2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第177期

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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Our stomachs can often be a mystery to us and many of us dont realize just how much the food we eat can impact on our mood and mental well-being.According to charity Allergy UK, a shocking 45% of us suffers with food and drink intolerances, beveragethis is calle

2、d food intolerance.Food intolerance is a much more common problem than food allergy and one of the most harmful symptoms can be low mood. 1 in 4 people in the UK will suffer problems with their mood or mental health every year,with anti-depressant prescriptions increasing by over 40 % in the last 5

3、years.Recent research from York Test Laboratories, leading experts in food intolerance testing, has found that 97% of their customers reported problems relating to mood as a significant symptom of their food intolerance, of which 73% felt that their mood had significantly improved after altering the

4、ir diets to remove foods to which they reacted.In addition, in a recent paper published in the Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences,over 81 % of patients reported a significant improvement in mood and mental well-being as a direct consequence of applying the dietary changes recommended by York Tes

5、t.So how is it that the food we eat can have such a significant impact on our mood?Bidirectional connections between the gut and the brain are complex and are regulated in the body in three different ways: through nerves,hormones and the immune system. The gut mediates the bodys immune response; at

6、least 70 per cent of our immune system is situated in the gut and is used to expel and kill foreign invaders.Our gut contains some 100 million neurons (nerve cells) , more than in either the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system. All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more t

7、han merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings. Our gut partly determines our mental state and plays key roles in certain diseases throughout the body. Many people will not be aware that 90% of serotonin（血清素）, the brains “happy hormone” is produced in the gutit is for these reasons

8、 that the gut is often referred to as the second brain.In addition, research has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal（肠胃的）inflammationa common symptom of food intolerance. By tackling unidentified food intolerances, not only will physical symptoms benefit, but mental

9、health symptoms can often show significant improvement.There are a number of ways to identify potentially mood suppressing food intolerances. One that I recommend is scientifically validated and well researched is York Test. Its food and drink intolerance test called Food & Drink Scan can uncover po

10、tential food and drink triggers, allowing people to simply modify their diets with life changing health benefits.1.The over 40% increase of anti-depressant prescriptions in the last 5 years in the UK was attributed to（ ） .2.Which is NOT one of the reasons why the gut is often referred to as the “sec

11、ond brain”?3.What frequently has a causal connection with depression?4.What is the purpose in ones taking York Test?问题1选项A.food intoleranceB.foreign invadersC.food allergyD.food triggers问题2选项A.Our gut contains more nerve cells than in the spinal cord.B.The neurons in the gut contribute solely to eff

12、ective digestion.C.90% of the brains “happy hormone” is produced in the gut.D.Certain diseases result from our digestive system.问题3选项A.A psychiatric disorder.B.Bidirectional treatment.C.Gastrointestinal inflammation.D.Unidentified physical problems.问题4选项A.To validate the scientific research.B.To det

13、ect the source of food intolerance.C.To invent a modification of life style.D.To prescribe anti-depressant drugs【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据第三段的内容可知, 食物耐受不良是一个比食物过敏更常见的问题, 最有害的症状之一是情绪低落。在英国, 每年有四分之一的人情绪或心理健康都会出现问题, 在过去的五年中, 抗抑郁药物的处方数量增加了40%以上。所以选项A正确。2.根据第八段的内容可知, 选项A, C, D均符合原文;根据第二句“All of

14、 these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings.”所有这些排列在我们消化系统中的神经元不仅仅是处理消化, 偶尔也会引起紧张情绪。选项B描述太绝对, 所以不正确。3.根据第九段第一句“research has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal inflammation”研究表明抑郁症经常与肠胃炎联系在

15、一起。所以选项C正确。4.根据最后一段最后一句“Its food and drink intolerance test called Food & Drink Scan can uncover potential food and drink triggers.”这项名为“饮食扫描”的饮食耐受不良测试, 可以发现饮食耐受不良潜在的诱因。选项B符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:2. 单选题When the rent was due, the poor man（ ） for more time.问题1选项A.pleadedB.squashedC.exertedD.cursed【答案】A【解析】句意

16、:当房租到期时, 这个可怜的人恳求多给些时间。plead for意为请求, 符合句意, 选项A正确。3. 单选题Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of ed

17、ucation, modern states “invest” in institutions of learning to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdom

18、what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures” and more on a good memory, on applied psychol

19、ogy, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college” imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by al

20、l; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditio

21、nal instruction is binding to all. There are no “illiterates”一if the term can be applied to people without a scriptwhile our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations. This show

22、s how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few” during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which

23、, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands know of no “juvenile delinquency”. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of chi

24、ldren and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy” an education for his child.1.The word “interest” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.2.According to the passage, the author seems to be （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）. 4.According to the passage, which of the

25、following statements is true?5.The best title for this passage is（ ）. 问题1选项A.pleasureB.returnsC.shareD.knowledge问题2选项A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.quite happy to see an equal start for everyoneD.positive about ou

26、r present educational instruction问题3选项A.the aim of “equal start” has already been reached among savagesB.savages in ancient times are more civilized than modern peopleC.the modern education system is more democratic than beforeD.there are no illiterates in civilized nations in todays society问题4选项A.E

27、ducation cant work without the benefits of textbooks.B.We have not yet decided on our educational models.C.Compulsory schooling is not existent in all nations.D.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.问题5选项A.Education and Modern CivilizationB.The Significance of Modern EducationC.Educational

