2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及模拟押密卷73（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Some donors, battered by so many appeals for help, may find themselves battling compassion（ ）.问题1选项A.indolenceB.fatigueC.vacuumD.leave【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项indolence“懒散，懒惰，无痛”；B选项fatigue“疲劳，疲乏，杂役”；C选项vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸尘器”；D选项leave“离开，许可，同意，休假”。compassion fatigue“同情

2、疲劳”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一击，可能会发现自己正在与同情疲劳作斗争。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题An emergency rights issue by HBOS was a flop: only 8.3% of the British banks shares were taken up by investors.问题1选项A.misfeasanceB.washoutC.flameD.optima【答案】B【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项misfeasance“过失；行为失检；不当行为”；B选项washout“冲刷；失败者”；C选项flame“火焰；热情；光辉”；D选项

3、optima“最合适条件；最佳状态”。句意：苏格兰哈里法克斯银行（HBOS）的一次紧急配股发行失败了：投资者只认购了这家英国银行8.3%的股份。flop“彻底失败，不成功；沉重、松散又笨拙的动作”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。3. 单选题The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a conveni

4、ent stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-days flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example.Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coining halfway round the world to vis

5、it. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western. Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of

6、living is much higher.Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politic ally within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other

7、areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners.More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry

8、which earns the country more than US$950 million each year The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a world-wide campaign, taking part in trade fairs, and international events to attract visitors to Chile.Chiles great strength as

9、 a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to C

10、aribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services.But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south a

11、re home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers.However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The s

12、ki resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks.Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chiles two largest

13、 airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost non-existent. Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is devel

14、opment being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets.But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmenta

15、l groups, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts.The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sen

16、sitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica.The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these

17、areas. But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the countrys tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to

18、mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.1. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by（ ）.2. Many of Chiles tourists used to come from EXCEPT（ ）.3. According to the author, Chiles greatest attraction is（ ）.4. According to the passage, in which area improvement is already under w

19、ay?5. The objection to the development of Chiles tourism might be all EXCEPT that it（ ）.问题1选项A.geographical locationB.guerrilla warfareC.political instabilityD.street crime问题2选项A.U.S .AB.the Far EastC.Western EuropeD.her neighbors问题3选项A.the unspoilt beachesB.the dry and hot desertC.the famous mounta

20、in rangeD.the high standard of services问题4选项A.Facilities in the ski resorts.B.Domestic transport system.C.Air services to Asia.D.Road network in the south.问题5选项A.is politically sensitiveB.is ambitious and unrealisticC.will bring harm to cultureD.will cause pollution in the area【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题

21、:D第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文章第一段“The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth.（智利把自己标榜为一个旅游目的地所面临的最大问题就是它处于地球的尽头。）”，再根据下文说到智利不像墨西哥那样处于交通停留点，由此便可推断出智利所处的地理位置不好。A选项“地理位置”正确；B选项“游击战争”是秘鲁所面临的问题；C选项“政治不稳定”文章未提到；D

22、选项“街头犯罪”是巴西所面临的问题，因此A选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据题意可定位到文章第二段“But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western. Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nea

23、rest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.（但它成功了，不仅在美国和西方国家这样的现有市场。但在新的地区，尤其是远东。然而，国内市场并没有被遗忘。到智利旅游的游客中，仍有超过50%来自最近的邻国阿根廷，那里的生活成本要高得多。）”。A选项“美国”；B选项“远东”和C选项“西欧”文中都有提到，D选项“她的邻居们”看似是正确的，但文中只提到了她的阿根廷邻居，并且所占比例就超过了50%，并没有提到她的邻居们，因此D选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段第一句话“But the trump card

24、 is the Andes mountain range.（但王牌是安第斯山脉。）”，由此可知智利最有吸引力的地方还是安第斯山脉。A选项“未受破坏的海滩”；B选项“干热的沙漠”；C选项“著名的山脉”；D选项“高标准的服务”。因此C选项正确。4.细节事实题。本题可用排除法。A选项“滑雪胜地的设施”和B选项“国内运输系统”，文章第七段提到“The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only

25、 the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks.（滑雪胜地没有欧洲同行那么多的电梯，而南部糟糕的道路意味着只有最坚定的游客才能看到最好的国家公园。）”，由此可知滑雪胜地设施不完善，交通运输也不发达，故排除A、B选项；C选项“飞往亚洲的航空服务”，文章第八段提到“while services to Asia are almost non-existent.（而飞往亚洲的航线几乎不存在。）”，故排除C选项，因此D选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章9、10、11段，A选项“政治敏感”；B选项“雄心勃勃，不

