2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷88（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer those that have computation and data processing as their major functions has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are s

2、ystems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing, Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital formats. Television images, for example, can be

3、processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals, while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images can be zoomed up or down, reshaped, or rearranged by the appropriate software. Also, due to advances in video-signal compression te

4、chnology, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced.Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business needs. Video scenes that are captured by camcorders can be combined with text, sound, and data and can be viewed on television sets in

5、 homes, schools, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and commercial tools. For example, there are available encyclopedias that contain video programs depicting animal behavior, geoinorphic processing, and other natural phenomena. Automobile mechanics can watch

6、videos that demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video. New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they can be used. CD-ROMs of numerous other subjects have been recently published; all of them can b

7、e viewed on TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks, enhancing the effectiveness of communication.This multitude of new products and capabilities has been made possible by the tremendous progress of microprocessor

8、 technology. Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to proliferate. Many of the tasks that were traditionally performed by mainframes have been transferred to personal computers connected to

9、 communications networks. Although the mainframe, continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers and peripheral devices connected to computer networks. In this new role, the function of mainframes as powerful processors of databas

10、e systems is becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced.

11、 Throughout the world, more than 100, 000, 000 personal computers and 500, 000 workstations are in use, whereas only several hundred supercomputers are in operation; the numbers of mainframes and minicomputers fall somewhere between those of supercomputers and workstations. Because of such high-volu

12、me production, microprocessors for personal computers or workstations tend to be inexpensive and are available for use in massively parallel computers as well.1.Multimedia computers（ ）.2.The underlined word “annotated” in the second paragraph most probably means（ ）.3.According to this passage,（ ）.4.

13、Which of the following is a proper title for this passage?问题1选项A.can process anything but digital dataB.can even process television imagesC.are rarely used in educationD.have few business applications问题2选项A.explainedB.forwardedC.preparedD.presented问题3选项A.the market for multimedia computers has becom

14、e saturatedB.most mainframes have been transformed into personal computersC.most personal computers have become much more powerful than mainframesD.the low costs of microprocessors have been achieved thanks to the high-volume production问题4选项A.Multimedia ComputersB.Microprocessor TechnologyC.Computer

15、 NetworksD.Changing Role of Computers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“多媒体计算机”。文章第一段提到“例如，电视画面一旦被转化成数字信号，那么它就能被电脑程序处理，但是传统模拟信号不可以” （Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals, while those in conventional analog signa

16、ls cannot），因此选项B符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段划线词annotated的意思是”。文章第二段提到“新的消费产品可以通过展示它们如何使用这种方法来更有效地营销”(New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they can be used)，由此可推测annotated有“解释”的意思，选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过这篇文章”。文章最后一段提到“由于这种大批量生产，用于个人计算机或工作站的微处理器往往比较便宜，也可以用于大规模并行计算机中”（Be

17、cause of such high-volume production, microprocessors for personal computers or workstations tend to be inexpensive and are available for use in massively parallel computers as well），因此选项D“微处理器的低成本得益于大批量生产”符合题意。4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合本文的题目是”。文章由第一段提出“多媒体电脑”（multimedia computers）这个话题，随后对其应用和开发进行了叙述，因此选项A“多

18、媒体电脑”符合题意。2. 单选题The artist of the Renaissance was an all-round man. From his studio one could order a painting for the church altar, a carved wedding chest, a silver ewer, or a crucifix. The master of the workshop might be sculpturing a Venus for the dukes garden while his apprentices were roughing

19、statues for the new chapel. Many of the well-known painters of that golden period were goldsmiths, workers in glass, enamel or iron. The engineer was artist and the artist was engineer. The great Leonardo, famous today as the painter of The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, was perhaps equally well known i

20、n the 16th century for his engineering projects and his scientific experiments. Our own Thomas A. Edison pronounced him the greatest inventive genius of his time.1.An important century in the Renaissance was（ ）.2.When we want to say that a man could do many things, we say he is（ ）.3.The word for hel

21、per in this passage is（ ）.4.The painter of the Last Supper was（ ）.5.A word for inventive is（ ）.问题1选项A.the twelfthB.the eighteenthC.the fourteenthD.the sixteenth问题2选项A.an artist-engineerB.a painterC.equally well-knownD.an all-round man问题3选项A.masterB.workerC.apprenticeD.goldsmith问题4选项A.Mona LisaB.a du

