2022年考博英语-华东政法大学考试题库及模拟押密卷46（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-华东政法大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题This law _ the number of accidents caused by children running across the road when they get off the bus.问题1选项A.intends reducingB.intends to be reducedC.is intended to reduceD.is intended reducing【答案】C【解析】考查语法。本句主语为This law，宾语为：the number of accidents，caused by

2、children running across the road when they get off the bus为非谓语动词引导的定语修饰先行词accidents，定语中包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句，句意：这项法律_儿童下车时跑过马路造成的事故数量。由基本句型结构可知空格处需要填入谓语，intend“打算；想要；意指”，结合主语，法律不会主动做某事，可至空格需要填入被动语态，排除A，B；最后根据固定搭配intend to do sth.“想要做；想要做某事”，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题V. Civil and Commercial LawEarly in the 20th cen

3、tury, New Zealand adopted a national no-fault workers compensation scheme, replacing tort law for industrial accidents while leaving the rest of it intact. It also mandated tort liability insurance against auto accidents. During the 1960s, New Zealand established a royal commission to explore possib

4、le reforms to its workers compensation system. As sometimes occurs with such bodies, it decided not to be limited by its remit but proceeded instead to review the tort system more generally.In 1967, the commission published the Woodhouse Report (named after the justice who led the effort). It severe

5、ly criticized the fault-based tort systems “false morality,” unpredictable damage awards, and high transaction costs (amounting to over 40% of the total system costs, much lower than the comparable costs in U.S. asbestos litigation first launched at around the same time). In place of tort, the Repor

6、t proposed a comprehensive no-fault compensation scheme for personal injuries generally (not just workplace accidents), one that it hoped would be designed to provide wage loss benefits roughly matching pre-injury earnings and additional benefits for permanent bodily impairment, while also promoting

7、 accident prevention, victim rehabilitation, and administrative efficiency.In 1972, the National Party government, whose Justice and Labour ministries had been actively promoting the commission and the Woodhouse Report, pushed through the Accident Compensation Act. It enjoyed bipartisan support and

8、passed quite easily - a fact that will astonish any American lawyer observing the endless struggles over even the mildest tort reforms in the U.S. Amended in 1973 by the new Labour government to include accidents to non-wage earners, the Act went into effect in April 1974.Even more surprising, the p

9、ublic did not demand the new system. Instead, according to Geoffrey Palmer, it was the handiwork of a small group of dedicated reformers led by influential and prestigious judges. Success was assured when the major groups opposing the reform the insurance industry, the bar, and labor unions turned o

10、ut to be politically weak and fragmented. The new system was not the comprehensive abolition of tort that the Woodhouse Report had proposed. Rather, it limited no-fault coverage to motor vehicle-related injuries and to wage-earners injuries (whether work related or not). But the government subsequen

11、tly expanded the system to cover virtually all accidental injuries and to confer very broad benefits for victims. New Zealanders today generally regard their system (some disputed details aside) as a mainstay of their social policy.67. According to the 1st paragraph, which of the following statement

12、 about the commission is NOT true?68. The Woodhouse Report contained the following BUT _.69. Which statement about the Accident Compensation Act is true?70. The New Zealanders attitude towards the new tort system was _.问题1选项A.It was established in 1960.B.It was authorized to explore possible reforms

13、 to the workers compensation system.C.It decided to review the tort system more generally.D.It was a royal commission.问题2选项A.criticizing the fault-based tort systems “false morality”B.proposition about a comprehensive no-fault compensation schemeC.accident preventionD.much lower costs than the compa

14、rable costs in U.S.问题3选项A.It became effective in April 1973.B.The National Party government was against the Act.C.The Justice and Labour ministries actively promoted the Act.D.The Act was amended in 1973 before it became effective.问题4选项A.supportive from the very beginningB.represented by a small gro

15、up of dedicated reformersC.first unconcerned, then became proud of itD.represented by the insurance industry, the bar, and labor unions【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】67. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“the commission”定位到原文第一段During the 1960s, New Zealand established a royal commission to explore possible re

16、forms to its workers compensation system.（20世纪60年代，新西兰成立了一个皇家委员会，探讨对其工人薪酬制度可能进行的改革）可知这个皇家委员会是在20世纪60年代（指19601969）成立，无法判断是否成立于1960年，A选项“它成立于1960年”陈述和原文不符，B选项“它被授权探索对工人补偿制度进行可能的改革”以及D选项“这是一个皇家委员会”符合原文；第一段As sometimes occurs with such bodies, it decided not to be limited by its remit but proceeded inst

