2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷66（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题They bought the land with an eye （ ）building a school for children in the village.问题1选项A.toB.ofC.atD.with【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配with an eye to “着眼于，考虑到”。句意：他们考虑为这个村子的小孩修建一所学校而买了这块地。答案A2. 单选题In spite of the （ ）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slig

2、htly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。gloomy暗淡的，悲观的； miserable悲惨的；shadowy朦胧的，有阴影的；obscure模糊的，晦涩的。句意：尽管经济前景暗淡，但是制造业产量却略有上升。由in spite of 及risen可知，前后为让步关系，故该空应与risen意思相反，并且能修饰经济前景的只有A项。答案A3. 单选题Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages（ ）television, radio a

3、nd electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.问题1选项A.viaB.amidC.pastD.across【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。via 经过，通过，凭借； amid在中间；past 越过，超过； across穿过，横穿。句意：电信的发展使消息通过电视、收音机和电子邮件的传递得以实现，爆炸式地向人们传递大量信息。由空格后的内容可知，此空意为通过的方式，答案A 。4. 单选题Though she was not a professional writer, she became an （ ）member of the Wr

4、iters Association.问题1选项A.honourB.honourableC.honouredD.honorary【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。honour “荣誉”；honourable “诚实的，正直的”；honoured “荣幸的”；honorary “名誉的”。 句意：尽管她不是职业作家，她还是成为了作协的名誉会员。D项符合题意，答案D5. 单选题Since Tom was （ ）from the burden that had been imposed on him, he began toconcentrate more on his own interest.问题

5、1选项A.exiledB.exemptedC.expectedD.executed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。 exile “放逐，流放”； exempt“免除，豁免”； be exempted from “被免除”； expect “期望”；execute “实行”。 句意：自从曾经加在他身上的担子被移除后，Tom开始更专注于自己的兴趣。由后半句“Tom开始专注于自己的兴趣”可知B项正确，答案B6. 单选题The two scientists working independently made the same invention（ ）which made it difficult f

6、or the government to decide whom the patent is to be granted to.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.collaborativelyD.elaborately【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。spontaneously “自发地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同时地”；collaboratively “合作地”； elaborately “精巧地，苦心经营地”。句意：两个独立工作的科学家几乎同时发明了相同的东西，这让政府部门很难决定将专利权授予谁。由后半句句意可知只有B项符合句意，

7、即只有这两个独立工作的科学家同时发明了相同的东西时，政府才会难以抉择。答案B7. 翻译题我们的国家走向现代化，最大的障碍，并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累，技术可以创造，也可以引进， 但十几亿人口的整体素质是无法引进的，必须靠我们自己去提高。据约略估计，中国品牌约占国内冰箱和洗衣机市场的90%,空调市场的70%-80%, 彩电市场的60%。在许多领域，产品质量有很大提高。中国一家主要的家电厂商，已经从价格转向以质量、高效销售和售后服务进行竞争。【答案】（1）On the way to modernization, the biggest o

8、bstacle to our country is not the shortage of natural resources, nor the lack of funds, still less the problem of technology, but rather the quality of over one billion people. Funds can be accumulated, technology can be created or imported, but the quality of such a large population, which cannot b

9、e introduced from abroad, should be improved on our own.（2）Its roughly estimated that Chinese brands approximately account for 90% domestic market share of refrigerators and washing machines, with 70% to 80% of air conditioners, 60% of color TVs. In many fields, the quality of Chinese brand products

10、 has improved greatly. A major Chinese manufacturer of home appliances has oriented its competition from price to the quality of product, high effective sales and after-sales service.8. 单选题Under this （ ）pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.问题1选项A.intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulky【答案】C【解析】考

11、查形容词辨析。intensive加强的，集中的；weighty重大的，重的； bulky庞大的，笨重的；intense极度的，强烈的，剧烈的。句意：在这种高强度的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。由“some of the rocks even became liquid”可知岩石受到了极大的压力，故答案C9. 单选题By （ ）computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him two thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.crudeD.rough【答案】D【解析】考

12、查形容词辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的，无礼的”；crude “粗糙的，天然的”；rough “粗略的，艰苦的”。句意：通过粗略估算，他估计房子的整修将花费两千美元。D项符合句意，答案D10. 单选题Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has （ ）the quality of the program.问题1选项A.lessenedB.declinedC.affectedD.effected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。 lessen “使变小”；decline “下降，衰落

13、”；affect“影响，感染”； effect “发生，引起”。句意：评论家们认为，铺天盖地的电视广告已经影响了节目的质量。 根据句意可知C项正确，答案C11. 单选题Most people who travel long distances complaining of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone（1）making mistakes. It is actually caused by（2）of your body clock - a small cluster of brain

