2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷98（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题He spoke so（ ）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.问题1选项A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A选项 bluntly “坦率地，率直地”；B选项 convincingly “使人信服地，有说服力地”；C选项 emphatically “坚决地，断然地”；D选项 determinedly “决然地，断然地”。句意：他讲得如此有说

2、服力，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所折服。结合此处句意，B选项正确。2. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great and（ ）,therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 intention “意图，目的”；B选项 instinct “本能，天性”；C选项 integrity “正直，完整”；D选项 intensity “剧烈，强度”。句意：市长是一位十分正直的女

3、性，所以值得我们给予政治和经济上的支持。A，B和D项不与with搭配，结合句意，C选项正确。3. 单选题The politician is shrewd and deep; he was（ ）seldom on what he expected others to do for him.问题1选项A.transparentB.explicitC.prominentD.conspicuous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: transparent “透明的”；B: explicit “明确的；直言的”；C: prominent “突出的，显著地”；D: conspicuous “显著的

4、”。句意：这位政治家相当精明，城府深，他很少明确表示希望其他人能为他做些什么。根据句意，B项最符合。4. 单选题According to the geological theory put forward by a famous geologist at an academic conference newly held in England, the south of Iceland is（ ）to earthquakes.问题1选项A.disposedB.likelyC.liableD.inclined【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: disposed “有倾向的；打算做的”；B

5、: likely “很可能的”；C: liable “易遭受的”；D: inclined “趋向于的”。句意：根据一位著名的地理学家在最近英国举行的学术会议上提出的地理理论，爱尔兰的南方有地震的可能性。结合句意，C为正确答案。5. 单选题In its most abstract sense the perception of a loss of community in modern society refers to changes in both the structure and content of personal relationships. Here community is u

6、sed to denote a sense of common identity between individuals, and enduring ties of affection and harmony based upon personal knowledge and face-to-face contact. It is often contrasted with the impersonal and dehumanizing aspects of modernlife, with the rise of a selfish individualism, a calculative

7、approach to human relationships and the sense of social dislocation present under conditions of rapid social and economic change. These judgments were typified by the pessimistic strand of much eighteenth-and nineteenth-century Romanticism, which stressed the unity of man with nature, opposed reason

8、 with sentiment and offered thoroughgoing criticism of the emerging urban, industrial worlD.The concept of community was used in order to come to terms with this new form of society. The scientific and technological advances of the new age were contrasted with mans spiritual and emotional impoverish

9、ment, in which the loss of community was taken as emblematiC.The term was therefore used in a literally reactionary way, as a reaction to both the material squalor and the spiritual degradation which Romanticism associated with the rise of urban industrialism. Community signified a more humane and i

10、ntimate existence, more stable, more traditional and less tainted by the rational pursuit of self-interest. The term was used by writers like Cobbett and Coleridge to evoke a largely mythical golden age in the pre-industrial world, where organic communities of beneficent landowners and merry rustics

11、 lived a happy Arcadian existence in the mainly agricultural villages and small market towns which constituted pre-industrial-society. Rapid urbanization and industrialization were accused of having destroyed this notion of community.The Industrial Revolution was believed to have changed not only th

12、e structure of society by concentrating large numbers of people in cities and in factories, but also the quality of the relationships upon which a sense of community resteD.Out of this perception there emerged a very common literary and cultural theme, fully explored by Raymond Williams in two of hi

13、s books, Culture and Society and The Country and the City (Williams, 1961, 1973). Since urban industrialism had brought a breakdown of community it followed that real communities could not exist in the new industrial cities but only in the countryside. The village therefore came to be regarded as th

14、e ideal community. The romantic assertion of the unit of man with nature found its counterpart in an idyllic view of rural life as consisting of harmony and virtue. Relationships in rural communities were regarded as more indefinably profound and fulfilling, generating a prevailing sense of meaningf

15、ul social intimacy. In cities, on the other hand, it was believed that the unnatural separation of their inhabitants from the land and from one another provoked dislocation and a superficial and alienating way of life. This tendency to identify a sense of community with particular patterns of settle

16、ment and particular geographical locations has proved to be an immensely enduring one. As Williams shows, it is a tradition that has penetrated large areas of our culture, including our literature, our aesthetics, our architecture and town and country planning, and even our social science. Such a tr

17、adition continues to act as a filter through which the reality of urban and rural life is constantly being interpreteD.Even today there is a tendency to regard only rural villages as real communities where we can find our roots, while life in cities is viewed as a necessary evil to be avoided whenev