26、切实际”；C选项“会给文化带来危害”；D选项“将在该地区造成污染”。其中A、C、D选项都有提到，只有B选项没被提及，因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Price touched something near（ ）bottom this year.问题1选项A.capB.waterC.rockD.pot【答案】C【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项cap“盖；帽子；脱帽致意；覆盖；胜过；给戴帽；加盖于”；B选项water“水；海水；雨水；海域，大片的水”；C选项rock“岩石；摇滚乐；暗礁；摇晃”；D选项pot“壶；盆；罐；把装罐；射击；节略”。根据固定搭配rock bottom“最低点；受挫”可知该题选

27、rock。句意：这一年物价接近低谷。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题His trial is fixed for next week, but he has been allowed out on（ ）.问题1选项A.paroleB.leaveC.bailD.perjury【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项on parole“被假释；假释”；B选项on leave“休假；在休假中；放假”；C选项on bail“保释；保释中”；D选项perjury“伪证；伪证罪；背信弃义”，没有on perjury这个说法。bail与parole的区别：在欧美，被告如果没有逃亡或串供之虞，法官常常裁定保释，类似

28、于我国的取保候审；假释是指已经在服刑的犯人，如果服完了最低刑期标准，同时在狱中表现良好，经假释审查委员会评估通过，就可以提早出狱。句意：他的审判定在下周，但他已获准保释。6. 单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Une

29、mployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor

30、market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dim

31、ensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep the

32、m out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers w

33、hose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, th

34、ose who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full

35、-time work or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that th

36、ose failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can

37、be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1. Which of the

38、 following is the principal topic of the passage?2. The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that（ ）.3. Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?4. According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to o

39、ver-predict the amount of economic hardship is the（ ）.5. Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the authors argument concerning why poverty statistics cannot properly be used to show the effects of problems in the labor market?问题1选项A.What causes labor market pathologies that resul

40、t in suffering.B.Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.C.How social statistics give an unclear picture/of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities.D.Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating

41、the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment.问题2选项A.unemployment now has less severe effectsB.more people were unemployed in the 1930sC.poverty has increased since the 1930sD.social programs are more needed now问题3选项A.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which

42、 unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.B.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.C.The labor force should be restructured so that it corresponds to the range of job vacancies.D.Innov

43、ative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.问题4选项A.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB.possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per workerC.fact that unemployment counts do not include those

44、who work for low wages and remain poorD.establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics问题5选项A.A short-term increase in the number of those in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because the basic number of those unable to accept employment remains

45、 approximately constant.B.For those who are in poverty as a result of joblessness, there are social programs available that provide a minimum standard of living.C.Poverty statistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics, when each is taken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemplo

46、yment.D.The elderly and handicapped categories include many who previously were employed in the labor market.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讨论的内容可由第一段结尾和第二段开头得知“so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies. Yet there are also many ways our

47、 social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship.（因此贫困统计绝不是劳动力市场病态的准确指标。然而，我们的社会统计数据也在很多方面低估了劳动力市场相关困难的程度。）”。由此可知文章主要讲述了为什么收入估算措施对于知晓贫困程度而言是不精确的。A选项“是什么导致了劳动力市场的病态，导致了痛苦”；B选项“为什么收入衡量在衡量贫困程度上不精确”；C选项“社会统计如何不清楚地说明低工资和就业机会不足所造成的困难程度”；D选项“目前使用的统计程序中，哪一种是估计失业造成的困难发生率的最佳方法”。因此B

48、选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第四句“Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners（今天失业造成的影响不及20世纪30年代那般严重，那时失业的都是养家糊口的人）”，由此可推断出在那个时候失业对一个家庭而言就意味着吃住问题得不到解决，现在失业的影响比那时候小得多。A选项“失业现在的影响不那么严重了”正确；B选项“20世纪30年代，更多的人失业”；C

49、选项“20世纪30年代以来贫困户增加了”；D选项“现在更需要社会项目”都不符合题意，因此A选项正确。3.主旨大意题。联系71题可知作者提出的问题为“为什么收入估算措施对于知晓贫困程度而言是不精确的”，所以A选项“应该制定新的统计指标来衡量失业和报酬不足造成痛苦的程度”最能回应该问题；B选项“应该考虑到统计数据可以作为他们声称要测量的现象的部分原因的方法”；C选项“劳动力结构应调整，使其与职位空缺范围相适应”；D选项“应该建立使用多种方法的创新项目来降低失业水平”都不符合题意，因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第二句话“The unemployment counts ex