14、cells that controls the timing of biological（3）. The body clock is designed for a（4）rhythm of daylight and darkness, so it is thrown out of balance when it（5）daylight and darkness at the “wrong times in a new time zone. The（6）of jetlag often persist for days（7）the internal body clock slowly adjusts

15、to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jetlag system is（8） that is based on proven（9）pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has（10）a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone（11）controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accompli

16、sh and eliminates（12）of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either（13） or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The（14）schedule for light exposure depends a great deal on（15）travel planes.Data on

17、 a specific flight itinerary and the individuals sleep（16）are used to produce a Trip Guide with（17）on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.When the trip Guide calls（18）bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside or the weather is bad, or you are on an airplan

18、e, you can use a special light（19）to provide the necessary light（20）for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.问题1选项A.forB.fromC.toD.or问题2选项A.ruptureB.corruptionC.eruptionD.disruption问题3选项A.actionsB.functionsC.reflectionD.behavior问题4选项A.regularB.formalC.continualD.circular问题5选

19、项A.retainsB.encountersC.possessesD.experiences问题6选项A.diseasesB.symptomsC.signsD.defects问题7选项A.whileB.whereasC.untilD.although问题8选项A.adaptableB.approachableC.availableD.agreeable问题9选项A.broadB.inclusiveC.tentativeD.extensive问题10选项A.devisedB.witnessedC.scrutinizedD.visualized问题11选项A.atB.throughC.inD.as

20、问题12选项A.leastB.mostC.littleD.more问题13选项A.attainB.shedC.retrieveD.seek问题14选项A.tightB.rightC.properD.very问题15选项A.uniqueB.specificC.complicatedD.peculiar问题16选项A.normB.modeC.patternD.style问题17选项A.directoriesB.instructionsC.specificationsD.commentaries问题18选项A.offB.onC.forD.up问题19选项A.deviceB.serviceC.meas

21、urementD.year问题20选项A.agitationB.spurC.accelerationD.stimulus【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:B第13题:D第14题:B第15题:B第16题:C第17题:B第18题:C第19题:A第20题:D【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。be prone to “有的倾向，易于”第2题:考查名词辨析。句意：由于生物钟紊乱导致低效以及易出错。disruption扰乱。第3题:考查名词辨析。biological action生物作用； biological

22、behavior生物活动。句意：生物钟控制生命活动的时间安排。第4题:考查形容词辨析。regular定期的，有规律的； formal正式的；continual继续的； circular循环的。句意：生物钟是用来调节白天和黑夜的规律的。故答案A第5题:考查动词辨析。 retain保留；encounter遭遇，遇到；possess拥有；experience经历。句意：在一个新时区里，当生物钟在一个错误的时间经历白天和黑夜时，就会失去平衡。第6题:考查名词辨析。句意：生物钟紊乱这种症状经常持续故答案B第7题:考查连词辨析。句意：生物钟紊乱这种症状经常持续，直到生物钟适应了新的时区。故C项符合句意。第

23、8题:考查形容词辨析。此处意为：现有的能够抵抗生物钟紊乱的新系统是 “available可获得的”符合题意。adaptable 适合的，能适应的；approachable亲切友善的，易理解的；agreeable令人愉快的，和蔼可亲的。第9题:考查形容词辨析。broad“宽广的”，inclusive“包含的”，tentative“试验性的，尝试的，暂时性的”；extensive“广泛的，大规模的”。此处意为：基于大量的科学研究第10题:考查动词辨析。句意：Dr. Martin想出了一种实用的策略 devise设计，想出； witness目击，证明 ；scrutinize详细检查； visuali

24、ze形象化，想象。第11题:考查介词辨析。此处意为通过接触明亮的光线第12题:考查副词辨析。联系上下文可知答案B第13题:考查动词辨析。由or 可知此处为并列或相反关系，seek和avoid构成一对反义词 。第14题:考查形容词辨析。句意：正确接受光照的时间很大程度上取决于第15题:考查形容词辨析。句意：正确接受光照的时间很大程度上取决于具体乘坐哪一班航班。第16题:考查名词辨析。sleep pattern睡眠模式，睡眠规律。第17题:考查名词辨析。根据下文内容可知，此处意为：什么时候暴露在阳光下的说明。第18题:考查固定搭配。此处意为：当说明/指南需要你接受光照的时候第19题:考查名词辨析。