17、ead to review the tort system more generally.（正如这些机构有时会发生的那样，它决定不受其职权范围的限制，而是更广泛地审查侵权制度）可知C选项“它决定更广泛地审查侵权制度”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。68. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“The Woodhouse Report”定位到原文第二段amounting to over 40% of the total system costs, much lower than the comparable costs in U.S. asbestos litigation fir

18、st launched at around the same time（相当于总制度成本的40%以上，远低于美国石棉诉讼中的可比成本）可知D选项“比美国的可比成本低得多”所提到的范围比原文所提及的“远低于美国石棉诉讼中的可比成本”大得多，D选项对比原文有误；第二段It severely criticized the fault-based tort systems “false morality,”（它严厉批评了基于过错的侵权制度的“虚假道德”）可知A选项“批评基于过错的侵权制度的虚假道德”符合原文；第二段In place of tort, the Report proposed a comp

19、rehensive no-fault compensation scheme for personal injuries generallywhile also promoting accident prevention（报告提出了一个全面的人身伤害无过错赔偿计划同时也促进了事故预防）可知B选项“关于全面无故障补偿方案的提议”和C选项“事故预防”符合原文。因此D选项符合题意。69. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第三段In 1972, the National Party government, whose Justice and Labour ministries

20、had been actively promoting the commission and the Woodhouse Report, pushed through the Accident Compensation Act.（1972年，国家党政府，其司法部和劳动部一直在积极推动委员会和伍德豪斯报告，推动通过了事故赔偿法）可知C选项“司法部和劳工部积极推动该法”符合原文，同时可知B选项“国家党政府反对该法案”和原文相悖；第三段Amended in 1973 by the new Labour government to include accidents to non-wage earne

21、rs, the Act went into effect in April 1974（新工党政府于1973年修订了这项法案，将事故纳入非工薪阶层，该法案于1974年4月生效）可知法案生效于1974年4月，A选项“1973年4月生效”和D选项“该法案在1973年生效前进行了修正”错误。因此C选项符合题意。70. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“The New Zealanders”定位到原文第四段Even more surprising, the public did not demand the new system.（更令人惊讶的是，公众并没有要求新系统）可知新西兰人最

22、开始并没有支持新的侵权制度，而是不关心，A选项“从一开始就支持”不符合原文，结合第四段最后一句New Zealanders today generally regard their system (some disputed details aside) as a mainstay of their social policy.（今天的新西兰人普遍认为他们的制度（撇开一些有争议的细节不谈）是他们社会政策的支柱）可知起初不关心的新西兰人们现在觉得自豪，选C选项“起初不关心，后来变得自豪”；第四段Instead, according to Geoffrey Palmer, it was the h

23、andiwork of a small group of dedicated reformers led by influential and prestigious judges.（相反，据杰弗里帕尔默说，这是一个由有影响力和声望的法官领导的致力于改革的小团体的杰作）可知B选项“由一小群献身的改革者代表”并不是新西兰民众的态度，原文只是说明这个制度是由有影响力和声望的法官领导的致力于改革的小团体的杰作；第四段 Success was assured when the major groups opposing the reform the insurance industry, the ba

24、r, and labor unions turned out to be politically weak and fragmented.（当反对改革的主要团体保险业、律师协会和工会在政治上变得软弱和支离破碎时，改革取得了成功）可知保险业、律师协会和工会是反对改革的主要群体，并不是新西兰人对新的侵权制度的态度，也不能算新西兰人对这一制度的代表态度，D选项“以保险行业、律师和工会为代表”错误。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题I really wanted to say something at the meeting, but eventually _ from it.问题1选项A.prevente

25、dB.restrainedC.refrainedD.restricted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevented“预防，防止；阻止”；B选项restrained“抑制，控制；约束；制止（多用于refrain from doing sth.指克制自己以避免做某事）”；C选项refrained“节制，克制（以防变得过于激烈、强硬或直白）；避免；制止（通过拘留、上手铐等方式阻止囚犯等的暴力行为）（多用于restrain sb. from doing sth.）”；D选项restricted“限制，约束（使之不超过需要的范围，如大小、规模等）；限定（活动或行为）”。句意：我真想在会上说

26、点什么，但最后还是_了。根据固定搭配restrain sb. from doing sth.可知本句表达“最后忍住了”，因此C选项正确。4. 单选题The money spent on medical insurance last year was four times _ ten years ago.问题1选项A.much moreB.as much asC.that as much of thatD.as much as that of【答案】B【解析】考查平行结构。平行结构指and, but, as well as, or, or else, both.and, neithernor,

