2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第156期

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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. at large 在逃的 B. at intervals 时时，不时C. at ease 安逸地，不紧张地 D. at random 随机地，随便地【考查点】语义衔接与词组辨析【解题思路】首先，空格后是一

2、个完整的句子，该处应填入一个副词，做状语。其次，前文提到“这个讲座冗长而令人疲惫”，后文提到“发言的人停下来喝点水”根据sothat提示，后者应该是前文的结果，B选项at intervals“时时，不时”符合原文语境。【干扰项排除】A选项at large“在逃的”，语义和词性不符；C选项at ease“安逸地，不紧张地”，语义不符；D选项at random“随机地，随便地”，原文是指喝水的频率高，而不是说喝得很随便。【句意】这个讲座冗长而令人疲惫以至于发言的人都不时停下来喝点水。2. 单选题Over the past decade, American companies have tried

3、hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses pay to various performance measures, and giving bos

4、ses share options so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.These reforms have been widely adopted by Americas larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their, lead. But have they done any good? Three papers presented at the a

5、nnual meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the bosss friends from the board and replacing them with

6、outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing th

7、e outsiders.All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, “independent” boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link

8、between pay and performances.To assess the impact of performance-related pay, Mr. Westphal asked the bosses of 103 companies with sales of over1 billion dollars what measurements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the resea

9、rchers big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a companys overall success.In Short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their advantage which is probably why they are the

10、people who are put in charge of things. Here is a paradox for the management theorists: any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having.25. The phrase “feathering their own nests” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _.26. What is the purp

11、ose of the large companies in recruiting outsiders and putting them on the board of directors?27. What does Professor James Westphals study suggests?28. The word “seduction” (Para.4) probably means _.29. Which of the following statements is true?30. How does the author feel about the efforts to cont

12、rol senior executives?问题1选项A.sacrifice themselvesB.decorate their homesC.use their position for personal gainsD.invest a lot of money问题2选项A.To diversify the business of the corporation.B.To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors.C.To introduce effective reforms i

13、n business management.D.To protect the interests of the shareholders.问题3选项A.boardroom reforms have failed to achieve the desired resultB.outside board directors tend to be more independentC.with a boardroom full of outsiders, senior managers work more conscientiouslyD.cooperation between senior mana

14、gers and board directors suffered from the reforms问题4选项A.efforts to conquerB.attempts to win overC.endeavors to increase profitsD.exertions to understand问题5选项A.Corporate executives in general are worth the high pay they receive.B.The income of corporate executives is proportional to the growth of co

15、rporate profits.C.Corporate executives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.D.The performance of corporate executives affects their own interests more than those of the shareholders.问题6选项A.doubtfulB.optimisticC.positiveD.approving【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A【解析】25. 词汇推

16、测题。1）句中前后信息衔接：根据题干“第1段中的词组feather their own nest的意思最接近于”，可定位到第1段第1句Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，以阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价_。）由此可知，feather their o

17、wn nest是企业高级经理人的行为，并且这种行为是以牺牲股东利益为代价的。另外，该词组字面的意思是“用羽毛装饰他们的巢”。2）上下文语义衔接：后文The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options so that they have the sam

18、e long-term interests as their shareholders.（最受欢迎的三项改革是招募更多外部董事，使董事会更加独立、将老板们的薪酬与各种绩效指标挂钩和给老板们股票期权，这样他们就和股东们有同样的长期利益。）由此可知，后文讲的是针对1）中的问题，采取的应对措施，这些应对措施都是限制或规范企业高级管理者行为的。3）篇章主旨：本文的主题是企业经营管理的改革，B选项“装饰他们家”与主题无关，排除。4）搭配用法：本题无需参考综上所诉，企业高级管理者的行为：feather their own nest“用羽毛装饰他们的巢”，牺牲了企业股东的利益，并且给自己带来了好处，C选项“

19、利用职位谋取私利”最符合语境。A选项“牺牲自己”，表述错误，他们牺牲的是股东的利益，而不是他们自己的利益；D选项“投资很多钱”，没有依据，属于无中生有。因此，本题最佳选项为C。26. 推理判断题。1）句中线索：根据题干“大企业把外来者招进董事会的目的是什么”，可定位到第1段第2句The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, （最受欢迎的三项改革是招募更多外部董事，使董事会更加独立）由此可知，企业这么做是企业改

20、革的措施之一，并且这项措施是为了“使董事会更加独立”，因此B选项“加强高级管理人员与董事会之间的合作”表述错误，该选项的“合作”与原文的“独立”相矛盾，属于反向干扰，排除。2）上下文线索：本文第1段第1句Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，阻止高级管理人

