2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷15（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the

2、 present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves, memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grai

3、n because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a comp

4、uter with that of a human being. The instant access memory of large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”- string of alphabetic or numerical characters- ready for instant use. An average U.S teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction

5、 of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of

6、 words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.1.Which of the following is TRUE about

7、memory?2.According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that （ ）.3.What is the authors view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?4.What is the major characteristic of mans memory capacity according to the author?5.Human beings make thems

8、elves different from other animals by（ ）.问题1选项A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every dayB.It is based on the decisions we made in the pastC.It is rooted in our past habits and skillsD.It connects our past experiences with the present问题2选项A.it involves a change in ones behaviorB.it k

9、eeps information for later useC.it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD.it enables one to remember events that happened in the past问题3选项A.Computers have better memory than a child doesB.Computers are as intelligent as a teenager isC.Computers can understand as many as 100,000 wordsD.Human being

10、s are far superior to computers问题4选项A.It can be expanded by languageB.It can remember all the combined wordsC.It may keep all the information in the pastD.It may change what has been stored in it问题5选项A.having the ability to perceive dangerB.having a far greater memory capacityC.having the ability to

11、 recognize faces and places on sightD.having the ability to draw on past experiences【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“大量日常认知的意义、我们做决定的依据和我们的习惯和技能的根源都是我们过去的经历，这些都是被记忆带到现在来的”（The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of o

12、ur habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory），由此可知，记忆能够将过去与现在联系起来，因此选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“记忆不仅仅是记住算数和历史事实这类事情，还包括动物典型行为的改变”（It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any chang

13、e in the way an animal typically behaves），可知选项A“它涉及行为的改变”是正确的，排除；文章第二段第一句话提到“记忆被定义为是一种将信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use），由此可知选项B正确，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠记忆，可以把过去的经验与现在联系起来，选项D“记住过去发生的事情”正确，排除。因此，选项C符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段讲述了计算机强大的存储功能。计算机跟青少年都能记忆十万

14、左右的英语单词，但是单词只是人类记忆中很小的一部分，人类还能记忆很多其他的内容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人脸和地方（However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight），可知人类比电脑要强，因此选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“当语言极大的扩大人

15、能够记住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力时，这需要有巨大的记忆存储量”（But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity），因此选项A“能够扩大存储量”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“可能就是这种记忆存储量将人类与其他动物区分开来”（It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them

16、 apart from other animals），因此选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Brazils constitution（ ）the military use of nuclear energy.问题1选项A.WithdrawsB.objectsC.interruptsD.forbids【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。withdraw“撤销，收回，撤退”；object“反对，拒绝”； Interrupt “中断”； forbid “禁止”。句意：巴西宪法规定禁止军队使用核能。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题High levels of radon have been （ ）in the

17、house.问题1选项A.observedB.noticedC.extractedD.detected【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。observe意为“观察，研究”；notice意为“注意”；extract意为“提取，提炼”；detect意为“查明，发现，侦察出”。句意：房子里发现了高浓度的氡。4. 翻译题Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the lives of all members of society. All the goods and services you buy,

18、the stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used textbook back to the campus book store or to convince your parents to fi

19、nance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importance for students. Many of you will work in marketingwhether in sales, retailing, advertising, or another field-in a for-profit firm or a nonprofit organiza

20、tion. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketingin sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix, marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(细分)and other areas.What does a business firm do in our economy? Reduced to basics, b

21、usinesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in todays competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine peoples needs and wants, and then produce goods and services to satisf

22、y them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its customers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market, since consumers do not buy them.【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有

23、社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销售、广告、营销概念、营销组合、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。企业在我们的经济中扮演什么样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个

24、主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。5. 单选题He believes that （ ）things dont necessarily mean they dont exist.问题1选项A.intangibleB.indispensableC.irresistibleD.visible【答案】A【解析】

25、考查形容词辨析。intangible意为“难以形容（或理解）的，无形的，触不到的”；indispensable意为“不可缺少的”；irresistible意为“无法抗拒的”；visible意为“看得见的”。句意：他认为触摸不到的东西并不一定意味着它们不存在。6. 单选题When making modern cameras people began to （ ）plastics for metal.问题1选项A.surroundB.substanceC.stretchD.substitute【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。surround “包围”；substance “物质；实质”；str

26、etch “伸展，拉紧”；substitute “替代，代替”。句意：在制造现代相机时，人们开始用塑料代替金属。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac（囊）, or alveolus（肺泡）, and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary（毛细血管）are between the air and the blo

27、od. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs.When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into

28、 the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much oxygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is

29、 less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on the lining of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart, which sends it out to all other parts of the bo

30、dy.Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some of its oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in yo

31、ur lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rote to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when yo

32、u are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when you breathe in, or inhale（吸入）, while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or exhale.Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these

33、 ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen（氮）. This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: (1) About one fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into

34、the blood. (2) An almost equal amount of carbon dioxide comes out of the blood into the air. (3) Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated.1.It can be inferred from the passage that oxygen and carbon dioxide（ ）.2.When blood travels back t

35、o the lungs by the heart,（ ）.3.The movement of breathing can effectively（ ）.4.When we breathe out, the amount of nitrogen（ ）.5.The air in the lungs changes through（ ）.问题1选项A.produce energy for breathingB.diffuse immediately in the bloodC.penetrate slowly into the air sacsD.travel in opposite ways in