22、keC.LeonardoD.Thomas Edison问题5选项A.creativeB.scientificC.engineerD.genius【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。文章中提到达芬奇生活在16世纪，本段说的就是文艺复兴时期的艺术家。因此可推断16世纪就是文艺复兴时期的一个重要世纪。D选项正确。2.语义推断题。文章第一句就称文艺复兴时期的艺术家为“all-round man 全才”从第二句开始就描写了一个艺术家的多重身份，由此可知，具备多方面的才能的人就是“全才”，D选项正确。3.语义推断题。A选项master“主人；大师”；B选项wo

23、rker“工人；劳动者”；C选项apprentice“学徒；生手”；D选项goldsmith“金匠”。这四个身份中，唯一与helper“助手”相关的词应是C选项学徒，第三句说到 “The master of the workshop might be sculpturing a Venus for the dukes garden while his apprentices were roughing statues for the new chapel.作坊的大师可能正在为公爵的花园雕刻维纳斯雕像，而他的学徒们则在为新教堂雕刻雕像的毛坯。”说明学徒们只是助手角色，因此C选项正确。4.事实细节

24、题。在倒数第二句中提到“the great Leonardo, famous today as the painter of The Last Supper and Mona Lisa”可知Leonardo是The Last Supper 的画家。C选项正确。5.语义推断题。Incentive在文中是爱迪生用来形容Leonardo（达芬奇）的，后面的名词是genius“天才”。A选项creative“创造性的”；B选项scientific“科学的”；C选项engineer“工程师”；D选项genius“天才”。C和D词性不符合，B选项一般不用来形容天才，因此A选项正确的。incentive本义

25、表示“发明的”。3. 单选题Many young people believe that war is stupid and unnecessary. To them, to lose ones life on the battlefield is（ ）.问题1选项A.gloriousB.futileC.heroicD.courageous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多年轻人认为战争是愚蠢且没有必要的。对于他们来说，在战场上丢掉性命是徒劳的。glorious “光荣的”；futile “无用的”；heroic “英雄的”；courageous “有勇气的”。根据句意，选项B符

26、合题意。4. 单选题He said it was important to put in the hours, but it was not just the hours that（ ）.问题1选项A.affectedB.countedC.focusedD.faltered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。affect “影响，感染，感动”；count “计算，认为，起作用，值得考虑”；focus “使集中，使聚焦”；falter “支吾地说，畏缩，蹒跚”。根据句意他说，投入时间是重要的，但是（ ）不只是时间。确定B选项count “起作用”正确。5. 单选题High grades are sup

27、posed to（ ）academic ability, but Johns actual performance did not confirm this.问题1选项A.certifyB.clarifyC.classifyD.notify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项certify“证明；保证”；B选项clarify“澄清；阐明”；C选项classify“分类；分等”；D选项notify“通知；公布”。句意：高分应该能学术能力，但约翰的实际表现并没有证实这一点。后半句的“证实”也是在提示high grade与academic ability之间的逻辑关系，综合对比选项可得A选项正确。

28、6. 单选题Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up mo

29、re quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one t

30、hat preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are q

31、uestioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldnt people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wea

32、r drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we ruin our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-

33、ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Havent the old lost touch with ail that is important in life?These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their

34、record over the past forty years or so hasnt been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The oldif they are prepared to admit it-could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could

35、 learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis

36、 on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb; the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it?1.Which of the fo

37、llowing features in the young is NOT mentioned?2.What do the young reject most?3.Why do the young stress on the present?4.What can the old learn from the young generation?问题1选项A.Better educated.B.More money and freedom.C.Independence.D.Hard work.问题2选项A.ValuesB.The assumption of the ciders.C.Conformi

38、tyD.Conventional ideas.问题3选项A.They have grown up under the shadow of the bomb.B.They dislike the past.C.They think the present world is the best.D.They are afraid of destruction.问题4选项A.Enjoyment is not sinful.B.People should have more leisure time.C.Men might enjoy life.D.One should enjoy ones work【

39、答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项不是文章提到的关于年轻人的特征”。文章第一段提到“年轻人受了良好的教育。他们花钱享受自由。他们很快成长并且不依赖父母。”（The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents），由此可以得知只有选项D“努力工作”没有提及到，符合题意。2.推理判断

