家的活动之间的相似之处在于两者都需要不断创造。因此，D选项“两者都涉及到不断创造”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“

39、两者都受外部世界的控制”，原文提到数学家的活动“不受外部感官世界的控制（not controlled by the external world of the senses）”，该选项表述错误；B选项“两者都类似于世界的感觉”，原文只提到了“外部感官世界（the external world of the senses）”，并没有提到所谓“世界的感觉（the senses of the world）”，该选项属于偷换概念；C选项“两者都不是幻想的，而是真实的”，原文作者是说数学家与艺术家之间的相似性不是幻想的而是真实的，并不是说数学家和艺术家的活动，该选项属于曲解原文。第2题:【选项释义】In

40、 the writers opinion, what is the most fundamental element that makes a good artist or mathematician? 在作者看来，成为一名优秀的艺术家或数学家最重要的要素是什么？A. Numerical skills. A. 数学技巧。B. Creation. B. 创造力。C. Imagination. C. 想象力。D. Sense of beauty. D. 美感。【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词makes a good artist or mathematician定位到原文第

41、2段。本段最后一句提到“还有一些更微妙的品质，其中最主要的就是想象力（chief among which in both cases is imagination），这些品质有助于成为优秀的艺术家或数学家（the making of a good artist or a good mathematician）。”由此可知，作者认为成为一名优秀的艺术家或画家，最重要的是C选项“想象力”。【干扰项排除】A选项“数学技巧”，可定位到原文第2段第1句，该句提到“然而，这些品质，尽管是最基本的，却不能使一个画家或数学家名符其实，它们也不是最重要的因素。”由此可知，上一段提到的品质，如一些技巧（a cer

42、tain amount of skill）和精确的推理能力（the power to reason accurately up to a certain point），并不能使他们被称之为好的艺术家或数学家。该选项属于曲解原文；B选项“创造力”，原文并未提及；D选项“美感”，原文并未提及。第3题:【选项释义】In what way do mathematicians exhibit the same elements of beauty as poet? 数学家是怎样和诗人一样展现美的？A. Mathematicians, love to arrange their formulas and

43、equations so that they take a beautiful form. A. 数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列成一种美丽的形式。B. Mathematicians would like to spare no effort to make their proofs elegant. B. 数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明变得优雅。C. Mathematicians seldom arrange their formulas and equations in symmetry. C. 数学家很少把公式和方程式安排得对称。D. Mathematicians like to

44、 arrange their formulas in verse. D. 数学家喜欢把公式写成韵文。【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词exhibit the same elements of beauty定位到原文第5段第一句，该句提到“在许多方面，数学展现出的美与一般公认的诗歌的本质相同（exhibits the same elements of beauty）。”第2句后半句提到“诗人把他的作品按韵文排列在书页上”，第3句提到“他的诗在进入耳朵或思想之前，首先是视觉的（appeals to the eye）”；紧接着提到“类似地（similarly），数学家排列他的公

45、式和方程式（lines up his formulas and equations），以便它们的形式可以产生美学印象（so that their form may make an aesthetic impression）。”由此可知，诗人把他的作品按韵文排列在书页上，产生视觉上的美感，而数学家也通过排列公式和方程式产生同样的美感，A选项“数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列成一种美丽的形式”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明变得优雅”，原文没有提到“证明（proofs）”，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“数学家很少把公式和方程式排列得对称”，原文没有提到“对称（s

46、ymmetry）”，但是提到了数学家会排列他们的公式和方程式，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“数学家喜欢把公式写成韵文”，原文是说诗人会把他们写的作品按韵文排列，而数学家也会排列他们的公式和方程式，该选项属于张冠李戴。第4题:【选项释义】Poetry is superior to other forms of expression for its _. 诗歌优于其他表达形式，因为它的_。A. unusual diction A. 不寻常的措辞B. imaginative expression B. 富有想象力的表达C. symbolism, condensation and economy of

47、words C. 象征、词语的凝练和简洁D. condensation and imaginative diction D. 凝练和富有想象力的措辞【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Poetry和superior to other forms定位到原文第6段第1句，该句提到“诗歌相对于其他语言表达形式的优势，首先在于诗歌中使用的象征主义（first in the symbolism used in poetry），其次在于文字的极端浓缩和精简（extreme condensation and economy of words）。”由此可知，C选项“象征、词语的凝练和简洁”