25、此处意为：用一种特殊的光照装置来产生必要的光照。第20题:考查名词辨析。此处意为：用特殊的装置提供必要的光刺激。agitation 搅动，煽动； spur 激励； acceleration加速，促进；stimulus刺激、激励。12. 单选题Designed to meet the global need for a jetliner sized between the companys own 767-300 and 4-engine 747-400, the new planes seating （ ）made it the worlds largest two-engine passen

26、ger plane.问题1选项A.abilityB.capacityC.capabilityD.facility【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。seating capacity “载客人数”，为固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”； capability “性能，容量”； facility“设施”。 句意：它的载客人数使其成为世界上最大的双引擎客机。答案B13. 单选题Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be （ ）to have withdrawn from the program.问

27、题1选项A.contemplatedB.deemedC.acknowledgedD.anticipated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析题。contemplate “沉思，注视”；deem “认为，视作”；acknowledge “承认”；anticipate “预期，期望”；句意：到本月底还没有交纳注册费的人将被视为已取消该课程。B项符合句意，答案B14. 单选题I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half hour nap （ ）me.问题1选项A.revivedB.releasedC.relievedD.recover

28、ed【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。revive使恢复体力（或精力、活力等）；release释放，发布； relieve缓解，减轻； recover恢复健康。 句意：我下班回家的时候非常累，但睡了半小时后我又有精神了。由but可知前后句为转折关系，前半句提到“非常疲劳”，后半句句意应与之相反，再从“a half hour nap”可推知睡半小时后恢复了体力。故A项正确。答案A15. 单选题Although sports （ ）the household, Joe drew the line when they interfered with family traditions a routi

29、ne.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.affectedC.dominatedD.influenced【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。overwhelm 淹没，压垮； affected 影响；dominate 控制，在中占主要地位；influenced 影响。句意：尽管运动对家庭有决定性影响，Joe认为当体育运动扰乱了家庭传统与日常生活时，应该拒绝运动。由although可推知前后性质相反，后半句提到了“interfered with干扰”是属于不利的一面，故前半句应为好的一面。故C项正确。16. 单选题Doctors are often caught in a （ ）because t

30、hey have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not.问题1选项A.puzzleB.perplexityC.dilemmaD.bewilderment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。puzzle “迷，难题”；perplexity“困惑，混乱”；dilemma “进退两难的境地”；bewilderment “困惑，迷乱”。句意：医生常常陷入进退两难的境地，因为他们不知道是否应该告诉病人真相。由后半句句意可推测医生处于进退两难的境地，故C项正确。17. 单选题Perhaps all criminal

31、s should be required to carry cards which read Fragile: “Handle with Care.，It will never do, these days, to go around referring to criminal as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as “social misfits”（不能适应社会的人）.The professional killer who wouldnt think twice about using his club or knife to

32、 batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meager life savings must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of “hospital treatment.According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil-or so the argument goes. When you listen

33、 to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we arent all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries has been th

34、e suspension of capital punishment.The violent criminal has become a kind of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sum of money for his memories. Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publishers o

35、f trashy cops and robbers stories or murder mysteries have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the sociologists on

36、the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. Its no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes.Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It gave the coldblooded po

37、isoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children, from brutal vi

38、olence. It is horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that I ife sentence does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good conduct, the most desperate villain is free to return to society where he will live very comfortably, thank you, on the pr

39、oceeds of his crime, or he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of the under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, on

40、e wonders, in their desire for fair play, consult the victims before the suspended capital punishment? Hardly, you see; they couldnt, because all the victims were dead.1.According to the passage, which of the following is the authors opinion?2.The tone taken by the author towards these defenders of

41、crime in the passage is（ ）.3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?4.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.All criminals should be required to carry cards read: “Fragile: Handle with Care”B.Capital punishment is the only way to deter criminalsC.Society is to blameD.A

42、ll criminals need hospital treatment.问题2选项A.ironicalB.criticalC.agitatedD.controversial问题3选项A.There has been a marked trend in society towards the humane treatment of less fortunate members.B.Everyone in society thinks it reasonable that all criminals should be punished.C.The author sympathizes with

43、 all criminals.D.Robbers usually think twice before shooting.问题4选项A.Professional killers should not be treated with humane treatmentB.The violent robbers should think twice before pulling the trigger.C.We should give the poisoner time to ponder about while he is shaking up or serving his arsenic coc

44、ktail.D.Severe punishment, even death penalty, should be given to criminals.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。纵观全文以及第一段末句“The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment. 英国和其他一些国家最愚蠢的刑事立法就是暂停死刑。”可知作者对暂停死刑这