40、题。题目问的是“年轻人最反感的是什么”。文章第二段提到“他们怀疑上一代人的设想，并且打破了他们的满足状态”（They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency），第二段后面的那几个问句都体现出了年轻一代不再固守成规，不愿意像上一代人一样，选项C“一致性”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么年轻人强调现在”。文章最后一段提到“对现在的重视是意料之中的，因为年轻人是在炸弹的阴影下长大，且经受着被彻底毁灭的威胁”（This emphasis on the present i

41、s only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb; the constant threat of complete annihilation），选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“老一辈能从年轻一辈那里学到什么”。文章最后一段提到如果老一辈愿意学习年轻一辈的话，最重要的一课便是享受并不是罪过（One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”），选项A符合题意。7. 单

42、选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to（ ）the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“管理；主持（常与over搭配）”；B选项introduce“介绍；引进；提出”；C选项chair“担任主席；主持；使入座”；D选项dominate“控制；支配；占优势”。句意：由于经理出差去了，我被邀请每周员工会议。此处应表示“主持会议”，A选项preside应与over搭配才表示“主

43、持”，只有C选项符合题意。8. 单选题All the students of this university have free（ ） to the Internet via a broadband connection.问题1选项A.accessB.entranceC.permissionD.passageway【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学的所有学生通过连接宽带都可以免费上网。access “进入；机会”；entrance “入口”；permission “允许，许可”；passageway “通道，走廊”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。9. 翻译题Translate the

44、following in to ChineseIt would be wrong to identify the real woman with the typical wild one who, after a difficult childhood, has left home early to live by her wits at the expense of men. The wild woman is incapable either of friendship for other women whom she cannot fail to regard as rivals, or

45、 of love for a man, her declared enemy. But at least she keeps her eyes open and ridicules the view that women must enthusiastically accept this glorious modem world of plenty bestowed on them by their hard-working men folk, and that they enjoy being passionately swept off their feet and afterwards

46、treated with amused indulgence. There was never, of course, any truth in the comic-strip legend of a primitive he-man who would grab his woman by the hair, threaten her with a knobbed club if she refused his advances and haul her off punting ecstatically to his cave.Through all of our history we hav

47、e pondered the stars and mused whether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the night sky, there are any other beings who contemplate and wonder as we do, fellow thinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the universe differently. There might be very exotic biol

48、ogies and technologies and societies. In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary human understanding, we are a little lonely, and we ponder the ultimate significance, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blue planet. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for a generally accep

49、table cosmic context for the human species. In the deepest sense, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a search for ourselves. Along with the growing dedication to a serious search, a slightly negative note has emerged which is nevertheless very interesting. A few scientists have lately a

50、sked a curious question: if extraterrestrial intelligence is abundant, why have we not already seen its manifestations?【答案】将一个真正的女人和一个典型的疯狂的女儿相提并论是错误的。在经历苦难的童年后，她早早离开家，在没有男人的情况下，凭借自己的智慧生存。疯狂的女人既不能与她视为对手的其他女人建立友谊，也不能与她宣称为敌人的男人产生爱情。但她至少让自己保持清醒，嘲笑这样两种观点：一种是女性必须热情地接受这个由辛勤工作的男性同胞赋予她们的丰富多彩的现代世界；另一种是她们喜欢热情

51、地被人迷得神魂颠倒，然后被以开心的放纵方式对待。当然，在连环画里一个野蛮的男人在女人拒绝他的追求后，抓住她的头发并用一个圆头棍子威胁她，然后欣喜地把她拉到他的洞穴里去。在历史长河中，我们一直在思考星辰，思考人类是否是独一无二的，或者是否有其他的生命，宇宙中的思考者在夜空下思索同样的问题。这些人可能会以不同的视角看待自己和宇宙。可能会有外来的生物、技术和社会。在普通人类无法理解的浩瀚而又古老的宇宙中，我们有点孤独，我们思索着这微小而又精致的蓝色星球的终极意义。对地外文明的探索是人类普遍接受的对宇宙环境的探索。从最深层次的意义上来说，对地外文明的探索就是对我们自己的探索。随着越来越多的人投入到这个

