2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第191期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he （ ）.问题1选项A.caught coldB.should catch coldC.may catch coldD.would catch cold【答案】B【解析】句意:她在婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。语法题。考查虚拟语气。for fear that表示 “以防万一”,引导从句用虚拟语气: 情态动词should+动词原形(should可省略),故选B。2. 单选题The motion of ocean water

2、（ ）at different depths below the surface.问题1选项A.variesB.modifiedC.altersD.differs【答案】A【解析】句意:在海面下的不同深度，海水的运动是变化的。考查动词辨析。Vary变化; modify 修改，修饰; alter改变，更改; differ相异,有区别,不同于。故A符合句意。3. 单选题All of those present at the meeting considered the combination of theory with practice as （ ）great importance.问题1选项A

3、.forB.veryC.toD.of【答案】D【解析】句意:出席会议的那些人都认为理论与实践相结合非常重要。考查固定搭配。be of +名词=be +名词同源的形容词形式。因此Be of importance=be important。4. 单选题He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his（ ）.问题1选项A.wordB.wordsC.permissionD.saying【答案】B【解析】句意:他是一个值得信赖的人。他从不食言。考查固定搭配。go back on ones words 食言。5. 单选题Rules have be

4、en （ ）for the behavior of the members of the golf club.问题1选项A.lain offB.lain downC.laid offD.laid down【答案】D【解析】句意:针对高尔夫球俱乐部成员行为的制度己被制定。考查短语辨析。四个选项分别是对应动词词组的过去分词形式表被动。Lie off停止工作; lie down躺下（休息或睡眠）; lay off辞 退）工人，脱掉（衣物），放弃; lay down放下,搁下,规定。由关键词rules(制度)可知D符合句意。6. 单选题The result of our survey indicate

5、d that students in the city averaged（ ）of daily self-study this year than last year.问题1选项A.60 minutesB.as many as 60 minutesC.more 60 minutesD.60 minutes more【答案】D【解析】句意:我们的调查结果显示，城市里的学生每天的自学时间相比去年平均増加了 60分钟。语法题。考查比较级。由题干关键词than可以排除A和B。表示“平均比多”用“averagemore than”。故D正确。7. 单选题The year was 1959. Locati

6、on: the central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo. A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was

7、 never heard from again. Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a test tube and forgot about it. A quarter century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained H.I.V, the virus that causes AIDS.And not just

8、 any HIV. The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature. Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaro

9、n Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the studys authors, says a careful genetic analysis of the samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade to the early 50s even the 40s.1.What is the passage about?2.That AIDS spread to other places beside

10、s Africa. The origin of the AIDS epidemic was thought to begin in the （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?4.According to the passage, the man who carried HIV gave blood because he wanted to（ ）.问题1选项A.The fact that HTV and the AIDS virus were first discovered in Africa.B.The role that

11、 Leopoldvilles sample plays.C.That Leopoldvilles sample contributes to solving the puzzle on the origin of AIDS.D.That AIDS spread to other places besides Africa问题2选项A.1940sB.1950sC.1960sD.mid-1980s问题3选项A.The AIDS virus comes from monkeys or chimpanzees.B.The AIDS virus was earliest discovered in Ki

12、nshasa, 1959.C.Before Leopoldville was changed into Kinshasa in name, it was a colony.D.No other AIDS virus discovered anywhere else can be older than the one discovered in Leopoldville.问题4选项A.infect others to take revenge on the whole societyB.earn money to support his familyC.make a name for himse

13、lfD.none of the above【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段描述了Leopoldville 位看似健康的男性到医院抽血,而后指出长达四分之一个世纪后，艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段进一步强调 “并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单”,之后详细介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒的重要意义。因此B项 “Leopoldville的样本所起的作用”比较能概括文章大意。2.判断推理题。文章最后一句指出: .says a careful genetic analysis of the samples DNA pushes the puta

14、tive origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade to the early 50s even the 40s (对该样本的 DNA分析将假定的艾滋病起源时间往前推了至少十年，至20世纪50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推断过去假定的艾滋病起源时间应该是20世纪60年代。3.判断推理题。A:艾滋病毒来源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根据第二段的 “The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve

15、the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans.(Leopoldville的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本，有助于解开艾滋病毒从动物（猴子或者黑猩猩）传播到人类的时间和方式之谜)”可知A项正确。B: 艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被发现,由第一段中的 “A quarter century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic t

16、ook a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS (四分之一个世纪后，也就是20世纪80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次对该部分血液进行研究，从中发现了体免疫缺乏症病毒，这是一种导致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B项错误。C: 在Leopoldville更名为 Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的 “Location: the central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kins

17、hasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo (地点：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在导致比属刚果独立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名为Kinshasa)”可知C项正确。D: 在其他地方没有发现比Leopoldville的样本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的 “The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated.

