2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第40期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Only a（ ）person would believe such an unlikely story about flying saucers.问题1选项A.credibleB.credulousC.nonsensicalD.creditable【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项nonsensical“无意义的，荒谬的”；D选项creditable“值得称赞的”。句意：只有易受骗的人才会相信这样一个关于飞碟的不大可能的故事

2、。选项B符合语境。2. 单选题The city signed a/an（ ）contract with Italy in order to make full use of their natural resources and capital.问题1选项A.unusualB.influentialC.residentialD.reciprocal【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项unusual“不寻常的”；B选项influential“有影响的，有势力的”；C选项residential“住宅的”；D选项reciprocal“互惠的”。句意：为了充分利用其自然资源和资本，该市与意大利签订了

3、互惠合约。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题The phone has rung so often today that it is become a/an（ ）.问题1选项A.interruptionB.frustrationC.distressD.nuisance【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项interruption “中断，干扰”；B选项frustration“挫折”；C选项distress“危难，不幸”；D选项nuisance“麻烦事”。句意：今天电话响了很多次，真烦人。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题How fast is your personal computer? When peo

4、ple ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule clock inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that set the basic rhythm used throughout the machine. In a computer with a speed of one gigahertz （千兆赫），for example, the crystal licks” a billion times a second. Every

5、 action of the computer takes place in tiny steps, each a billionth of a second long. A simple transfer of data may take only one step; complex calculations may take many steps. All operations, however, must begin and end according to the clocks timing signals.Because most modem computers use a sing

6、le rhythm, we call them synchronous. Inside the computers microprocessor chip, a clock distribution system delivers the timing signals from the crystal oscillator to the various circuits, just as sound in air delivers the beat of a drum to soldiers to set their marching pace. Because all parts of th

7、e chip share the same rhythm, the output of any circuit from one step can serve as the input to any other circuit for the next step. The synchronization provided by the clock helps chip designers plan sequences of actions for the computer.The use of a central clock also creates problems. As speeds h

8、ave increased, distributing the timing signals has become more and more difficult. Present-day transistors can process data so quickly that they can accomplish several steps in the time that it takes a wire to carry a signal from one side of the chip to the other. Keeping the rhythm identical in all

9、 parts of a large chip requires careful to the other. Keeping the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful design and a great deal of electrical power. Wouldnt it be nice to have an alternative?Our research group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories seeks such alternatives. Along w

10、ith several other groups worldwide, we are investigating ways to design computing systems in which each part can proceed at its own pace instead of depending on the rhythm of a central clock. We call such systems asynchronous. Each part of an asynchronous system may extend or shorten the timing of i

11、ts steps when walking across rough terrain.1.What determines the rhythm of the personal computer?2.Why does the author mention sound in air in the second paragraph?3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of the use of a central clock?4.The word “alternative” means（ ）.5.We can inf

12、er from the article that（ ）.问题1选项A.An alarming clock.B.A crystal oscillator.C.Complex calculations.D.The clocks timing signals.问题2选项A.To illustrate the timing signals are delivered in a similar way sound travels in air.B.To show us that timing signals speed can be as fast as that of sound.C.Because

13、the wave of timing signals is similar to the sound wave.D.Because sound is delivered by timing signals.问题3选项A.Distributing the timing signals is more difficult when speeds are higher.B.It has to take a wire to carry a signal from one side of the chip to the other.C.Careful design is necessary to kee

14、p the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip.D.A great deal of electrical power is required to a whole chip synchronous.问题4选项A.methodB.substituteC.answerD.machine问题5选项A.the structure of an asynchronous system is different from that of a synchronous system.B.the central clock sets the rhythm o

15、f parts of an asynchronous systemC.each part of an asynchronous system can change the rhythm of the central clock.D.searching for better replacement for the synchronous system is an international problem.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“How fast is your personal computer? When peopl

16、e ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule clock inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that set the basic rhythm used throughout the machine.你的电脑有多快？当人们问这个问题时，他们通常指的是计算机内部一个微小时钟的频率，它是一个晶体振荡器，设定了整个机器使用的基本节奏。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“在计算机的微处理器芯片中，一个时钟分配系统将

17、晶体振荡器发出的定时信号传送到各个电路中，就像鼓声通过空气传播给士兵，以此来确定他们行进的步伐一样。”由此可推断，这里提到鼓声在空气中传播是为了说明定时信号的传递和声音在空气中传播的方式是类似的，所以选项A正确。3.判断推理题。根据第三段第二句“As speeds have increased, distributing the timing signals has become more and more difficult. 随着速度的提高，定时信号的分配变得越来越困难。”选项A符合原文；根据第三段倒数第二句“Keeping the rhythm identical in all part

18、s of a large chip requires careful design and a great deal of electrical power. 要使一个大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的节奏，需要精心的设计和大量的电力。”选项C和D符合原文。选项B是由于速度过快导致的结果而不是缺点，所以不正确，本题选B。4.词义题。结合原文内容可知，“alternative” 意为“替代品”，选项B与之意思相近。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第一句“Our research group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories seeks such alternatives.