48、符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“不寻常的措辞”、B选项“富有想象力的表达”、D选项“凝练和富有想象力的措辞”，均不符合原文表述，属于无中生有。第5题:【选项释义】Just like poets, mathematicians may use _. 就像诗人一样，数学家也会_。A. numbers to signify beauty A. 使用数字代表美丽B. symbols for the sake of comparison B. 为了比较而使用的符号C. poems as a kind pf symbols C. 使用诗歌作为一种象征D. symbols for the sake of c

49、ondensation and concentration D. 为了凝练和集中而使用符号【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Just like poets和mathematicians定位到原文最后一段第1句“数学家所做的事情和诗人所做的完全一样。”本段最后一句提到“这些符号，就像其他的数学符号一样（mathematical symbols），也像诗人的符号一样（like the poets symbols），是一种凝练的、集中的方式（a condensed, concentrated way of），用来表述由简单的几何、代数或数字关系组成的长而复杂的数学链。”由此可知

50、，数学家和艺术家都会使用符号，因为这是一种凝练而集中的表达方式，D选项“为了凝练和集中而使用符号”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“使用数字代表美丽”，这不是数学家与诗人相同的地方，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“为了比较而使用的符号”，数学家使用符合不是为了比较，该选项属于曲解原文；C选项“使用诗歌作为一种象征”，数学家不是用诗歌来表示象征，而是使用字母（in algebra that a is a number），该选项属于曲解原文。11. 单选题Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways o

51、f life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however, savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intri

52、nsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backw

53、ard” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today.Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns or

54、grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1) All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabula

55、ry expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2) The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and

56、complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (this and that); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, and what is removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the futur

57、e.1. The author considers the term culture as _.2. An important function of a languages vocabulary is its power to _.3. The “backward” languages often surprise us because of their _.4. Which two concepts are treated as parallels in this selection?5. The author probably makes it a point to refer to t

58、he professional anthropologist and linguist because _.问题1选项A.equivalent to customsB.a civilized notionC.an unprejudiced conceptD.traditional, whether savage or civilized问题2选项A.describe objectsB.adapt itself and expandC.narrate eventsD.borrow from other languages问题3选项A.complex distinctionB.remoteness

59、 from daily habitsC.severe standards of expressionD.savage groans and gestures问题4选项A.Civilization and culture.B.Language and social order.C.Culture and anthropology.D.Language and culture.问题5选项A.he wants to influence themB.nonprofessional people think differentlyC.he favors the groupD.they are now p

60、repared in the field【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The author considers the term culture as _. 作者认为“文化”一词_。A. equivalent to customs A. 相当于习俗B. a civilized notion B. 一个文明的概念C. an unprejudiced concept C. 一个不带偏见的概念D. traditional, whether savage or civilized D. 传统的，无论野蛮还是文明【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题【解题

61、思路】根据题干关键词the term culture定位到原文第一、二段。第二段第一句提到“一种文化相对于另一种文化来说并不具有内在的优越性（no intrinsic superiority）”，由“没有优越性”可知，作者认为文化这个概念本身是不带任何偏见的，C选项“一个不带偏见的概念”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“相当于习俗”，第一段第一句提到“文化是某一特定群体的所有传统、习俗（customs）、信仰和生活方式的总和（the sum total of all）。”因此，习俗只是文化中的一部分，该选项属于以偏概全；B选项“一个文明的概念”，第一段第二句提到“每个群体都有一种文化，无论在我们

62、看来它是多么的野蛮、不发达或未开化（uncivilized）。”由此可知，即使在我们看来未开化的群体也拥有文化，所以说“文化是一个文明的概念”是不准确的，该选项表述错误，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“传统的，无论野蛮还是文明”，由A选项定位句可知，文化不仅仅包括传统的内容，该选项表述不准确，属于以偏概全。第2题:【选项释义】An important function of a languages vocabulary is its power to _. 一门语言的词汇的一个重要功能就是它能_。A. describe objects A. 描述对象B. adapt itself and expand B. 适应和扩展C. narrate events C. 叙述事件D. borrow from other languages D. 借用其他语言【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词function和a languages vocabulary可定位到原文第四段。本段第三句提到“然而，即使在这一领域，也有两件事需要注意：所有语言似乎都具有扩大词汇量的机制（vocabulary expansi