18、er possible.1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2.The eighteenth-and-nineteenth-century Romanticism insisted that（ ）.3.The word emblematic ( ParA.1 ) may have the meaning of（ ）.4.According to the passage, the concept of community（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is corr

19、ect according to the passage?问题1选项A.Community as Criticism of Industrial Society.B.Community in the Modern WorldC.Community and ChangeD.Community and the Sociological Tradition.问题2选项A.modern industry destroyed peoples harmonious relationship with natureB.the urban life is an evil though the developm

20、ent of industry is necessaryC.they created the concept of community to come to terms with the modern worldD.the industrial development enriched the life of urban inhabitants问题3选项A.poorB.pessimisticC.symbolicD.disastrous问题4选项A.is not created until the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the I

21、ndustrial RevolutionB.refers only to the ideal of human and rustic life in the countrysideC.is also used to indicate the change of society structure by concentrating large numbers of people in citiesD.has changed while changes have happened in the structure of society问题5选项A.The conflict between urba

22、n and rural life has been reflected in different aspects of our culture.B.The ideal community will disappear with the scientific and technologic advances.C.Community can only exist in the pre-industrial society when people are less tainted by the pursuit of self-interestD.The consequences of the los

23、s of community for the stability of society are widely feared by everyone.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文分析可知，本文第一段介绍了现代社会中社区丧失的表现。在第二段中可以定位到“The Industrial Revolution was believed to have changed not only the structure of society by concentrating large numbers of people in cities and

24、in factories, but also the quality of the relationships upon which a sense of community rested.”，中文翻译为：人们认为，工业革命不仅通 过将大量人口集中在城市和工厂，而且改变了社会结构，而且改变了社区意识所 依赖的关系的质量。后文也写到了城市工业化带来了社区的崩溃，以及城市和农村的矛盾等。综合考虑下，A选项符合题意。2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词eighteenth-and-nineteenth-century Romanticism可定位到文章 “These judgments were typi

25、fied by the pessimistic strand of much eighteenth-and nineteenth-century Romanticism, which stressed the unity of man with nature, opposed reason with sentiment and offered thoroughgoing criticism of the emerging urban,industrial world.”，中文翻译为：“这些判断的典型代表是18世纪和19世纪浪漫主义 的悲观派，强调人与自然的统一，以情感反对理性，并对新兴的城市和

26、工业世界进行彻底的批评。”以及“Since urban industrialism had brought a breakdown of community it followed that real communities could not exist in the new industrial cities but only in the country side. The village therefore came to be regarded as the ideal community. The romantic assertion of the unit of man with

27、 nature found its counterpart in an idyllic view of rural life as consisting of harmony and virtue.”，中文翻译为：由于城市工业化带来了社区的崩溃，因此，真正的社区不可能存在于新的工业城市，而只存在于农村。因此，乡村被认为是理想的社区。人与自然统一的浪漫主张在田园诗般的乡村生 活中被认为是由和谐和美德构成的。可推断出A项“现代工业破坏了人与自然的和谐关系”正确。3.词义猜测题。根据题干中关键字emblematic可以定位到文章第一段“The scientific and technological

28、 advances of the new age were contrasted with mans spiritual and emotional impoverishment, in which the loss of community was taken as emblematic.”，中文翻译为：新时代的科技进步与人类精神上和情感上的贫乏形成了鲜明的对比，在这种贫穷中，社区的丧失被视为象征。由语境可知，C项“象征性”正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词the concept of community可以定位到文章 “The concept of community was used

29、in order to come to terms with this new form of society.”，中文翻译为：为了适应这种新的社会形式，人们使用了社区的概念，因此 D项“社会结构发生变化的时候，它也已经改变了”正确。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章 “Out of this perception there emerged a very common literary and cultural theme, fully explored by Raymond Williams in two of his books, Culture and Society and The

30、 Country and the City (Williams, 1961, 1973).”，中文翻译为：从这种观念出发， 出现了一个非常普遍的文学和文化主题，雷蒙德烕廉姆斯在他的两本书文化和社会以及国家和城市 (Williams，1961，1973)中充分探讨了这一主题。以及“As Williams shows, it is a tradition that has penetrated large areas of our culture, including our literature, our aesthetics, our architecture and town and cou

31、ntry planning, and even our social science. Such a tradition continues to act as a filter through which the reality of urban and rural life is constantly being interpreted.”，中文翻译为：正如烕廉斯所表明的那样，这是一种己经渗透到我们文化的很大领域的传统，包括我们的文学、美学、建筑和城乡规划，甚至我们的社会科学。这一传统继续充当一个过滤器，通过它不断解读 城市和农村生活的现实。故答案为A“城市和农村生活之间的冲突反映在我们文