52、严肃的探索中，一个稍微消极的声音出现了，但是这样的探索依然很有趣。最近少数科学家提出了一个奇怪的问题：如果地外文明丰富多彩，为什么我们现在还没有发现端倪？10. 翻译题金银玉器是一个总称，通指对金、银等金属材质及玉石进行锻炼、雕琢加工而成的佩戴 装饰品或观赏工艺品。我国金银器的制造和使用已有三千多年的历史。在商代青铜文化闻名于世的同时，就已经出现了金器。从传世文物上来看，金银器品种繁多，应用广泛。小到金银首饰，大到佛塔 供器，无不可以发现金银器的踪影。普通人家只是将金银器用作佩饰可收藏，官宦人家则更用作饮食、生活用具，而宫廷中金银器的使用则遍及佛事、饮食起居、冠服车马、陈设装饰 等各个方面。从

53、中可以想见金银器对我们传统文化及日常生活的深刻影响。玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴装饰或陈设观赏的艺术品。早期的玉器多 用作礼器，少数用作佩饰。从良渚、红山文化遗址中出土的古玉来看，新石器时期的玉器用 作祭祀、陪葬的礼器外，还有辟邪的神秘意味，同时还是权力、财富和尊贵的象征，用玉的 阶层也只限于王公贵族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐渐普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩饰也进入了 寻常百姓之家。玉在中国传统文化中具有特殊的意义，中国也赢得了 “玉器之国”的美誉。【答案】Gold, silver and jade wares are the generic term, which usually ref

54、ers to baldric or ornamental arts and crafts polished and carved out of metal materials like gold and silver and jade.The manufacture and use of gold and silver ware has already had a history of more than 3000 years in our country. Gold ware has appeared while bronze culture was well-known in the wo

55、rld in the Shang dynasty. According to cultural relics handed down from ancient times, there are many categories in the gold and silver ware that has been applied in many fields. Gold and silver wares can be seen anywhere, ranging from gold and silver jewellery to Buddhist tower and worshipping uten

56、sils. Gold and silver wares are merely used as baldric that can be collected in average family, and they are further used as diet and life appliances in an official family. But the use of gold and silver wares in the palace involves all respects, such as Buddhist ceremony, diet and daily life, crown

57、 clothing and coach, furnishings and decoration, etc., from which we can imagine that the influence of gold and silver wares has been reflected profoundly in our traditional culture and daily life.Jadeware refers to the work of art manually carved and polished out of jade and used for wearing and or

58、namentation or furnishings and appreciation. Most of the early jades were used as ritual vessel, and the number of baldric is very small. In terms of ancient jades unearthed in the Liangzhu and Hongshan cultural relics, apart from being used as ritual vessels in sacrificial and funerary activities,

59、jadeware in the Neolithic period also had the mysterious meaning of protecting against evil spirits, as well as a symbol of power, wealth, and dignity. Furthermore, the use of jade was limited to royalty and nobility. After the Song Dynasty, the use of jade article was more and more popular, most of

60、 jade wares or jade ornaments could be seen in common family. Jade is endowed with a special meaning in the traditional Chinese culture, and China has also won a good reputation of “country of jade”.11. 单选题His illness first（ ）itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.问题1选项A.expressedB.manifestedC

61、.reflectedD.displayed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表达；快递”；B选项manifest“表明；（病症）显现”；C选项reflect“反映；反射”；D选项display“显示；表现”。句意：他的病最初为严重的胃痛和头痛。与“病症”相关的“表现症状”只有B选项符合。12. 单选题They are trying to keep up as federal research budgets are barely（ ）inflation and industry is pulling back on investments in pure research.

62、问题1选项A.composed ofB.channeled toC.making upD.keeping pace with【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。compose of“由组成”；channel to“传递，输送，引导”; make up “组成，补足，化妆，编造，弥补”；keep pace with “并驾齐驱，保持同步”。由句中“They are trying to keep up他们正试图去维持”确定空格所在句句意是“由于联邦研究预算几乎不能与通货膨胀保持同步”，D选项正确。13. 单选题You have probably heard about elite universitie

63、s offering free online courses through Coursera. In just the past few weeks, Coursera has added 12 universities, including Princeton, Duke and Johns Hopkins.The companys website says its goal is to “give everyone access to the world-class education that has so far been available only to a selected few, and much of the news coverage has focused on how this will democratize learning. Two weeks after Coursera announced its initial round of partnerships, Harvard University and the Massachusetts Insti