19、Along with several other groups worldwide, 我们在太阳微系统实验室的研究组正在寻找这样的替代品。和世界上其他几个组织一起.”由此可推断，寻找更好的同步系统替代品是一个国际性问题，选项D正确。选项A，B，C均是事实，不是推导出来的，所以不符合题意。5. 单选题Mr. Morton gradually（ ）the knowledge of the subject.问题1选项A.attainedB.requiredC.acquiredD.enquired【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项attain“达到，实现”；B选项 require“要求”；C选项ac

20、quire“获得，学到”；D选项enquire“询问”。句意：Morton先生渐渐掌握了这门课程的知识。选项C更符合语境。6. 单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have

21、the same consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of substance, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, t

22、he rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the

23、millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are the elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force,

24、so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that

25、 their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result

26、 of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffers. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outsi

27、de the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor

28、 market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and e

29、arnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.What does the “labor market problems” refer to?2.The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that（ ）.3.The authors purpose in citing those who are repea

30、tedly unemployed during a year is most probably to show that（ ）.4.According to the passage, one factor that causes our society to overestimate the degree of economic hardship is the（ ）.问题1选项A.A The overall causes of povertyB.Deficiencies in the training of the work forceC.Trade relationships among p

31、roducers of goodsD.Shortage of jobs providing adequate income问题2选项A.more people were employed in the 1930sB.social programs are more needed now.C.unemployment now has less severe effectsD.now there is a greater proportion问题3选项A.there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some me

32、mbers of the labor forceB.unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship the poor workers sufferC.recurrent unemployment in the labor market can cause hardships for individual workersD.a majority of those who are jobless at any time does not suffer severe hardship问题4选项A.recurrence of periods

33、 of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers.B.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC.establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD.prevalence of secondary earners among low-wage workers and the unemployed【答案

34、】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.语义题。根据关键词“labor market problems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因为劳动力市场问题而遭受不幸呢?”下文随即指出“Unemployment does not have the same consequences today. 如今失业不会带来同样的后果。”由此可知，这里的劳动市场问题指的是失业，选项D符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据下文“不断增加的财富、不止一个收入者的家庭增多、失业人群中中等收入者的优势日益显现，以及社会福利保障的改善，这些都毫无疑问地减轻了失业的后果。”由此可推断，作者是想表达现在的失业问题所带来

35、的影响没有那么严重。选项C正确。3.作者意图题。根据题干可以定位到第二段的内容，本段的中心句为段落首句“Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. 然而，我们的社会统计数据在许多方面低估了与劳动力市场相关的困难程度。”接下来进行举例说明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年内多次失业的人，是为了表明统计数据低估了贫困工人所遭受的苦难，所以选项B正确。4.判断推理题。原文第一段指出社会统计数据在许多方面夸大了困难的程度，然后在第一段

36、最后一句指出，计算在贫困统计之内的人大部分是年老者、残疾人或者由于家庭负担不能进入劳务市场者，因此这些贫困统计数据根本就不能精确地反映出劳动力市场所存在的问题。由此可推断，之所以会高估经济困难的程度，是因为建立了记录系统，使得编撰贫穷统计数据成为可能，这些数据不一定是真实情况的反映，所以选项C正确。7. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseMembers shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may, but shall not be obliged to, imp

37、lement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement, provided that such protection does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal syst

38、em and practice.For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “intellectual property” refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Section I through 7 of Part II.Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Members. In respec

39、t of the relevant intellectual property right, the national of other Members shall be understood as those natural or legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971), the Rome Convention and the Treaty

40、on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, were all Members of the WTO members of those conventions. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Paragraph 3 of Article 5 or Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those

41、 provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the “Council for TRIPS”)Criminal law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences of failure to abide by its rules. Every crime is composed of criminal elements. An element of a crime (collectivel

42、y called elements of crime) is a basic set of common law principles regarding criminal liability that, with few exceptions, constitute the essential elements to prove that the defendant committed a crime under United States law. The jury must be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant

43、 committed each element of the particular crime charged before deciding on a guilty verdict. The component parts that make up any particular crime vary depending on the crime. The basic components are mental state (Mens rea), conduct (Actus reus), concurrence and causation. However, the two necessar