18、(Leopoldville 的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本)”可知D项正确。故本题选B。4.细节事实题。第一段指出: A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again(应一项由西方国家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血。然后就离开了，从此再也没有听说过他)。A: 为了通过感染他人来报复社会,B: 挣钱养家,C

19、: 让自己成名，均不能通过文章推断出来。故选D。8. 单选题A good education is an （ ）you can fall back on for the rest of your life.问题1选项A.assetB.ethicC.inventoryD.obligation【答案】A【解析】句意:好的教育是你余生能依靠的资产。考查名词辨析。Asset资产,优点,有利条件; ethic道德准则,伦理标准; inventory清单,财产清单,(商店的)存货; obligation义务,职责,责任。因此A符合句意。9. 单选题Scientists recently revealed

20、an instinct in women intact and unaffected by the age of technology. Glancing through glossy art books, Lee Salk noticed that four times out of five Mary is depicted holding the infant Jesus against her left breast The Madonna sparked off a series of experiments and observations to determine on whic

21、h side women hold their babies and why.First he determined that modern mothers still tend to hold their baby on the left. Of 255 right-handed mothers, 83% held the baby on the left. And out of 32 left-handed women, 78% held the baby on the left. As a control, women were watched emerging from superma

22、rkets carrying baby-sized packages; the bundles were held with no side preference.Then, dental patients were given a large rubber ball to hold during treatment. The majority clutched the ball to their left side, even when it interfered with the dentists activities. This suggested that in times of st

23、ress objects are held against the left side.At that point an apparently contradictory phenomenon was observed. A large number of mothers who brought their premature babies to a follow-up clinic were seen to hold their babies against their right side.So, 115 mothers who had been separated from their

24、babies for 24 hours after birth were observed for holding response. The experiments presented the baby directly to the mid-line of the mothers body, and noted that the mothers of the group who had held their baby on the left had already had a baby from which they had not been separated after birth.T

25、he author suggested that the time immediately after birth is a critical period when the stimulus of holding the baby releases a certain maternal response. That is to say, she senses the baby is better off on her left.Left-handed holding enables the baby to hear the heart-beat a sound associated with

26、 the security of the womb. In order to discover whether hearing the heart has a beneficial effect on the baby, the sound of a human heartbeat was played to 102 babies in a New York nursery for 4 days. A control group of babies was not exposed to heartbeats. The babies in the beat group gained marked

27、ly more weight and cried far less than the babies in the control group.1.Why did Lee Salk watch women coming out of supermarkets?2.The word critical in line 1, paragraph 6 means（ ）.3.What is the reason given for the gain in the weight of the babies in the beat group?4.Salks experiments proved that（

28、）.问题1选项A.To see how they carried their babies.B.To see if they were left-handed.C.To see if they carried parcels and babies differently.D.To control them.问题2选项A.very seriousB.extremely importantC.very dangerousD.risky问题3选项A.The sound of the human heartbeat reminds the baby of the security of the wom

29、b.B.The sound of the human heartbeat resembles that of the babys own heartbeat.C.The sound of the human heartbeat resembles that of the mothers heartbeatD.The sound of the human heartbeat is regular and rhythmical.问题4选项A.mothers have an instinct to hold their babies on the left immediately after bir

30、thB.mothers hold their babies on the left only at times of stressC.mothers of premature babies do not have the instinct to hold their babies on the left.D.mothers find it more comfortable to carry their babies on the left because the heart is on that side.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。第二段指出: A

31、s a control, women were watched emerging from supermarkets carrying baby-sized packages; the bundles were held with no side preference(作为对照，观察女性从超市里抱着婴儿大小的包裹从超市走出来时,却发现没有任何方向偏好)。因此推断C项“看看她们是否以不同的方式抱包裹和婴儿”正确。2.词义题。critical 所在句子为: The author suggested that the time immediately after birth is a critica

32、l period when the stimulus of holding the baby releases a certain maternal response.(作者认为“出生后的一段时间是一种想要怀抱婴儿的刺激催化出一定母性反应的时期)。定语从句“when the stimulus of holding the baby releases a certain maternal response(一种想要怀抱婴儿的刺激催化了 -种母性的反应)”修饰先行词critical period,由此推断critical的意思可能为 “非常重要的”。故选B。3.细节事实题。第一段指出: Left-

