2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第37期

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题At the news, the demonstrators who had put the foreign goods under a boycott for several months protested but（ ）.问题1选项A.to naughtB.to nothingC.to no availD.to void【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: naught “无价值”；B: nothing “无”；C: no avail “无效”；D: void “空虚，空间”。句意：新闻中那些连续几个月联合抵

2、制国外商品的示烕者一直在抗议，但是没有用。结合词义，C为正确答案。2. 单选题Im（ ）on going to that flower show. I believe there are some specimens of Caration that Im interested in.问题1选项A.keenB.acuteC.shrewdD.enthusiastic【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be keen on doing sth.表示“渴望;热切;热衷于”。句意：我非常想要去看花展，我相信有一些我感兴趣的标本。结合句意，A为正确答案。3. 单选题The amount of heat pr

3、oduced by this electrical apparatus is（ ）at will by turning a small handle.问题1选项A.variableB.variousC.differentD.diverse【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: variable “可变的” ；B: various “各种各样的”；C: different “不同的”；D: diverse “不同的”。句意：由这个电子设备产生的热量是可变的-任意转动一个小的操按钮即可。根据句意，判断出A为正确答案。4. 单选题It was with great delight that I

4、read in your February（ ）the letter to the editor written by Prof. Johnson.问题1选项A.issueB.printingC.magazineD.copy【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: issue “（报刊或杂志）期刊” ；B: printing “印刷;印刷术”；C: magazine “杂志”；D: copy “一份；复制品”。句意：非常高兴拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载有关约翰逊教授致编辑的信。结合此处语义，A为正确答案。5. 单选题By adapting to your mental condition, y

5、ou can（ ）more in less time.问题1选项A.complementB.implementC.complimentD.accomplish【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: complement “补足”；B: implement “实施”；C: ;compliment “恭维”；D: accomplish “完成”。句意：通过调整你的心理状态，你能在更短的时间里完成更多任务。结合句意，故D为正确答案。6. 单选题The president placed a wreath on the monument to the heroes and then made a sp

6、eech to pay（ ）to the great achievements of the martyrs.问题1选项A.complimentB.gratitudeC.tributeD.commendation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: compliment “恭维；敬意”；B: gratitude “感激”；C: tribute “致敬；悼念”；D: commendation “表扬；嘉奖状”。 句意：总统在纪念碑上放了一个花圈敬给英雄们，然后，发表讲话，以致敬烈士的伟大成就。根据语境和句意，C最合适。7. 单选题It is natural for me to（ ）on hi

7、s motives for the visits for we have not been on speaking terms for many years.问题1选项A.reflectB.supposeC.speculateD.meditate【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A: reflect on “仔细想；回忆；反省”；B: suppose on“猜想”；C: speculate on “推测；猜测；推断”；D: meditate on“沉思；打算”。句意：我很自然地猜测到他访问的动机，因为我们多年来一直没有谈过话。根据语境和句意，这里所指的是猜测、推测，因此C最合适。8. 单选题Th

8、e inauguration of the new president will be held at 8 oclock（ ）.问题1选项A.sharplyB.rightC.promptD.punctually【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A: sharply “严厉地；锋利地”；B: right “立刻” ; C: prompt “迅速的； 敏捷的”；D: punctually “准时地”。 句意：新总统的就职典礼将于8点准时举行。根据前文“在八点”得知表示时间的准点，因此可知D为正确答案。9. 单选题My（ ）is for wild flowers rather than cult

9、ivated ones.问题1选项A.inclinationB.favoriteC.preferenceD.fondness【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: inclination “意向；倾向；爱好”；B: favorite “特别喜爱的人（或物）”；C: preference “喜好；偏好；偏爱”；D: fondness “喜欢；喜爱”。 句意：我偏爱野生花而不是栽培花。根据语境和句意，这里含有比较级结构，因此C最合适。10. 单选题Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American

10、city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pu

11、lled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern erA.In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who would afford i

12、t could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and

13、 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan areA.Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of com

14、muting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty yearslots that could have housed five to six million people.Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities.

15、 These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanneD.It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared

16、 land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city, borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than

17、 population growth.1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?2.The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT（ ）.3.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?4.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of re

18、sidential expansion?5.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city（ ）.问题1选项A.Types of mass transportation.B.Instability of urban life.C.How supply and demand determine land use.D.The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.问题2选项A.growth in city areaB.separati

19、on of commercial and residential districtsC.changes in life in the inner cityD.increasing standards of living问题3选项A.To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.B.To show that mass transit changed many cities.C.To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.D.To contrast their ra

20、tes of growth.问题4选项A.It was expensive.B.It happened too slowlyC.It was unplanneD.D.It created a demand for public transportation.问题5选项A.that is largeB.that is used as a model for land developmentC.where land development exceeded population growthD.with an excellent mass transportation system【答案】第1题:

21、D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提出“Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways.” 中文翻译为大众运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。后文分别对这三个方面进行了介绍。因此答案为D选项：公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people

22、 and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. ” 中文翻译为：它促进城市实物性的扩张，它把人和土地分类，加速了城市生活的内在不稳定性。可以得知D选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词Boston and Chicago可以定位到文章第一段中“By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and elect

23、ric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern era.” 中文翻译为：公共汽车、马铁、通勤列车和电动手推车把大 片空置的土地开放给居民居住，使他们的居住地向外移动，距离市中心的距离是前现代时期的2至4倍。然后文章分别以芝加哥和波士顿为例子。因此，B最符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词one disadvantage of residential expansion定位到原文第二段 “T

24、hese excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanneD.It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users.”，中文翻译为：“.这些过度行为突出了与大众交通增长有关的住宅扩张的一