27、eitheror, not onlybut (also), as much as等并列连词连接两个对等的词或者对等的结构：1. 所连接的谓语形式必须一致，2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致，3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致；整个题干有省略的部分，把句子展开The money spent on social insurance last year was four times _ that spent on social insurance ten years ago.句意：去年花在社会保险上的钱是十年前花在社会保险上的四倍，即可以看出句子中的平行结构the money与省略的that平行，sp

28、ent on social insurance last year与省略的spent on social insurance ten years ago平行。A选项：much more后边接多音节形容词或者副词，也能接可数名词复数或者不可数名词，more是much或者many的比较级，代入后不符合题干；C，D选项代入后可以看到that重复，破坏平行结构；B选项代入后符合平行结构。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题The _ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.问题1选项A.confinementB.

29、conventionC.disciplineD.principle【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confinement“限制；监禁；分娩”；B选项convention“大会；法惯例；计约定；法协定；习俗”；C选项discipline“学科；纪律；训练；惩罚”；D选项principle“原理；原则；主义；道义；本质；本义；根源；源泉”。句意：这所军事学校的_太严格了，学生们几乎无法忍受。本句表达“军事学校的纪律”，因此选项C正确。6. 单选题We are _ faced with the necessity to recognize that having more people imp

30、lies a lower standard of living.问题1选项A.readilyB.smoothlyC.inevitablyD.deliberately【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项readily“容易地；乐意地；无困难地”；B选项smoothly“平稳地；平滑地；顺利地；流畅地；平静地；均匀地”；C选项inevitably“不可避免地；必然地”；D选项deliberately“故意地；缓慢而谨慎地”。句意：我们_要认识到有更多的人就意味着更低的生活水平。本句表达“不可避免地认识到”，因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Western Nebraska generally rece

31、ives less snow than _ Eastern Nebraska.问题1选项A.inB.doesC.it receives inD.it does in【答案】B【解析】考查习惯表达。空格处缺失的内容实际上指receives less snow这件事，在英语中为了避免重复表达，会用助动词do/does/did表示前后一样的动作，根据主干谓语receives 为第三人称单数可知应该使用does。因此B选项正确。8. 翻译题1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese (5 marks) As we knelt on the col

32、d ground and worked the soil, gently introducing the plants and bulbs to their new home, we alternately chattered and giggled and remembered quietly. We planted the flowers in a heart shape, sketched out in the snow by Matsumarasan (松村女士). I tried to imagine what it must feel like to be her. To be k

33、neeling on the ground that you once called home, now empty and exposed. What it must feel like to look at your home town and see most of it destroyed. Only memories remain. 【答案】我们跪在冰冷的土地上，翻动着土壤，边将植物和球茎慢慢地放到它们的新家里，边聊着，笑着，静静地回忆着。我们按着松村女士在雪里大概画出的形状，把花种成了心的形状。我尝试着去想象她会有什么感觉。想象着跪在那片曾经称之为家园，而现在却已荒芜暴露的土地上；

34、想象看着自己的家园大部分已经被被毁，是一种什么感觉。仅剩下回忆。9. 单选题I was not _ by his many arguments so finally we agreed to differ.问题1选项A.convictedB.assuredC.convincedD.concerned【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convicted“证明有罪；宣告有罪”；B选项assured“保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚”；C选项convinced“说服；使确信，使信服”；D选项concerned“影响；牵扯（某人）；关系到；涉及；使担心”。句意：他的许多论点不能使我_，所以最后我们同意各

35、持己见。本句表达“它的论点不能使我信服”，因此C选项正确。10. 单选题They had the attempt to _ Anderson to the presidency.问题1选项A.evolveB.elevateC.evokeD.evince【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evolve“发展；进化；使逐步形成；推断出”；B选项elevate“提升；举起；振奋情绪等；提升的职位”；C选项evoke“引起，唤起；博得”；D选项evince“表明，表示”。句意：他们试图_安德森当上总统。本句表示“试图提升安德森当总统”。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题XI. Intellectual

36、Property LawSection 106 of the Copyright Act grants “the owner of copyright under this title” certain “exclusive rights,” including the right “to distribute copies.of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership.” These rights are qualified, however, by the application o