21、员以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利。）由此可知，为了“阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利”，美国的企业采取了改革措施，那么改革的目的应该是为了限制高级管理人员的权力，以保护股东的利益，D选项“保护股东利益”，表述符合原文；C选项“对企业管理进行有效改革”，表述也正确，但是，对企业管理进行改革的目的也是为了保护股东的利益，D选项表述更好。A选项“使公司业务多样化”，没有依据，属于无中生有，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。27. 事实细节题。1）精准定位：根据题干“James Westphal教授的研究表明”，可定位到文章第3-5段，这3段详细介绍了James Westphal教授的研究结果。

22、第3段最后一句Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.（相反，他发现，董事会里满是外部人士的老板们会花很多时间与外部人士建立联盟，做个人恩情，并且通常会取悦外部人士。）由此可知，董事会里的外部董事与老板们建立了同盟，B选项“外部董事往往更独立”表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除；老板们会花大部分的时间

23、精力取悦外部董事，而不是认真工作，C选项“在董事会里挤满了外部人员的情况下，高级经理们工作起来会更加认真”，表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除；改革使高层管理人员与董事会之间建立了同盟，反而加强了两者之间的合作，D选项“高层管理人员和董事会之间的合作受到了改革的影响”，表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除。A选项“董事会改革未能达到预期效果”，可定位到原文第2段最后两句Three papers presented at this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences

24、have differed from those intended.（本周在上发表的三篇论文给出的答案是否定的。就像通常的董事会修修补补一样，结果与预期不同。）由此可知，研究表明改革没有达到预期效果，该选项表述符合原文。2）综合理解：本文第2段总述研究表明改革没有达到预期效果，第3-5段展开详细介绍研究结论，所以A选项“董事会改革未能达到预期效果”表述正确。因此，本题最佳选项为A。28. 词汇推测题。1）句中前后信息衔接：根据题干“seduction这个词的意思可能是”可定位到原文第4段第1句All too often, these seductions succeed.（这些_往往会成功。）

25、2）上下文语义衔接：根据上文第3段最后一句Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.（相反，他发现，董事会里满是外部人士的老板们会花很多时间与外部人士建立联盟，做个人恩情，并且通常会取悦外部人士。）可知，these seductions指的应该是老板们为了取悦外部董事而做的个人恩情，为了跟他们建立联盟花

26、的很多时间和精力。根据后文第4段第2句Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, “independent” boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders.（Westphal发现，在很大程度上，“独立”董事会采取的策略可能更有利于高管而不是股东。）可知，“成功”指的是企业高管们的行为成功地让董事会做出有利于高管自己的决策。3）篇章主旨：本文的主题是企业经营管理的改革，A选项“为了征服的努力”、D选项“为了理

27、解付出的努力”与本文主旨无关，排除。4）搭配用法：本题无需参考。综上所述，B选项“为了赢得支持的尝试”表述最符合原文；C选项“为了增加利润的努力”表述错误，企业高管们的目的仅仅是为了自己的利益，而不是增加整个企业的利润，该选项属于偷换概念，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为B。29. 事实细节题。1）精准定位：题干“下列表述正确的是？”A选项“一般来说，公司主管们的高薪是值得的”，可定位到原文第4段最后两句Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, “independent” boards pursue strategies that are li

28、kely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performances.（Westphal发现，在很大程度上，“独立”董事会采取的策略可能更有利于高管而不是股东。这类公司将业务多元化，增加高管薪酬，并削弱薪酬与业绩之间的联系。）由此可知，董事会被高管们收买，而做出有利于高管们利益的决策，增加高管的薪酬，所以选项表述是

29、错误的，该选项属于反向干扰。B选项“公司高管的收入与公司利润的增长成正比”，可定位到第5段最后一句But the researchers big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a companys overall success.（但研究人员的重大发现是，老板们关注影响自己收入的指标，忽视或淡化其他影响公司整体成功的因素。）由此可知，高管们更关注自身的利益，而忽视公司整体的利益

30、，那么高管的收入和公司利润成正比就没有依据，该选项表述错误，属于无中生有。C选项“公司高管们往往利用他们的职位来使自己富有”，可定位到原文第1段第1句Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利。）由此可知，选项表述正

31、确。D选项“公司高管的业绩对其自身利益的影响大于对股东利益的影响”，可定位到第5段最后一句But the researchers big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a companys overall success.（但研究人员的重大发现是，老板们关注影响自己收入的指标，忽视或淡化其他影响公司整体成功的因素。）原文是说高管们更关注绩效评估体系中影响自己体系的指标，忽视影响

