2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷10（含答案解析）

《2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷10（含答案解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷10（含答案解析）（27页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题He had（ ）to be here at ten oclock, but because of a traffic accident, he didnt show up until midnight.问题1选项A.overtakenB.undertakenC.guaranteedD.warranted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: overtake “赶上”；B: undertake “承担”；C: guarantee “保证”；D: warrant “担保”。句意：他承诺十一点到这里，但是由于出了车祸

2、，他直到午夜才出现。结合句意，答案为选项C。2. 单选题Fred has a(n)（ ）kind of humor that can only be appreciated by those willing to search beneath the surface.问题1选项A.obviousB.hiddenC.subtleD.controlled【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: obvious“明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的”；B: hidden “隐藏的”；C: subtle “微妙的；细微的”；D: controlled “受控制的；受约束的”。句意：那些愿意了解深层意思的人才会

3、欣赏到Fred的微妙幽默。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。3. 单选题The（ ）of the apartment to his office was an advantage on rainy days.问题1选项A.vicinityB.neighborhoodC.surroundingsD.confines【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: vicinity “附近，邻近；附近地区” ；B: neighborhood “地区；某地区的人”；C: surroundings “（周围的）环境事物；环境”；D: confines “境界；限度；范围”。句意：这公寓离他的办公室很近，在雨天时是一

4、大优势。根据语境可知A为正确答案。4. 单选题Cheques have largely replaced money as a means of exchange, for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very（1）for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite（2）in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain

5、 （3）when he accepts, a cheque and he is quite（4）, his rights if,（5）, he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called（6）. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant（7）. He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a l

6、arge（8）of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces.After examining several trays, he（9）to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay（10）cheque. The assistant said that this was quite（11）, but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the mana

7、gers office.The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with（12）the same name had presented them with a（13）cheque not long ago. He told my friend that the police would arrive（14）any moment and he had better stay（15）he wanted to get into serious trouble.（16）, the police arrived on afte

8、rwards. They apologized to my friend for the（17）and asked him to（18）a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note（19）.“I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.”（20），my friends handwriting was quite unlike the thieves.问题1选项A.complicat

9、edB.trivialC.bearableD.convenient问题2选项A.valuelessB.invaluableC.valuableD.indefinite问题3选项A.dangerB.changeC.riskD.opportunity问题4选项A.withinB.beyondC.withoutD.out of问题5选项A.in generalB.at the leastC.on occasionD.in short问题6选项A.in difficultyB.in doubtC.in earnestD.in question问题7选项A.accidentB.experienceC.e

10、ventD.incident问题8选项A.amountB.stockC.numberD.store问题9选项A.consideredB.thoughtC.conceivedD.decided问题10选项A.byB.inC.withD.through问题11选项A.in orderB.in needC.in useD.in common问题12选项A.largelyB.mostlyC.exactlyD.extremely问题13选项A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthless问题14选项A.forB.atC.untilD.during问题15选项A.whether

11、B.ifC.otherwiseD.unless问题16选项A.ReallyB.Sure enoughC.CertainlyD.However问题17选项A.treatmentB.mannerC.inconvenienceD.behavior问题18选项A.write offB.write outC.copy outD.make out问题19选项A.readB.toldC.wroteD.informed问题20选项A.EspeciallyB.FortunatelyC.NaturallyD.Basically【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C第6题:D第7题:B第8题:B

12、第9题:D第10题:A第11题:A第12题:C第13题:D第14题:B第15题:D第16题:B第17题:C第18题:C第19题:A第20题:B【解析】1.考查逻辑词义搭配。complicated “复杂的”;trivial “碎的，无足轻重的”；bearable “可忍受的”; convenient “方便的”。 前文提及支票不受地域限制，因此，此处表达“支票对买者和卖者均很方便”，故正确答案为D。2.考查词义搭配。valueless “无价值的”；invaluable“无价的”； valuable “有价值的”; indefinite “不确定的；无限的”。从上下文来看，最符合语境句意的选项

13、为B。3.考查固定搭配。run a risk “冒风险”，因此正确选项为C。4.考查固定搭配。within ones right “有权；在某人的权限内”，因此正确选项为A。5.考查逻辑搭配。in general “ 一般来说 ”；at the least “至少 ”；on occasion “偶尔”；in short “总之”。 句意大概是： 如果他偶尔拒绝接受支票，他也是完全有权这样做的。从上下文来看，最符合语境句意的选项为C。6.考查固定搭配。call sth. in question “对表示怀疑”，因此正确选项为D。7.考查词义搭配。accident “事故”； experience

14、“经验”；event “重大事件”；incident “事件，事变”。 have an extremely unpleasant experience表示“有一次非常不愉快的经历”。因此最佳答案为B。8.考查词义搭配。keep a large stock of “备有大量的现货供应”，因此答案为B。9.考查词义搭配。decide后可接不定式，consider后接动名词，think后面不接不定式，conceive后不接不定式。结合语境和句意，答案为D。10.考查固定搭配。pay by cheque “用支票支付”，因此正确选项为A。11.考查固定搭配。be in order 符合程序；就绪”，因