44、y elements that must coexist for a crime to exist is that the defendant must have committed an act and that act must have been committed intentionally.【答案】各成员均必须实行本协定中的规定。各成员可以但并无义务，在其法律中实施比本协定要求更广泛的保护，只要此种保护不违反本协定的规定。各成员有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确定实施本协定规定的适当方法。在本协定中，“知识产权”一词系指属于本协定第二部分第1节至第7节中的所有类别的知识产权。各成员应根

45、据本协定的规定给予其它成员以国民待遇。对于相应的知识产权，其它成员的国民被认为是符合巴黎公约（1967）、伯尔尼公约（1971）、罗马公约和关于集成电路的知识产权条约中所规定的保护资格标准的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成员似乎都已加入了这些公约。任一运用了罗马公约第五条第3款或第6条第2款规定的可能性的成员，均应根据这些条款的预告，通知“与贸易有关的知识产权理事会（TRIPS理事会）”。刑法因未能遵守其规定导致的无可匹敌的严重潜在后果而是与众不同的。每项罪行由犯罪要素构成。一项罪行的一个要素（共同地被称为犯罪要素）是一套基本的关于刑事责任的普通法法则，而这些法则极少例外地构成了证明被告在美国法

46、律之下犯罪的基本要素。在确定一项有罪裁定之前，陪审团必须无疑地确信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一个要素。组成任何特定罪行的构成要素依据罪行而变化。基本的要素是心理状态（犯罪意图），行为（犯罪行为），同时发生和起因。然而，对于一项罪行存而必须并存的两个必要要素是被告一定要犯下一个罪行且那个罪行是故意犯下的。8. 单选题The government officials estimate that the war has created more than half a million（ ）who need immediate food, clothing and shelter.问题1选项A.e

47、xilesB.hostagesC.survivorsD.refugees【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项exile“放逐，流放”；B选项hostage“人质，抵押品”；C选项survivor“幸存者”；D选项refugee“难民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官员估计，战争导致50多万难民急需食物、衣服和住所。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题The（ ） bones of an elderly person may fracture easily.问题1选项A.slenderB.brittleC.denseD.firm【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项slender“细长的，苗条的”；B选项brit

48、tle“脆弱的”；C选项 dense“稠密的”；D选项firm“坚定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨头可能容易折断。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题I must leave now.（ ）if you want that book I will bring it tomorrow.问题1选项A.OccasionallyB.AccidentallyC.IncidentallyD.Subsequently【答案】C【解析】副词辨析题。A选项Occasionally“偶尔，间或”；B选项Accidentally“意外地，偶然地”；C选项Incidentally“顺便，附带地”；D选项Subsequently

49、“随后，后来”。句意：我必须得离开了。顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，我明天就带过来。选项C符合语境。11. 单选题I （ ）my eyes round the room but saw nothing unusual.问题1选项A.jerkedB.flungC.tossedD.cast【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项jerk“猛拉”；B选项flung“猛推”；C选项toss“抛，投”；D选项cast“投掷”。cast ones eyes为固定搭配，意为“扫视”。句意：我环视了房间的四周，但没有发现什么异常。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题“Museum” is a slippery wor

50、d. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Platos Academy and Aristotles Lyceum had a mouseion. a muses shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many templesnotably that of Hera at Olympi

51、a (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)-had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters. While paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well

52、as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant M

53、uses shrine.The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasterieswhich focused on the goldenshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, mid later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosit

54、ies: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gemsoften antique engraved onesas well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew

55、 increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which

56、went on inside them-and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even be

57、tter, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational” collections. Soon they multiplied, and gradually, exemplary modem” works were also

58、added to such galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the

59、 way the institution was perceived the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding tool off, allied to the rise of n

60、ew wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-1nsel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Ktmsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the dec

61、line of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of improving collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.1.The sentence Museum is a slippery word in the first paragraph means that（ ）.2.The idea that museu

62、m could mean a mountain or an object originates from（ ）.3.the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined in the third paragraph means that（ ）.4.Paintings and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were（ ）.5.Modern museums come into existence in order to（ ）.6.Which is the main idea

63、of the passage?问题1选项A.the meaning of the word didnt change until after the 15th centuryB.the meaning of the word had changed over the yearsC.the Greeks held different concepts from the RomansD.princes and merchants added paintings to their collections问题2选项A.the RomansB.FlorenceC.OlympiaD.Greek问题3选项A.there was a great demand for fakersB.fakers grew rapidly in numberC.fakers became more skillfulD.fakers became more polite问题4选项A.collected from elsewhereB.made part of the buildingsC.donated by p