32、化的不同方面”。6. 单选题The freshman took a while to（ ）himself the new environment of the university.问题1选项A.familiarizeB.modifyC.orientD.alter【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。orient.to“使适应”。句意：大学新生花了一段时间使自己适应大学的新环境。根据句意，C为正确答案。7. 单选题When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not li

33、ve up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple an

34、d common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the higher up the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settleD.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.C

35、onsumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wron

36、g with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear is better than

37、 This stereo does not work.The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She o

38、r he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers5 rights.1.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to（ ）.2.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his probl

39、em, its better to complain to（ ）.3.The most effective complaint can be made by（ ）.4.The phrase live up to(Line 1, Par1)in the context means（ ）.5.The passage tells us（ ）.问题1选项A.complain personally to the managerB.threaten to take the matter to courtC.write a firm letter of complaint to the store of p

40、urchaseD.show some written proof of the purchase to the store问题2选项A.a shop assistB.a store managerC.the manufacturerD.a public organization问题3选项A.showing the faulty item to the manufacturerB.explaining exactly what is wrong with the itemC.saying firmly that the item is of poor qualityD.asking polite

41、ly to change the item问题4选项A.meet the standard ofB.realize the purpose ofC.fulfill the demands ofD.keep the promise of问题5选项A.how to settle a consumers complaint about a faulty itemB.how to make an effective complaint about a faulty itemC.how to avoid buying a faulty itemD.how to deal with complaints

42、from customers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store

43、 of purchase.”中文翻译为：“当消费者发现自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面达不到制造商所声称 的那样时，首先应出示在某商场购买某商品的相关保单、记录或证明。”可以得知D选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he o

44、r she can expect it to be settled.” 中文翻译为“许多消费者使用的一种简单 而普遍的方法是直接向商店经理投诉。般来说，消费者的投诉越高，问题就能越快得到解决。”结合语境，B为正确答案。3. 细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If t

45、his cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements.” 中文翻译为“抱怨是最有效的，当它礼貌而坚定地进行时，尤其是当消费者能够证明所涉物品有什么问题时。如果不能做到这一点，消费者最好通过提供具体信息 来说明什么是错的，而不是做一般性的陈述。”可以得知B选项符合题意。4.词义猜测题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “When a consumer finds th

46、at an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it.” 中文翻译为“当消费者发现 自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面不像制造商所宣称的那样” 与前文的 “faulty 瑕疵”都是表达商品的不达标。A项“不辜负；达到的标准”正确。5.主旨大意题。根据文章大意：顾客在购买了有瑕疵的商品后如何进行最有效的投诉可知B项“如何对有瑕疵的物品提出有效的投诉”。8. 单选题If these shoes are too big, ask the

47、clerk to bring you a smaller（ ）.问题1选项A.pairB.suitC.oneD.set【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这些鞋太大了，请店员给你拿一双更小的。结合语境，由前文谈及 “这些鞋子”，即应该是成对的，故应该用“一双”，则 A为正确答案。9. 单选题At first, the（ ）of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible but with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.问题1选项

48、A.transactionB.transmissionC.transformationD.transition【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析题。A选项 transaction “办理，处理；业务，交易”；B选项 transmission “播送，发射，传送”；C选项 transformation “变化，转化”；D选项 transition “转变，转换”。句意：起初，远距离传输彩色图片似乎是不可能的，但随着人们的艰苦努力和花费的巨大的代价，它终于变成了现实。结合句意，表示传输彩色图片，故B选项正确。10. 单选题Mechanization has gradually（ ）many of

49、the ranching and agricultural jobs once available to the Indians, and few industries have been attracted to the area.问题1选项A.disposedB.eliminatedC.discardedD.terminated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: disposed “处置”；B: eliminated “排除，消除；淘汰”；C: discarded “丢弃，抛弃”；D: terminated “结束；使终结”。句意：机械化逐渐使印度淘汰了许多牧场和农业工作，而这地区很

50、少吸引到工业。结合此处语境，工业化应该是减少了农牧业工作，因此B为正确答案。11. 单选题Under the present system, state enterprises must（ ）all profits to the government.问题1选项A.turn downB.turn toC.turn outD.turn in【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A: turn down “减少；关小” ；B: turn to“求助于”；C: turn out “结果是；关掉”；D: turn in “上交；归还”。句意：在现行制度下，国有企业必须向政府上交全部利润。根据语境可知D为正确答案

51、。12. 单选题The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport and profit. Every year commercial fishing （1）a harvest of over a billion pounds of salmon from the seA.Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager（2）fishers.In autumn, the rivers of the Northwestern Unite