15、此正确选项为A。12.考查副词。largely“主要地”； mostly “主要地；通常；多半地”； exactly“恰好地；正是；精确地；正确地”； extremely“非常，极其；极端地”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。13.考查词义搭配。worthless表示“毫无价值的”。根据语篇意思，最佳选项为D。14.考查固定搭配。at any moment “即刻，随时”，因此正确选项为B。15.考查逻辑搭配。whether“是否；不论”； if“如果，是否”； otherwise“其他；如果不；然后；否则”； unless “除非；如果不”。本句句意：当他起身要走的时候经理告诉他，警察随时会来

16、。如果他不想招惹麻烦的话，最好在这儿待一会儿。根据语境，最佳答案为D。16.考查逻辑搭配。really “真正地，实在”； sure enough “果然，果然不出所料”；certainly “当然，肯定，确实”； however “然而”。根据语境，最佳答案为B。17.考查词义搭配。treatment “对待，处理”； manner “（做事情的）方法，方式”； inconvenience “不便，麻烦”； behavior “举止，品行”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。18.考查词组。write off “报废，购销（债务）”； write out“开出（药方，支票等）”； copy ou

17、t“抄写”； make out“弄懂，辨认，开出（支票，药方）”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。19.考查惯用搭配。read此处意为“上面写道”。根据语境及句意，A为最佳答案。20.考查逻辑搭配。Especially “特别；尤其；格外”； Fortunately “幸运地”； Naturally “自然地”； Basically “主要地，基本上”。本句大意：很幸运，我朋友的笔迹与诈骗犯的笔迹完全不同。联系上下文，最佳答案为B。5. 单选题Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid developm

18、ent at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years-and why in the following two years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products

19、 of our own timesare questions which have interested, the modern philosopher not less than, the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular

20、 modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period-one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidentsto the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possi

21、ble, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficien

22、t distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis, and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to obs

23、ervation under the guidance of deduction-by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; land the ancient sciences, afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately a

24、ny one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant fact, by appeal to experiment and observation-these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the

25、 moderns: but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a-greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts”

26、 and “theories” or facts and ideasin neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latte?proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate specie

27、s. Theories, if true, are facts-a particular glass of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in sc

28、ience, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true methoD.A fact is a proposition of simple verification. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert th

29、eories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.1.The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is（ ）.2.According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in moder

30、n times is（ ）.3.The difference between fact and theory（ ）.4.According to the author, mathematics is（ ）.5.The statement Theories are facts may be called（ ）.问题1选项A.Philosophy of MathematicsB.The Recent Growth in ScienceC.The Verification of FactsD.Methods of Scientific Inquiry问题2选项A.the similarity bet

31、ween the two periodsB.that both tried to develop the inductive methodC.that it was an act of GodD.due to the decline of the deductive method问题3选项A.is that the latter needs confirmationB.rests on the simplicity of the formerC.is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient GreeksD.hel

32、ps us to understand the deductive method问题4选项A.an inductive scienceB.in need of simple verificationC.a deductive scienceD.based on fact and theory问题5选项A.a metaphorB.a paradoxC.a punD.an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干意为本文最好的标题表述。原文第一段提出问题：为

33、什么从希腊文化顶峰时期后两千年来归纳法和数学科学发展如此缓慢，而后的两百年又超越了前人，是应用新旧方法关系还是其他。第二段讲埃及古代在科学探索中运用了演绎推理法，而现在应用了归纳法。但是，这种解释太狭隘，经仔细审核，难以很清晰地点明古代和现代科学教义和探究上明显的差别。第四、五段涉及事实和理论的关系。综合考虑下可以判断D为最佳选项。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “Or, should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents-to the influence of

34、conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding providence?” 中文翻译为：或者我们是否应当把两个阶段的特点归因于所谓的历史的偶然性（意外事件）归因于客观环境中相似（结合）的影响。这一点除非以指导一切的上帝的智慧 和无限权利来解释，否则难以解说清楚。可以得知C选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段,事实是一个提议，通过运用知识的源泉和经验而证实的提议直接而又简单。若是真理论，就有事实的一

35、切特性（除非其证实只能 通过非直接的，遥远的和困难的方式方法），把理论转成事实必须用简单的核实， 理论因此具有事实的一切特性。因此，A最符合题意。4.推理判断题。an inductive science “归纳法科学”； in need of simple verification“需要简单证实”； a deductive “推理演绎科学”； based on fact and theory “基于事实和理论”。基于对“数学”的理解，C最符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到“For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete.