37、f various limitations set forth in the next several sections of the Act, 107 through 122. Those sections, typically entitled “Limitations on exclusive rights,” include, for example, the principle of “fair use” (107), permission for limited library archival reproduction, (108), and the doctrine at is

38、sue here, the “first sale” doctrine (109).Section 109(a) sets forth the “first sale” doctrine as follows: “Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106(3) the section that grants the owner exclusive distribution rights, the owner of a particular copy or phonorecord lawfully made under this titleis

39、entitled, without the authority of the copyright owner, to sell or otherwise dispose of the possession of that copy or phonorecord”, Thus, even though 106(3) forbids distribution of a copy of, say, the copyrighted novel Herzog without the copyright owners permission, 109(a) adds that, once a copy of

40、 Herzog has been lawfully sold (or its ownership otherwise lawfully transferred), the buyer of that copy and subsequent owners are free to dispose of it as they wish. In copyright jargon, the “first sale” has “exhausted” the copyright owners 106(3) exclusive distribution right.What, however, if the

41、copy of Herzog was printed abroad and then initially sold with the copyright owners permission? Does the “first sale” doctrine still apply? Is the buyer free to bring the copy into the United States and dispose of it as he or she wishes? To put the matter technically, an “importation” provision, 602

42、(a)(1), says that “importation into the United States, without the authority of the owner of copyright under this title, of copies.of a work that have been acquired outside the United States is an infringement of the exclusive right to distribute copiesunder section 106” Thus 602(a)(1) makes clear t

43、hat importing a copy without permission violates the owners exclusive distribution right. But in doing so, 602(a)(1) refers explicitly to the 106(3) exclusive distribution right. As we have just said, 106 is by its terms “subject to” the various doctrines and principles contained in 107 through 122,

44、 including 109(a)s “first sale” limitation. Do those same modifications apply in particular, does the “first sale” modification apply when considering whether 602(a)(1) prohibits importing a copy?1.Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “qualified” in the first paragraph?2. From the

45、 second paragraph, one can know that the “first sale” doctrine _.3.What question is the author asking in the last paragraph?4.From the above paragraphs, we know that the statement of _ is not true.问题1选项A.restrictedB.limitedC.eligibleD.certified问题2选项A.permits owner of a particular copy to dispose of

46、it as they wishB.is a copyright jargon that ordinary people do not useC.sets limitation to a copyright owners exclusive distribution rightD.forbids distribution of a copy of the copyrighted novel Herzog without the copyright owners permission问题3选项A.Was the Herzog printed abroad and then sold with th

47、e copyright owners permission?B.Is the buyer free to bring a copy into the United States and dispose of it as he/she wishes?C.Does 602(a)(1) prohibits importing a copy?D.Does the “first sale” doctrine apply when a copy is initially sold abroad with the permission of the copyright owner?问题4选项A.A copy

48、right owners distribution right is unlimited.B.107 through 122 contain various doctrines and principles limiting the rights conferred by 106.C.602(a)(1) grants a copyright owner importation right.D.Copyrights conferred by 106 are not unlimited.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.词义辨析题。根据题干定位到原文第一段These ri

49、ghts are qualified, however, by the application of various limitations set forth in the next several sections of the Act, 107 through 122.（然而，这些权利是有限制的，这些限制将在法案接下来的107至122节中提出），根据句子中limitations“限制；局限性”可推测qualified表示“限制”，被动语态；A选项“限制；约束；限定（强调约束，这种约束大多来自法律等约束性文件）”；B选项“限制；限定（强调时间，范围，数量的限制）”；C选项“合格的，合适的；

50、符合条件的；有资格当选的”；D选项“证明；保证”。因此A选项正确2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Thus, even though 106(3) forbids distribution of a copy of, say, the copyrighted novel Herzog without the copyright owners permission, 109(a) adds that, once a copy of Herzog has been lawfully sold (or its ownership otherwise lawfully transferred), t

51、he buyer of that copy and subsequent owners are free to dispose of it as they wish. In copyright jargon, the “first sale” has “exhausted” the copyright owners 106(3) exclusive distribution right.（因此，即使106（3）禁止分发一份，说，这部小说版权赫尔佐格未经著作权人许可，109（a）补充道，一旦赫尔佐格的一个副本被依法出售（或其所有权否则依法转移），买方的复制和随后的所有者可以按照他们的想法自由处置