36、 the lungs问题2选项A.more oxygen was contained in bloodB.more carbon dioxide was contained in the bloodC.less carbon dioxide was contained in an air sacD.less oxygen was contained in an air sac问题3选项A.help the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungsB.prevent the inhaling of excessive carbon di

37、oxideC.keep the regular circulation of bloodD.strengthen the function of breathing muscles问题4选项A.increases a bit because of the exchange of airB.reduces a bit because of the exchange of airC.remains the same as we breathe it inD.keeps the same as that needed in lungs问题5选项A.inhaling some amount of ox

38、ygenB.the evaporation of moistureC.exhaling some amount of carbon dioxideD.generating a passage for evaporation【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章提到气囊中二氧化碳过多会迫使人进行呼吸，而不是说它们为呼吸产生能力，因此选项A可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的后半部分提到“二氧化碳很容易从血液中扩散到气囊中”（while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the

39、 walls into the air sacs），由此可知二氧化碳是扩散到气囊而不是到血液中，所有选项B可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的前半部分提到“所以氧气可以很轻易地通过气囊壁从气囊扩散到血液中”（so oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood），所以选项C“它们都是很慢地渗透到气囊中”说法错误，排除。因此，选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“当血液被心脏送到肺里的时候，它是从身上其他细胞里流回来的，所以流入气囊壁的血液带有很多溶解的二氧化碳和少量的空气”（W

40、hen blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen），所以这个时候血液里的二氧化碳含量会增加，选项B符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“由胸部的运动而产生的呼吸，促进了废气从气囊中排除，为肺部带来新鲜的空气”（B

41、reathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rote to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air），选项A“帮助肺部的氧气和二氧化碳进行交换”符合题意。第4题:细

42、节事实题。文章第四段提到“空气是气体混合而成,其中氮气含量最高，这种气体我们人体不需要，所以当我们吸气和呼气时这种其他的含量是不会变的”（Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen. This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out），选项C“与吸入时一样”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句提到气道和气囊中的水分会一直蒸发直到空气几乎饱和的时候（Moisture from

43、 the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated），选项B“通过水分的蒸发”符合题意。8. 翻译题Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the internationalmarketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of themembers of a given society is constantly s

44、haped by a set of dynamic variablelanguage, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics,technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, aninternational manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture.To some extent, the factual knowledge

45、 can be learned and its interpretationcomes only through experience.one has tolive it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal withcultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around,following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization

46、is afact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor businessapproaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in eachcountry has been compared to an organ transplant, the critical question centersaroun

47、d acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the internationalmanager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or evenblindness.【答案】文化是国际市场中最具挑战性的因素之一。特定社会成员的这种习得行为模式系统是由一系列动态变化的语言、宗教、价值观和习俗、美学、技术、教育和社会制度不断塑造而成的。为了应对这个系统，国际经理需要真实的文化和用于解释文化的知识。在某种程度上，事实知识可以习得，而文化的解释只能来源于

48、经验。在处理文化环境的问题时，最复杂的问题是来自于一个人无法学到文化他必须置身其中。商业世界中存在着两种关于如何处理文化多样性的思想流派。一种是认为全世界的商业都是公事公办，像百事和麦当劳一样。在某些情况下，全球化是无法改变的事实，然而，文化差异还远没有融合。另一种观点认为，企业必须根据不同的文化来调整经营模式。在每个国家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植，关键问题在于接受与否。国际经理面临的主要挑战是确保拒绝接受不是文化近视甚至眼盲的结果。9. 单选题Susan has （ ）the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it

49、 more durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reinforce “加固，加强”；sustain “维持，忍受”；steady “稳固，使坚定”；confirm “确认，确定”。句意：苏珊用皮革补丁将她儿子的肘部进行加固，使它更耐用。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any （ ）on what he promises.问题1选项A.assuranceB.probab

50、ilityC.relianceD.conformity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。assurance “保证，担保”；probability“可能性，机率”；reliance“信赖，信心”；conformity“遵守，适合，符合”。句意：我老板已经让我失望太多次，我不会再对他的承诺抱任何希望。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose obj

51、ectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul, the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same to

52、ken, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom,

53、at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses; to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate

54、 them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive; they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us

55、 to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access

56、 to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subje

57、ct might have several biographies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1.According to the authors an ideal biographer would be one who （ ）.2.

58、The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?4.An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ）.5.In this passage, the author focuses on（ ）.问题1选项A.knows the subject very wel

59、l and yet maintains a proper distance from himB.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC.is independent and treats the subjects with fairness and objectivityD.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject问题2选项A.the best biographies are mean

60、t to transform their readersB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD.biographies can serve different purposes问题3选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readersB.An authentic biography is one authorized by the

61、subjectC.No one can write a perfect biographyD.Authorized biographies have a wider readership问题4选项A.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it usually gives a

62、sympathetic description of the subjects character问题5选项A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB.the secret of a biographer to win more readersC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristics of different kinds of biograp

63、hies【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul, the quality of life.（传记作者必须在关于这个传记对象的两个不稳定的立场之间摇摆。关系太亲密，作者可能会失去客观性。关系不够近，作者可能缺乏足够的激情去努力刻画人物的思想、灵魂这些生活的本质）可知A选项“非常了解这个传记对象，并与其保持适当的距离”符合题意。