32、公司整体利益的指标，但是选项说的却是高管们的业绩的不同影响，属于偷换概念，排除。2）综合理解：题干要求选择表述正确的选项，A、B、D选项均表述错误，只有C选项正确，因此，本题最佳选项为C。30. 观点态度题。1）精准定位：根据题干“作者如何看待限制高级管理人员的努力”，可定位到原文第2段最后3句But have they done any good? Three papers suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intend

33、ed.（但是他们产生了好的结果吗？三篇论文表明，答案是否定的。就像通常的董事会修修补补一样，结果与预期不同。）2）综合理解：由此可知，对于企业进行的限制高级管理人员的改革，作者的态度的否定的，消极的，A选项“怀疑的，靠不住的”符合原文。B选项“乐观的”、C选项“肯定的”、D选项“满意的”，三个选项的情感基调与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。3. 单选题Mr. Tunick filed suit against the New York police department after city officials _ his request.问题1选项A.turned downB.tur

34、ned inC.turned offD.turned out【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. turned down 拒绝 A. turned in 上床睡觉；上交，提交C. turned off 关闭；失去兴趣；离开 D. turned out 结果是【考查点】词组辨析【解题思路】原文空格处的主语为“纽约市官员”宾语为“他的请求”，并且在这件事发生之后，“Tunick对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼”，由此推断，Tunick因为请求被拒绝，所以对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼，A选项turned down“拒绝”符合语义。【干扰项排除】B选项turned in“上床睡觉；上交，提交”，语义不符；C选项tu

35、rned off“关闭；失去兴趣；离开（道路）”，语义不符；D选项turned out“结果是”，语义不符。【句意】在纽约市官员拒绝他的请求后，Tunick对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼。4. 翻译题各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的方法。然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂的。【答案】Various Di

36、sciplines evolve with astonishing speed, but the methods of measuring knowledge and competence remain as primitive as ever. It is a little weird that no more effective and reliable method than examinations has been found in education so far. Although many people believe that examinations can measure

37、 ones level of knowledge, it is obvious to all that the opposite is true. An examination might be a good way to test ones ability of rote memorization and skills of answering quickly under extreme pressure. However, it cannot tell you ones aptitude and practical capabilities.5. 单选题With 1 million cop

38、ies sold out within just 2 weeks, that book is indeed a _ success.问题1选项A.provisionalB.sensationalC.sentimentalD.potential【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. provisional 临时的 B. sensational 轰动性的C. sentimental 情感的 D. potential 潜在的【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是“成功（success）”，前文提到“这本书在短短两周内就售出了100万册”，由此推测，这本书的成功是令人震惊的，B选项sensat

39、ional“轰动性的”符合原文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑，没有依据。【句意】这本书在短短两周内就售出了100万册，真是轰动一时的成功。6. 单选题The captain _ the horizon for approaching ships.问题1选项A.scannedB.scrutinizedC.exploredD.swept【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析与上下文语义。A选项scanned“（sth for sth）仔细察看；审视”；B选项scrutinized“（sb/sth）仔细审查，用挑剔的眼光以及对细节苛求的态度”；C选项explored“（实地）勘探，

40、考察”；D选项swept“扫地；大步走”。句意：船长_地平线为了_靠近的船只。根据句意，船长应该是用眼睛仔细察看地平线，排除C、D选项；句意强调“仔细检查”，B选项中“挑剔、苛求的态度”语气过重，且从搭配的角度入手，根据原文中的介词for提示，空格处选用动词scan更好。因此，本题最佳选项为A。7. 单选题Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark

41、 the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even drea

42、ms. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer, Jean-Jac-quesd “Ortous Mairan”, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at t

43、he same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that mans biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25

44、 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhy

45、thms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so

46、 no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. The instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hor

47、mones in the blood, other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no ide

48、a what time it is. In the first four years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman

49、 to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.26. The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in _.27. In his observation, the French sci

50、entist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles _.28. The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms” (Paragraph 2) probably means _.29. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman, the doctor who is on duty does not work the

51、same time each day _.30. What is Mr. Weitzmans ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory?问题1选项A.the regulation of body temperatureB.the secretion of hormonesC.animal reproductionD.many aspects of plant and animal physiology问题2选项A.even when it was kept in a murky place all dayB.even if it was pla

52、ced in the moonlightC.even when he was observing it from a dark placeD.even during the night time问题3选项A.They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to a man-made clockB.They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them

53、C.They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythmsD.They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life问题4选项A.in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different timesB.so as not to be recognized by the peopleC.so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when