36、Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts-a particular glass of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.”，中文翻译为：因为首先，对立是不完整的，事实和理论不是同类的事物。理论，如果是真正的理论，就是事实一种特殊类别的事实

37、，一般性的复杂，但仍是事实。而事实，从词的狭义来说，如果很复杂，如果各成分中存在着逻辑的联系，就具有理论的一切主要特征。可知，B项“似非而是的隽语；悖论” 正确。6. 单选题Many new（ ）will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.问题1选项A.opportunitiesB.necessitiesC.realitiesD.probabilities【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析A: opportunities “机会”；B: necessities “必要性”；C: realities

38、“现实”；D: probabilities “可能性”。句意：今后，许多新的机会将为受过大学教育的人打开。根据句意，A为正确答案。7. 单选题He thought the painting was of little（ ）, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.问题1选项A.costB.valueC.priceD.expenses【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: cost “成本；花费” ；B: value “价值”；C: price “价格”；D: expenses “开销”。句意：他认为这幅画没有什么价值，所以他只给了我十英镑。结合此处

39、语境，B为正确答案。8. 单选题She steered（ ）of being associated with such people.问题1选项A.clearB.voidC.bareD.free【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。steer clear of sb./sth.表示“绕开;避开”。句意：她避免与这种人交往。结合句意，故A为正确答案。9. 单选题Conscience（ ）him day and night after he saw the miseries other child which was caused by his misdoings with his own eyes.问

40、题1选项A.racksB.persecutesC.maltreatsD.abuses【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A: rack “折磨”；B: persecute “迫害”；C: maltreat “虐待”；D: abuse “滥用”。句意：在他看到其他孩子由于他的失误所造成的痛苦之后，良心一直折磨着他。良心应和折磨搭配，因此A符合题意。10. 单选题This countrys development of science was greatly undermined for large numbers of scientific（ ）were ejected from their mot

41、herland since the dictator came into power.问题1选项A.galaxyB.eliteC.personnelD.swarm【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: galaxy “银河” ；B: elite “精英”；C: personnel “全体人员”；D: swarm “一大群”。句意：这个国家的科学发展受到严重破坏，因为自从独裁者掌握政权，大量的科学精英就离开了故乡。由句意可知B为正确答案。11. 单选题When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some

42、 other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain sa

43、tisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the higher up the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settleD.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or

44、she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can de

45、monstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is

46、unclear is better than This stereo does not work.The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go

47、 a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers5 rights.1.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to（ ）.2.If a consumer wants a quick s

48、ettlement of his problem, its better to complain to（ ）.3.The most effective complaint can be made by（ ）.4.The phrase live up to(Line 1, Par1)in the context means（ ）.5.The passage tells us（ ）.问题1选项A.complain personally to the managerB.threaten to take the matter to courtC.write a firm letter of compl

49、aint to the store of purchaseD.show some written proof of the purchase to the store问题2选项A.a shop assistB.a store managerC.the manufacturerD.a public organization问题3选项A.showing the faulty item to the manufacturerB.explaining exactly what is wrong with the itemC.saying firmly that the item is of poor

50、qualityD.asking politely to change the item问题4选项A.meet the standard ofB.realize the purpose ofC.fulfill the demands ofD.keep the promise of问题5选项A.how to settle a consumers complaint about a faulty itemB.how to make an effective complaint about a faulty itemC.how to avoid buying a faulty itemD.how to

51、 deal with complaints from customers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which mi

52、ght help, at the store of purchase.”中文翻译为：“当消费者发现自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面达不到制造商所声称 的那样时，首先应出示在某商场购买某商品的相关保单、记录或证明。”可以得知D选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up the consumer takes his or her comp

53、laint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled.” 中文翻译为“许多消费者使用的一种简单 而普遍的方法是直接向商店经理投诉。般来说，消费者的投诉越高，问题就能越快得到解决。”结合语境，B为正确答案。3. 细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the

54、item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements.” 中文翻译为“抱怨是最有效的，当它礼貌而坚定地进行时，尤其是当消费者能够证明所涉物品有什么问题时。如果不能做到这一点，消费者最好通过提供具体信息 来说明什么是错的，而不是做一般性的陈述。”可以得知B选项符合题意。4.词义猜测题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “Wh

55、en a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it.” 中文翻译为“当消费者发现 自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面不像制造商所宣称的那样” 与前文的 “faulty 瑕疵”都是表达商品的不达标。A项“不辜负；达到的标准”正确。5.主旨大意题。根据文章大意：顾客在购买了有瑕疵的商品后如何进行最有效的投诉可知B项“如何对有瑕疵的物品提出有效的投诉”。12. 单选题His use of co

56、lor, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his（ ）as he developed his own technique.问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.successorsD.ancestors【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析题。A: descendant“后代” ；B: predecessor“前辈”；C: successor“继任者，继承人”；D: ancestor“祖先”。句意：随着他发展自己的技术，他对颜色、光线和形式的使用迅速地背离了他前辈的传统风格。

57、结合句意，故B为正确答案。13. 单选题Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points -periods countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones fin

58、dings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects

59、are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytiC.The old questions What happened?” and“ How did it happen? have given way to the question“ Why did it happen?”, Prominent among the methods used to answer the question Why is psychoanalysis, and it

60、s use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistoiy does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho

61、 historians intenD.They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it Psychohistory derives its facts not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences,

62、 but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made histoiy, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to. and therefore assessable by all historians. And it violates the ba