52、d States come（3）with salmon. The salmon have left the ocean and are（4）their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there are far fewer salmon than（5）, because the salmon , （6）has suffered from many perils of the modern age.Water pollution has killed many salmon by（7）them of oxygen. Over-fishing ha

53、s further decreased their number. Dams has another（8），because they lock migration paths. Fish ladders,（9）stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can swim（10）over the dams. But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble（11）the ladders. Often they（12）their deaths over the dam or are killed

54、in giant hydroelectric turbines.（13）America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several ways to（14）the salmon population. Conservation officials have had some success（15）salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Salmon are also being（16）into new are

55、as. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young Coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to migrate to the lake and（17）an undesirable fish. The Cohoes（18）so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan（19）Cohoes are being planted in other Great Lakes.Thanks to the fo

56、resight and（20）of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be around American shores, rivers and lakes for a long time to come.问题1选项A.results inB.results fromC.results atD.resulted in问题2选项A.commerceB.sportsC.salmonD.kindness问题3选项A.aliveB.activeC.liveD.about-问题4选项A.atB.inC.onD.by问题5选项A.ever soB.e

57、ver sinceC.ever afterD.ever before问题6选项A.productionB.populationC.familyD.growing问题7选项A.forbiddingB.exploitingC.robbingD.endangering问题8选项A.dangerB.obstacleC.problemD.element问题9选项A.made up forB.made up toC.made upD.made up of问题10选项A.properlyB.safelyC.quicklyD.frequently问题11选项A.discoverB.to climbC.find

58、ingD.measuring问题12选项A.fall toB.fall backC.fall acrossD.fall away问题13选项A.So thatB.So far asC.So much asD.So long as问题14选项A.explodeB.developC.increaseD.catch问题15选项A.supportingB.raisingC.keepingD.resulting问题16选项A.invadedB.introducedC.foundD.given问题17选项A.live onB.feed inC.feed uponD.feed back问题18选项A.act

59、ivateB.growC.thrivedD.developed问题19选项A.in whichB.thatC.whereD.which问题20选项A.objectivesB.planningC.inventionD.arrangement【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B第16题:B第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:B【解析】1.考查词组。此处大意为：每年商业捕鱼都会从海里收获超过10亿磅的三文鱼。结合句意得知正确答案为A:result in “导

60、致；引起”。2.考查词汇。此处大意为：急不可耐的 _ 渔民每年都会捕捉成千上万的三文鱼。最符合语境句意的选项为B，与eager搭配最为合适的是sports娱乐”，即“消遣性渔民”。3.考查词组。本句大意为：秋季，美国西北部的河因三文鱼而热闹起来。come alive “热闹起来，活跃起来”，只有A选项合适。4.考查介词。本句大意为：三文鱼离开海洋，每年都会回流到河面上产卵。根据句意，C项为最佳答案。5.考查逻辑关系。结合前文的yet“然而”可知此处表达的是现在与过去的对比，最符合语境句意的选项为D“ever before 以前”。6.考查词义。根据上文far fewer salmon可知三文鱼

61、的整体数量减少，结合句意，最佳答案为B population“（生物）种群；数量” 。7.考查词义。rob sb./sth.of sth. “剥夺某人/物所需或应得之物”，本句句意为：水污染夺走了许多三文鱼的氧气，使它们死亡。因此最佳答案为C。8.考查词义。前文谈及“水污染杀死了很多三文鱼”，结合上下文及空格之前的内容，判断出最佳答案为A。9.考查短语。A: make up for “弥补；补偿”；B: make up to sB.“献媚；奉承”；C: make up “编造；化妆”；D: be made up of表示“由构成”。此处大意为：由阶梯式游泳池构成的鱼梯，因此答案为D。10.考查

62、副词，此处大意为：建造鱼梯是为了三文鱼能（ ）游过大坝，结合上下文语义，最符合的答案应是选项B“安全地”。11.考查搭配和语义。根据前文have trouble in doing sth.可知答案在CD两项中，结合句意，判断出正确选项C。12.考查词组。根据前文大意，游入海洋的小鱼在发现梯子方面有些困难判断出后半句是说明这种结果，因此A选项和后文构成“fall to their deaths over the dam”为最佳答案，意为“掉到大坝上而摔死”。13.考查逻辑关系。此处后文大意为：“生态环境保护者规划一些方案以增加三文鱼 的数量”，空格处应起到连接的作用，结合句意，最佳答案为D so long as “只要”。14.考查词汇。前文的用词“decrease their number”可以判断出此处填入选项C“增加族群数量”符合句意。15.考查搭配