45、种做法是不认同的。答案B第2题:观点态度题。由题干关键词“defenders of crime” 定位到第一段“According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil-or so the argument goes. 按照他那些被误导的辩护者的说法，社会是罪魁祸首。一个邪恶的社会孕育着邪恶。”以及文章末句“Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fair play, consult the vi

46、ctims before the suspended capital punishment? Hardly, you see; they couldnt, because all the victims were dead. 人们不禁要问，犯罪的辩护人是否出于对公平竞争的渴望，在暂缓执行死刑之前会咨询受害者的意见? 不， 你看到；他们不能，因为所有的受害者都死了。”可知作者对这些罪犯的辩护律师是讽刺的态度。答案A第3题:细节事实题。由第一段“It will never do, these days, to go around referring to criminal as violent t

47、hugs. You must refer to them politely as “social misfits”. 现在，把罪犯称为暴力暴徒是绝对不可能的。你必须礼貌地称他们为“不适应社会的人”。以及“Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of the under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. 只要你个人不受影响，摆出弱者的姿态总是很时尚的。”可知人们对于弱者或不幸的人通常采取宽容的态度。故A项正确，B项表述错误。C项“作者同情所有罪犯”与原文中作者的态度不符，文

48、中作者认为废除死刑是很愚蠢的事情，所以作者不会同情所有的罪犯。D项“抢劫犯在开枪之前会三思”是建立在“死刑的威慑作用下”。故D项表述绝对。答案A第4题:推理判断题。通读全文可知D项正确，死刑才是震慑罪犯的唯一手段。答案D18. 单选题He said that ending the agreement would （ ）the future of small or family-run shops,lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.问题1选项A.ventureB

49、.exposeC.jeopardizeD.legalize【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。venture “冒险”；expose“揭露，揭发”；jeopardize “损害”；legalize “使合法化”。句意：他说，终止协议不利于小型或家庭式经营书店未来的发展，那样会减少图书出版量，而且会提高除部分畅销书以外全部图书的价格。由lead to可知是导致不好的结果，故空格处要填贬义词，答案C19. 单选题We have invested （ ）80,000 in this project, but till now there is no hope for us to get a penny

50、back.问题1选项A.subsequentlyB.unexpectedlyC.approximatelyD.reluctantly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。subsequently“随后”；unexpectedly “出乎意料地”； approximately “大约”；reluctantly “不情愿地”。句意：尽管我们已在这个项目上投资了大约8万英镑，但是直到现在我们拿回一分钱的希望都没有。C项最符合句意，故答案C20. 翻译题Can a person consider himself a thinking, creative, responsible citizen and no

51、t care about history? Can an institution that proposes to foster such attributes do so without including history in its curriculum? Many college students would answer such a question with an immediate Yes!But those who are quick to answer do so without reflecting on what history truly is and how and

52、 why it is important.History is boring, complain many students. Unfortunately, a lot of people pick up a bad taste of history from the primary and secondary schools. Too many lower-level history courses (and college level, too) are rife with rote memorization of dates and events deemed important by

53、the teacher and textbooks, coupled with monotone lectures that could induce comas in hyperactive children.Instead of simply making students memorize when Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese, teachers should concentrate on instilling an understanding of why the Japanese felt they had no alternative

54、 but to attack the United States. History is a discipline of understanding, not memorization.Another common complaint is that history is unimportant. But even the most fanatic antihistory students, if they were honest, would have to admit that history is important at least within the narrow confines

55、 of their own disciplines of study. Why be an artist if you are merely going to repeat the past (and probably not as expertly, since you would have to spend your time formulating theories Revolution again?How could anyone hope to be a mathematician, or a scientist, without knowing the fields history

56、? Even a genius needs a base from which to build. History helps provide that base.【答案】（1）一个人可以自认为是有思想、有创造性、有责任心的人，却对历史毫不在意吗？一所提倡培养人的这类优秀品质的学院会没有历史课程吗？（2）很多低年级的历史课程（甚至是大学的历史课程）都只是要求学生对老师和教科书认为重要的历史日期和事件进行死记硬背，还伴随着枯燥乏味的讲课，使原本思想活跃的学生都变得昏昏欲睡。（3）老师们不宜让学生只是简单记住日本偷袭珍珠港事件的时间，还应该将日本为何别无选择地袭击美国的原因慢慢灌输给学生，最终让他们理解。（4）然而，即使是那些十分盲目地反对历史的学生，只要他们还算诚实， 也不得不承认，至少在他们自己所学的学科中，历史对他们来说是重要的。（5）如果一个人不知道数学界或科学领域的历史，他又怎能有望成为数学家或者科学家呢？即使是颇有天赋的人，也需要有一个良好的基础去发展成为天才。历史就是帮助打牢基础的关键因素。