50、clude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty.（失业率统计排除了数百万完全就业的工人，他们的工资太低，以至于他们的家庭仍然处于贫困之中。）”，由此可知失业统计不包括那些低工资工作和仍然贫穷的人的事实。A选项“一群低薪工人失业期的反复出现”；B选项“每个工人可能从多个工作中获得收入的可能性”；D选项“建立一个记录制度，使汇编贫困统计数字成为可能”都不符合题意，C选项“失业统计不包括那些低工资工作和仍然贫穷的人的事实”正确，因此C选项

51、正确。5.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句话“Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.（贫困统计中统计的大多数人是老年人、残疾人或因家庭责任而无法

52、进入劳动力市场的人，因此贫困统计绝不是劳动力市场病态的准确指标。）”。A选项“短期内贫困人口数量的增加可能意味着就业机会的短缺，因为无法接受就业的基本人数大致保持不变”；B选项“对于那些因失业而陷入贫困的人，有提供最低生活标准的社会项目”；C选项“贫穷统计数字与收入统计数字并不一致，因为每一项都被视为衡量失业造成的困难的指标”都不符合题意，没有表达作者的批评，D选项“老年人和残疾人类别包括许多以前在劳动力市场工作的人”符合题意，因此D选项正确。7. 单选题After three weeks of fruitless haggling with Prime Minister Benjamin N

53、etanyahu, the Obama administration has given up its efforts to persuade the Israeli government to freeze construction of Jewish settlements for 90 days, a senior administration official said Tuesday.The decision leaves Middle East peace talks in flux, with the Palestinians refusing to resume direct

54、negotiations absent a moratorium the United States struggling to find another formula to bring them back to the table. It is another setback in what has proved to be a star-crossed campaign by President Obama.The administration decided to pull the plug, officials said, because it concluded that even

55、 if Mr. Netanyahu persuaded his cabinet to accept a freeze which he had not yet been able to do the 90-day negotiating period would not have produced the progress on core issues that the United States originally had sought.Administration officials did not offer a Plan B to revive the talks, and anal

56、ysts said it was not clear that the administration had one, beyond a general commitment to keep talking to the Israelis and Palestinians about the major issues that divide them: borders, security and the status of Jerusalem, among others.A preview of the administrations next move could come in an ad

57、dress on Middle East policy that Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is scheduled to deliver on Friday at the Brookings Institution. But the administrations strategy appeared to be unsettled.“Wisely, in my view, the administration is bending to reality,” said Robert Malley, a peace negotiator

58、in the Clinton administration, “The most likely scenario is that this moratorium was going to buy them a short reprieve, and was then going to plunge them into the same crisis they were in before”.Neither the Israelis nor the Palestinians issued a response to the news. But administration officials s

59、aid the United States made the decision after consultations between Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Netanyahu. The two had hammered out the agreement on a 90-day freeze, which Mr. Netanyahu later said he could not sell to his cabinet without written security assurances from the Americans.Those assurances, whic

60、h included 20 F-35 stealth airplanes and an American pledge to veto anti-Israel resolutions at the United Nations, were never delivered to the Israelis. While that package is now off the table, an official said, he reiterated that the United States would continue to protect Israels security and figh

61、t efforts to challenge its legitimacy in international organizations.In the short run, analysts said the failure raised questions about Mr. Netanyahus capacity to negotiate a final deal.But the Palestinians also shifted their position, insisting that a settlement freeze must include East Jerusalem a

62、s well as the West Bank. Israels initial 10-month moratorium included only the West Bank. The United States never asked Mr. Netanyahu to expand it to Jerusalem, and analysts said Mr. Netanyahu would never have been able to persuade his right-wing cabinet to go along with it.There were also deeply di

63、vergent views about what the two sides would discuss during the 90 days, officials said. The Palestinians wanted the talks to focus tightly on the borders of a future Palestinian state. Mr. Netanyahu resisted that, saying the two sides must discuss the full gamut of issues rather than just borders.M

64、r. Obama began direct negotiations with great hoopla in early September, but the talks ground to a halt within weeks over the issue of settlements. After meeting three times in that month, Mr. Netanyahu and the Palestinian Authority president, Mahmoud Abbas, have not sat down since then.1. A star-crossed campaign refers to a(n)（ ）one.2. The administrations next move is about to（ ）.3. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?4. A short reprieve refers to a