33、handed holding enables the baby to hear the heart-beat a sound associated with the security of the womb (用左侧怀抱婴儿可以使其听到母亲的心跳声，即一种与子宫安全状态相关的声音),由此可知A “人类心跳的声音提醒婴儿子宫的安全状态”正确。4.判断推理题。A:婴儿出生后，母亲立刻就会有用左侧怀抱婴儿的本能,倒数第二段指出: the time immediately after birth is a critical period when the stimulus of holding the

34、 baby releases a certain maternal response (紧接着分娩的那一时刻非常关键，此时，一种想要怀抱婴儿的刺激催化了某种母性的反应),故A项与原文不符;B:只有在紧张的时候母亲才会把婴儿抱在左边,文章并未提及;C:早产婴儿的母亲没有将自己的婴儿抱在左侧的本能,第四段指出: A large number of mothers who brought their premature babies to a follow-up clinic were seen to hold their babies against their right side (许多母亲带

35、着早产儿随访诊所就医时,是把婴儿抱在右边的),但是并不能推测出C项;D: 母亲发现将自己的婴儿抱在左侧更舒服，因为心脏在左侧,最后一段指出:Left-handed holding enables the baby to hear the heart-beat a sound associated with the security of the womb (.用左侧怀抱婴儿可以使其听到母亲的心跳声，即一种与子宫安全状态相关的声音),由此推测D正确。10. 单选题This（ ） girl is Toms cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little AmericanB.American

36、 pretty littleC.American little prettyD.little American pretty【答案】A【解析】句意:这位漂亮的美国小女孩是Tom的表妹。语法题。考查形容词排列顺序。pretty属于“描绘性形容词”，little属于“表示大小、长短、高低的形容词”，American属于“表示国籍的形容词”。在修饰 名词时，这三类形容词的顺序为描绘性形容词、表示大小、长短、高低的形容 词、表示国籍的形容词。故A符合此顺序。11. 单选题Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant （ ）so much n

37、oise.问题1选项A.resistB.tolerateC.sustainD.undergo【答案】B【解析】句意:一些老年人因不能忍受太多的噪音而不喜欢流行歌曲。考查动词辨析。resist 抵抗，抵制;tolerate 忍受，忍受（令人不愉快的事情或人）；sustain 支撑，承受（负担或指责）；undergo经受，遭受。空格处动词的宾语为noise(噪音)，因此B符合句意。12. 单选题Although （ ）happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in

38、 the world.问题1选项A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管在那个发达国家发生的事情听起来像科幻小说，但是这些事情却可能在世界的其它地方发生。语法题。考查主语从句的引导词。分析题干可知“ happened in thatdeveloped country”为although引导的让步状语从句中的主语从句,空格处应填主语从句引导词,并且在从句中充当主语成分。故选B。13. 翻译题Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.The strategic nature of the threat now

39、 posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic

40、engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life a simplistic notion at best But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This

41、 can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinkin

42、g about the relationship itself.【答案】当前，人类文明对全球环境造成的威胁的战略实质和全球环境的变化对人类文明造成的威胁的战略实质向我们提出了一系列相似的挑战，同时也使我们产生了一些自欺欺 人的期望。有人认为有了某种崭新的终极技术,无论是核能还是基因工程,就可以解决这个问题。还有人则认为只有大力减少我们对技术的依赖才能改善人类的生存环境这种看法充其量是一种简化的看法。然而，真正的解决办法将在彻底改变和最终修复文明与地球间的关系中被找到。要完成这一点，只有通过重新仔细估量导致这种关系在较近时期内发生的剧烈变化的所有各种因素才行。改变我们与地球的关系的途径当然会涉及

43、到新技术的发明和应用，但是关键的改变将与思考这种关系本身的新方式有关。14. 单选题The reason Hollywood is a natural place for making movies is （ ）the sun shines there every day.问题1选项A.whyB.whichC.thatD.because【答案】C【解析】句意:好莱坞作为电影制作自然之地的原因在于那里每天都有太阳照射。语法题。考查从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知空格引导表语从句,而且该引导词不在表语从句中作任何成分,故C正确。15. 单选题Fred tried to get to the door

44、 but the table was （ ）.问题1选项A.in a wayB.on the wayC.in the wayD.by the way【答案】C【解析】句意:Fred打算到门口去，但桌子挡住了路。考查短语辨析。in a way 在某种程度上; on the way 在途中; in the way 妨碍,挡道; by the way附带说一句。故C符合句意。16. 单选题This hotel （ ）$50 for a single room with bath.问题1选项A.claimsB.chargesC.demandsD.prices【答案】B【解析】意:这家酒店带浴室的单间要