25、个特点：城市的扩张基本上是没有计划的。这是由数以千计的小投资者进行的，他们对协调的土地使用或未来的土地使用者漠不关心。”故C最符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位 “Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.” 中文翻译为：芝加哥就是这一过程的主要例子。那里的房地产细分比人口增长速度快得多。可以得知C项最为符合。11. 单选题Evidence came up（ ）specific speech

26、sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.问题1选项A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose【答案】C【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：有证据表明，婴儿在6个月大时就能识别特定的语音。结合此处语境，come up意为“发生；出现”，则后文不接宾语，此外空格后是完整的句子，因此，后文是充当evidence的同位语，则C项that引导同位语从句。因此C为正确答案。12. 单选题The greatest advantage of the market economy is that it can（ ）the dist

27、ribution of the natural resources and manpower.问题1选项A.optimizeB.maximizeC.minimizeD.allocate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: optimize “使最优化；使尽可能有效” ；B: maximize “最大化”；C: minimize “最小化”；D: allocate “分配”。句意：市场经济的最大优势是它能最优化自然资源和人力的分配。结合语境，由前文谈及了市场经济的优势，以及宾语“distribution分配”可知，A为正确答案。13. 单选题The destruction of these

28、treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could（ ）.问题1选项A.stand up forB.make up forC.come up withD.put up with【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A: stand up for “支持；坚持” ；B: make up for “补偿，弥补”；C: come up with “追赶上；提出”；D: put up with “忍受，容忍”。句意：对人类而言，这些宝物的破坏是一种无法用金钱弥补的损失。结合此处语境，后文写道没有金钱可以弥补，故B为正确答案。14. 单选题

29、Under the reign of the dictatorial powers, all the periodicals to which the library（ ）must be scrutinized by a committee of censorship.问题1选项A.subscribesB.contributesC.subtractsD.rakes【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。subscribe to “预订，同意，订阅”。句意：在独裁政权统治下，图书馆订阅的所有期刊都必须接受审查委员会的审查。根据句意可知A为正确答案。15. 单选题She was a great help

30、to her family when her father suffered a mental（ ）and had to be hospitalized.问题1选项A.destructionB.disasterC.damageD.collapse【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: destruction “破坏，毁灭” ；B: disaster “灾难；不幸”；C: damage “损害”；D: collapse “崩溃；衰弱”。句意：当她的父亲精神上受到伤害，不得不住院时，她对家人帮助很大。根据句意，精神伤害应为mental damage，故C为正确答案。16. 翻译题Directio

31、ns: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet.科学这个词似乎具有某种魅力。它一旦被提出，就应该立即得到认可，而不允许有任 何可能的讨论。这种需要人们立即认可的情况出现在广告中，但是基本上不合情理。要知 道，科学不是一种信条，也不是神灵向人类揭示物。它是人类思维的产物，因此是可以讨 论和修正的。科学绝无绝对真理，通常只有相对性。它以人的观察和经骑为基础，对人类 知识进行逻辑性的总结，然而人的观察和经骑总是有限的而且缺少一定的精

32、确性。至于那 些用来对经验事实进行归类的逻辑则完全是我们大脑的产物。我们选择我们认为有着逻辑 联系的实验结果，而忽略许多不符合我们自己“逻辑”的事实。这种相当人为的选择结果是我 们自己的事。对此，我们非常得意，以至于主张这些人为选择的结果应该被当作“自然规律” 来对待。【答案】The word- science-seems to contain some magic power. If put forward, it should bring about immediate consent, with no possible discussion. This situation is expl

33、oited for advertisement, but it is basically unsounD.Science is not a creeD.It was not revealed to man by some superior deity. Science is a product of the human brain, and as such, it is always open to discussion and possible revision. There is no absolute truth in it: rather relativity is its rule.

34、 It represents a logical summary of human knowledge, based on human observation and experience, both of which are always of limited range and finite accuracy. As for the logic introduced into the classification of empirical facts, it is typically a product of our brain. We select experimental result

35、s that appear to us as logically connect together, and we ignore many facts that do not fit into our-logiC.This rather artificial procedure is our own invention and we are so proud of it that we insist its results should be considered as- laws of nature.17. 单选题As civilization（ ）in the direction of t

36、echnology, it passes the point of supplying all the basic essentials of life- food, shelter and clothes.问题1选项A.processesB.precedesC.proceedD.exceeds【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A: process “加工，处理” ；B: precede “领先”；C: proceed “行进”；D: exceed “超过”。句意：随着文明朝着科技的方向前进，它改变了生活最基本的要素食物、住所和衣服。结合此处题干：朝着科技的方向，判断出C选项为正确答案。18.

37、单选题The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly（ ）source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilize.问题1选项A.exploitedB.quantifiableC.controversialD.inexhaustible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: exploited “开采；利用”；B: quantifiable “可以计量的”；C: controversial “有争议的”；D: inexhaustible “无穷无尽

38、的”。 句意：热带植物绝对的多样性似乎表明有无穷无尽的原材料资源，而这些原材料只有小部分被使用。根据语境和句意可知D最合适。19. 单选题In fact, the U.S Congress（ ）to the British Parliament as they both have the right to make laws.问题1选项A.agreesB.correspondsC.matchesD.coincides【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: agree “同意”；B: corresponds (to) “相当于”；C: match “匹配”；D: ; coincide “一致”

39、。句意：事实上，美国国会相当于英国议会，因为它们在制定法律方面权力相同。此处使用固定搭配coincide with，故B为正确答案。20. 单选题Under the present system, state enterprises must（ ）all profits to the government.问题1选项A.turn downB.turn toC.turn outD.turn in【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A: turn down “减少；关小” ；B: turn to“求助于”；C: turn out “结果是；关掉”；D: turn in “上交；归还”。句意：在现行制度下，国有企业必须向政府上交全部利润。根据语境可知D为正确答案。