52、它。用版权术语来说，“首次销售”已经“耗尽”了版权所有者的106（3）独家经销权）可知选C选项“对版权所有人的独家发行权设置限制”，D选项“禁止未经版权所有者的许可发行受版权保护的小说赫尔佐格的副本”属于106（3）的内容而不是“首次销售”原则，错误，同时可知A选项“允许某一特定副本的所有者按照他们的意愿处理它”错误；B选项“是一个普通人不会使用的版权术语”在第二段未提及。因此C选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段What, however, if the copy of Herzog was printed abroad and then initially sold with

53、the copyright owners permission? Does the “first sale” doctrine still apply? Is the buyer free to bring the copy into the United States and dispose of it as he or she wishes?（然而，如果赫尔佐格的复制品在国外印刷，然后在版权所有者的允许下最初出售，那会怎么样呢?“首次销售”原则还适用吗？买家是否可以自由地将复印件带入美国并按照他或她的意愿进行处理？）可知D选项“在版权所有人许可下，最初在国外出售副本时，首次出售原则是否适用

54、？”符合原文，同时可知A选项“赫尔佐格是先在国外印刷，然后在版权所有者的许可下出售的吗?”错误，B选项“买方是否可以携带一份复印件进入美国并按照他/她的意愿处理”这个问题是建立在D选项的前提上，需要有前提，而不是直接这么作为问题；最后一段最后一句Do those same modifications apply in particular, does the “first sale” modification apply when considering whether 602(a)(1) prohibits importing a copy? （当考虑602（a）（1）是否禁止进口副本时，这

55、些相同的修改适用吗？特别是“首次销售”修改适用吗？）可知C选项“602（a）（1）”和原文不符。因此D选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第一段第一句Section 106 of the Copyright Act grants “the owner of copyright under this title” certain “exclusive rights,” including the right “to distribute copies.of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership

56、.”（版权法第106节授予“版权所有人”某些“专有权”，包括“分发副本将受版权保护的作品出售或以其他方式转让给公众”）可知A选项“著作权人的发行权是无限的”符合原文；根据第一段第二句These rights are qualified, however, by the application of various limitations set forth in the next several sections of the Act, 107 through 122.（然而，这些权利是有限制的，这些限制将在法案接下来的107至122节中提出）可知B选项“107至122包含限制106所赋予的权

57、利的各种学说和原则”符合原文；根据第二段最后一句In copyright jargon, the “first sale” has “exhausted” the copyright owners 106(3) exclusive distribution right.（用版权术语来说，“首次销售”已经“耗尽”了版权所有者的106（3）独家经销权）可知D选项“106授予的版权不是无限的”符合原文；C选项“602（a）（1）授予版权所有人进口权”原文未提及。因此C选项符合题意。12. 单选题The _ of his profession do not permit him to do that.

58、问题1选项A.ethicsB.ethnicsC.moralityD.morale【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ethics“伦理学；伦理观；道德标准（道德信仰和对与错的规则，常用于伦理方面）”；B选项ethnics“人类人种学”；C选项morality“道德（认为某些行为是正确和可接受的，而其他行为是错误的信念）；品行；美德”；D选项morale“士气；斗志”。句意：他的职业道德标准不允许他那样做。本句表达“职业道德标准”，属于伦理方面的对错规则，因此A选项正确。13. 单选题IV. Criminal LawThreats to national security and public

59、 safety, whether real or perceived, result in an atmosphere conducive to the abuse of civil liberties. History is littered with examples: The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, the suspension of habeas corpus during the Civil War, the Palmer Raids during World War I, and McCarthyism in the aftermath o

60、f World War II.Unfortunately, the post-9/11 world represents no departure from this age-old trend. Evidence of post-9/11 tension between national security and civil liberties is seen in the heightened regulation of photography; scholars have labeled it the “War on Photography” a conflict between law

61、 enforcement officials and photographers over the right to take pictures in public places. In many cases, police officers and private security guards have invoked blanket notions of “national security” to prohibit the press and private photographers from taking pictures of structures that are in pla

62、in view of the general public. In other cases, law enforcement officials have used broadly worded criminal statutes such as “obstruction of justice” or “interfering with a police officer” to prohibit the press and private photographers from taking part in what is constitutionally protected behavior.

63、 A simple Google search reveals countless incidents of overzealous law enforcement officials detaining or arresting photographers and, in many cases, confiscating their cameras and memory cards, despite the fact that these individuals were in lawful places, at lawful times, partaking in lawful activities.For at least two reasons, the argument that the heightened regulation of the right to take pictures in public places enhances national security or public safety is deeply flawed.First, the prevailing evidence indicates that the perpetrators of past terrorist att