45、价50美元。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Claim要求,请求,主张; charge 要价,向前冲; demand要求,查询,需要; price给定价,估价。B符合句意。17. 单选题When you go to a new country, you must（ ） yourself to new manners and customs.问题1选项A.adoptB.fitC.suitD.adapt【答案】D【解析】句意:到一个新国家后，你一定要让自己适应新的礼仪和风俗。考查动词辨析。Adopt采取,接受; fit安装,使合身; suit使适应; adapt使适应,使适合。ada

46、pt oneself to sth. 使自己适应。C项从语义上也符合题干,但是没有suit oneself to sth.的搭配。故选D。18. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English上学是一个特定的形式化了的过程。在不同场合下，它的基本形式大同小异。在全国各地，孩子们几乎在同一时刻到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人传授知识， 使用大致相同的教材，做作业，考试等等。他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断，如字母表或政府的运作，往往受到科目范围的限制。【答案】Schooling is a specific, formalized proces

47、s, whose basic form varies on different occasions. All over the country, children arrive at school at almost the same time, take designated seats, are taught by an adult, use approximately same textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. Some slices of life in reality to be learned by them, such

48、as the alphabet or the workings of government, have usually been limited by the scopes of the subjects to be taught.19. 单选题When British voters go to the polls during General Elections to decide who will govern them, they usually have a choice of at least three candidates who will each represent one

49、of the three main political parties in Britain today.The Labor Party is the party of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represents the right and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own. is the smaller Liberal Party.Britain is divided into over 600 political units known as “const

50、ituencies，each with its own candidates who stand for Parliament hoping to be elected (or re-elected) with large majorities. The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also choose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parli

51、ament at Westminster. Here, in the House, the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabinet - a team of specially selected ministers carries out its duties of governing the country. Various proposals are put forward for debate and discussion and these may, eventually, become part o

52、f the law of the land. The government in office has to face the criticism of the other parties which are in opposition. This is the sort of democratic process that the majority of British people seem to favor. Her Majestys Government is watched over by Her Majestys Opposition, and thus a certain bal

53、ance of power is maintained. Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the Liberals, the National and Regional parties (such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party), and other independent parties can exercise their influence. Some issues may be decided o

54、n a mere handful of votes.1.According to the passage, the Liberal Party could be described as （ ）.2.A constituency is（ ）.3.How can the other parties exercise their influence in Parliament，according to the passage?4.The Cabinet is（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?6.The appropriate t

55、itle for this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.a party with policies of its ownB.the only small party with independent viewsC.a very influential partyD.a small party with no central policy问题2选项A.a place where the General Election is heldB.a political area found only in the larger townsC.an area represented by a

56、n MP in ParliamentD.an area of the country问题3选项A.By remaining independent.B.By supporting various proposals put forward by the major parties.C.Through the Members of Parliament they have chosen.D.Through their combined voting power.问题4选项A.the Prime Ministries private officeB.a ministerial group assi

57、sting the Prime MinisterC.any group of MPs with special responsibilityD.a specially chosen team of ministers from all three political parties问题5选项A.The British voters usually have a choice among at least three candidates.B.The three major parties of Britain are the Labor Party, The Tory Party, and t

58、he Conservative Party.C.The government in office has to face various kinds of criticism from the opposition parties.D.The result of the vote is decided by the opinion of the majority of voters.问题6选项A.The British voting SystemB.British votersC.The Three Major Parties of BritainD.Her Majestys Governme

59、nt【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: .and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own, is the smaller Liberal Party (而介于这个两个政党之间的是较小的自由党，其有自己政治和观点),故A项“一个拥有自己政治的政党”符合原文所述。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also c

60、hoose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster (这些城市和大的城镇各自分为多个选区，并且他们会选举自己的国会议员，以在位于威斯敏斯特的国会大厦中代表自己的观点),故C项 “由一个国会议员所代表的地方”正确。3.细节事实题。最后一段指出: Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the L

61、iberals, the National and Regional parties （such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party）, and other independent parties can exercise their influence (（政府的）决策由大多数选票来决定，当然这一点也是其它政党如自由党，其它独立党派能施加他们的影响的地方),故选D“通过联合起来的投票权”。4.细节事实题。最后一段指出: .the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabi

62、net - a team of specially selected ministers carries out its duties of governing the country (由政府总理和总理的内阁（一组专门选定的大臣）领导的政府执行管理国家的责任),由此可知内阁是“协助总理的大臣团体”。5.细节事实题。A: 英国选民通常可以在三位候选人中做出选择,第一段指出: .they usually have a choice of at least three candidates. (他们一般有至少三位候选人),故A项符合原文所述。B: 英国的三大政党为：工党、托利党和保守党,第二段指出: The Labor Party is the party of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represent