54、 he starts workD.so as to leave the peoples circadian rhythms in disorder问题5选项A.He wanted to have his experiment report published in the newspapers.B.People are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.C.He wanted to find a way to treat peoples diseases.D.He could gain some reputation f

55、or the first scientific observation of circadian.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】26. 【选项释义】The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in _. 生物钟被认为在_中起着重要作用。A. the regulation of body temperature A. 体温的调节B. the secretion of hormones B. 激素的分泌C. animal reproduction C. 动物繁殖D. many aspect

56、s of plant and animal physiology D. 植物和动物生理活动的许多方面【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词biological clock和play an essential role定位到原文第1段。该段第一句为段落核心句，该句提到“每个生物都有一个控制行为（controls behavior）的内在生物钟。”后文具体写到它是怎么控制动植物行为的，“生物钟告诉植物什么时候形成花骨朵（when to form flowers），什么时候开花（when the flowers should open）”，“它告诉昆虫什么时候离开保护茧飞走”，“它告诉动物什

57、么时候吃，什么时候睡，什么时候醒”，“它控制体温（controls body temperature），一些激素的释放（the release of some hormones），甚至做梦”。由此推断，生物钟影响动植物生理活动的方方面面，D选项“植物和动物生理活动的许多方面”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“体温的调节”，只是其中一个方面，该选项属于以偏概全；B选项“激素的分泌”，只是其中一个方面，该选项属于以偏概全；C选项“动物繁殖”，只是其中一个方面，该选项属于以偏概全。27. 【选项释义】In his observation, the French scientist noticed th

58、at the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles _. 在他的观察中，这位法国科学家注意到某一种植物的叶子保持着开闭循环_。A. even when it was kept in a murky place all day A. 即使它被放在阴暗的地方一整天B. even if it was placed in the moonlight B. 即使它被放在月光下C. even when he was observing it from a dark place C. 即使他在黑暗的地方观察它D

59、. even during the night time D. 即使是在晚上【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词French scientist、the leaves of a certain plant和its opening-and-closing cycles定位到原文第2段。该段第2-3句提到“法国天文学家注意到，他的一种植物每天早上的同一时间开放叶子，每天晚上的同一时间关闭叶子。即使他一直把它放在黑暗的地方（even when he kept it in a dark place），它也会这样做。”由此可知，C选项“即使他在黑暗的地方观察它”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“

60、即使它被放在阴暗的地方一整天”，原文只是说“在黑暗的地方”，并没有说“在阴暗的地方一整天”，该选项属于过度推理；B选项“即使它被放在月光下”，原文只是说“在黑暗的地方”，并没有说“月光下”，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“即使是在晚上”，原文只是说“在黑暗的地方”，黑暗的地方不一定是“晚上”，该选项属于过度推理。28. 【选项释义】The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms” (Paragraph 2) probably means _. “他们可以自由地听从自己的昼夜节奏，并按照自己的昼

61、夜节奏生活”，第2段这句话想表达的意思可能是_。A. They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to a man-made clock A. 他们可以根据自己的生物钟来生活，而不用参考人造时钟B. They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them B. 他们可以听着美妙的生物钟节奏，并基本按生物钟生活C. They can live by

62、 regulating their own circadian rhythms C. 他们可以通过调节自己的昼夜节奏来生活D. They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life D. 他们摆脱了日常生活烦人的节奏【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph 2定位到原文第2段。题干引用的句子为该段第8句，该句描述的是美国医生Eliot Weitzman的实验对象。本段第6句提到该实验的目的是“研究我们的生物钟是如何工作的（to study how our biological clock works）。”实验应

63、该是为实验目的服务的，因此，题干引用句“他们可以自由地听从自己的昼夜节奏，并按照自己的昼夜节奏生活”的意思应该是“他们可以按照自己的生物钟生活”，A选项“他们可以根据自己的生物钟来生活，而不用参考人造时钟”表述正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“他们可以听着美妙的生物钟节奏，并基本按生物钟生活”，前半句表述错误，原文listen to的意思不是“听着美妙的生物钟节奏”，而应该是“听从”，该选项属于曲解原文；C选项“他们可以通过调节自己的昼夜节奏来生活”，原文没有提到“调节自己的节奏”，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“他们摆脱了日常生活烦人的节奏”，原文没有提到“日常生活的节奏烦人”，只是让他们按照生物钟生活，该选项属于无中生有。29. 【选项释义】In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman, the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day _. 在Weitzman的实验中，值班医生每天的工作时间并不相同_。A. in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different times A. 以便观察人们在不同时期的反