28、 Investment and the Profit It BringsD.Education: A Comparison between Past and Present【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段第一句“It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progre

29、ssive forms of modern education try to regain.”这是“平等起步”的理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。4.根据第三段“.our own compulsory school attendance became law in G

30、ermany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。4. 单选题He was a young man of barely eight

31、een years, evidently country（ ）, and now, as it seemed, on his first visit to town.问题1选项A.brought upB.bredC.grown upD.raised【答案】B【解析】bring up提出，教育，养育；breed养育，培育；grow up成长，长大；raise提高，养育，上升。country bred为常用短语，意为：乡村长大的。所以选项B正确。5. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 wo

32、rds on Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance? The essay should be based on the outline below.1.The present situation;2.Its advantages;3.Its disadvantages;4.Your suggestions.【答案】Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance?Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology and information industry

33、, cell phones play an important role in peoples, especially townspeoples life. But, like everything else, they are a mixed blessing.First, its useful. As a wireless telephone, it can be carried anywhere one wants to go and can be used to call the callee however faraway he or she is. Therefore, it gr

34、eatly facilitates peoples life. Second, its convenient. Whenever one gets into trouble or meets something urgent, one can ask for help by making a phone call immediately. Most important of all, its a very helpful companion. With a multifunctional cell phone in hand, one can easily log on, browsing u

35、seful information, conducting E-commerce and doing whatever one can do via the Internet.However, just as everything has two sides, the cell phone also has many disadvantages. First, it may affect others attention. For example, some people use their cell phones while listening to a lecture or attendi

36、ng a meeting, which undoubtedly distracts the attention of others, thus seriously affecting the atmosphere of the lecture or the meeting. Second, it does more harm to primary school students and even junior middle school students. Many of them do not know how difficult it is for their parents to ear

37、n money, they waste a lot of money chatting with their friends or getting on the Net by means of their cell phones. Worst of all, quite a number of adult testees cheat on their tests by using their cell phones.In my view, it is unreasonable and impossible to ban the use of cell phones among young st

38、udents. What really counts is to use cell phones on the right occasions. So I strongly suggest forbidding turning on the cell phone in class, on tests or at meetings. Another suggestion is to forbid primary school students and junior middle students to use cell phones in their schools on weekdays. O

39、f course they can use theirs at home or elsewhere on weekends.6. 单选题However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher.

40、 They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the rea

41、ding readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the years as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress

42、, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productiv

43、e channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows

44、the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness an

45、d poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school

46、and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in the passage is that （ ）.2.The author directly discusses the fact that（ ）.3.It can reasonably be inferred that the author（ ）.4.The author implies that（ ）.5.The authors primary purpose

47、 in writing this passage is to（ ） .问题1选项A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parentsB.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the schoolC.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular

48、 objectivesD.there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home问题2选项A.parents drill their children too much in arithmeticB.principals have explained the new art programs to parentsC.a father can have his son help him construct articles at homeD.a parents misguided effort

49、s can be redirected to proper channels问题3选项A.believes that schools are lacking in guidance personnelB.believes present relationships between home and school are satisfyingC.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental programD.feels that parent teacher

50、interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present .问题4选项A.participation in interesting activities relating to a school subject improves ones achievement in that areaB.school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parentsC.only a small part of t

51、he school day should be set apart for drilling in arithmeticD.too many children are lazy and have poor work habits问题5选项A.tell parents to pay more attention to the guidance of teachers in the matter of educational activities in the homeB.help ensure that every childs capacities can fully develop when

52、 he leaves schoolC.urge teachers and school administrators to make use of a much underused resource of the parentsD.improve the teaching approach in mathematics in and outside the classroom【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键教师。所以选项B更能概括全

53、文。2.根据第三段第一句“the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents.”课堂老师在得到上级允许的情况下，也可以起到启发家长的重要作用。第三段列举了具体的例子，所以选项D符合原文。3.根据倒数第二段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项D符合原文。4.根据第四

54、五段的内容可知，作者暗示 参加与学校课程有关的有趣活动可以提高一个人在该领域的成就。选项A符合原文。5.根据原文内容可知，本文强调父母的巨大影响不能被老师忽视或轻视，学校要和家庭联合起来，合力促进青少年能力的全面发展。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是为了敦促教师和学校管理者利用家长这个未得到充分利用的资源。选项C正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:7. 单选题Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the impor

55、tance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human beings. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little h

56、as been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.An alien exploring the Earth would probably give priority to the planets dominant, most distinctive feature一the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land t

57、hat sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earths surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earths surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three- dimensional l

58、iving space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the worlds rain forests does not seem surprising, considering

59、 the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics w

60、ith 750 000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fu

61、lly the diversity of abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100 000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas or organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and

62、 much more.1.What is the main point of the passage?2.Why does the author compare coral reefs with rain forests (Para. 1)?3.The passage suggests that most rain forest species are （ ）.4.The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forest because（ ） .5.Which of the

63、 following conclusions is supported by the passage?问题1选项A.Humans are destroying thousands of species.B.There are thousands of insect species.C.The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.D.Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.问题2选项A.They share many similar species.B.They are approximately the same size.C.Most of their inhabitants require water.D.Both have many different forms of life.问题3选项A.insectsB.bacteriaC.mammalsD.birds问题4选项A.there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsB.more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaC.man