2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第41期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Parks and open spaces are essential to the quality of life in dense （ ）areas such as New York City.问题1选项A.agriculturalB.ruralC.suburbanD.urban【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。agricultural农业的；rural乡村的；suburban郊区的；.urban城市的。句意：公园和空地对于像纽约这样人口密集的城市地区的生活质量来说是必不可少的。选项D符合语境。2. 单选题On O

2、ctober 11th, 1994, John Forbes Nash, Jr. won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in game theory.Nash began his Ph.D. at Princeton in 1948 when he was just 20. While he was still only 21, lie wrote a 27-page doctoral dissertation on game theory (博弈论)the mathematics of competition. The great John von

3、Neuman, then at Princeton, had treated win-lose competitions. Now Nash showed how to construct mathematical situations in which both sides won. He found stable situations where no person continues to profit from competition.Nash introduced something totally new. And he drew the attention of theoreti

4、cal economists. They turned game theory into a tool. This young genius had succeeded.He went on to MIT and for eight years greatly impressed the mathematical world. He worked in economics. He even invented the game of Hex, marketed by parker Brothers. He married in 1957. New York Times writer Silvia

5、 Nasar tells how Fortune Magazine singled him out in July 1958 as Americas brilliant young star of the “new mathematics”. Everything was going smoothly.Then, disaster! Mental illness overtook him. Hed once astonished mathematicians with his unlikely results. Now his results stopped making sense, and

6、 the dividing line wasnt clear at first. He began looking for secret messages in numbers.Psychologists of the 1950s claimed that his wifes pregnancy had tipped him over the edge. Nice thing to lay on a woman already stressed to the edge by her husbands collapse! The marriage ended, but she housed hi

7、m, back in Princeton.For 25 years, mental illness controlled John Nash. It was in the mid-1980s that Nash at last learned to manage his illness and, once again, he could do mathematics. Meanwhile, game theory had become a staple tool of business and economics. All the writing in that field points ba

8、ck to Nashs seminal work. Finally, Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics.1.Nash won the Nobel Prize（ ）.2.The word “They” (Para.3) refers to（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true?4.Why do you think Nash made his achievement in the field of mathematics but was honored with the Nobel Priz

9、e for economics instead?5.The purpose of this article might be（ ）.问题1选项A.for pioneering work in establishing a theoryB.for combining mathematics with economicsC.for greatly impressing the mathematical world for 8 yearsD.for his merit问题2选项A.theoretical economistsB.Nash and his colleaguesC.Nash and ot

10、her scientistsD.competitors问题3选项A.Nashs wife divorced him, but gave him a house as a gift.B.Nashs wife agreed that her pregnancy contributed to Nashs mental collapse.C.The author thinks its right to blame Nashs wife for his mental collapse.D.The author thinks its unfair to blame Nashs wife for his m

11、ental collapse.问题4选项A.Because his game theory drew the attention of theoretical economists.B.Because his game theory has become a staple tool of business and economics.C.Because he turned his game theory into a tool.D.Because Nash was an economist.问题5选项A.to tell a story of a mathematics geniusB.to d

12、epict a mathematics geniusC.to tell the readers about John Forbes Nash. Jr.D.to tell how Nash conquered his mental illness【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的内容“John Forbes Nash, Jr.因博弈论的开创性工作获得诺贝尔奖。”选项A符合原文。第2题:语义题。根据第三段的内容“Nash introduced something totally new. And he drew the attenti

13、on of theoretical economists. They turned game theory into a tool.”Nash介绍了一些全新的东西。他引起了理论经济学家的注意。他们把博弈论变成了一种工具。由此可知，这里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoretical economists”。所以选项A正确。第3题:判断推理题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The marriage ended, but she housed him, back in Princeton.”离婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯顿。而不是送了一套房子给他，所以选项A错误；根据倒数第二段第一句“Psycho

14、logists of the 1950s claimed that his wifes pregnancy had tipped him over the edge.”20世纪50年代的心理学家们声称，他妻子的怀孕让他陷入了崩溃的边缘。但原文并没有说这是导致他精神崩溃的原因，所以选项B错误；再根据倒数第二段第二句“Nice thing to lay on a woman already stressed to the edge by her husbands collapse! ”虽然英文表达为感叹句，但其实这里应该翻译为：将责任归因于一位因精神崩溃的丈夫而背负巨大压力的女性真的好吗？潜在意思

15、是说，这是不公平的，所以选项C错误，选项D正确。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段最后几句“Meanwhile, game theory had become a staple tool of business and economics. All the writing in that field points back to Nashs seminal work. Finally, Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics.”与此同时，博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具。相关领域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意义的 研究成果。最后，Nash获得

16、了诺贝尔经济学奖。由此可知，是因为Nash的博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具，所以他获得的是诺贝尔经济奖。选项B正确。第5题:主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是Nash的一生。他虽然精通数学领域，但他获得的却是诺贝尔经济奖。所以选项A和B错误；选项D“讲述Nash是如何战胜精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以选项D错误；选项C为正确答案。3. 单选题All the memories of his childhood had （ ）from his mind by the time he was 65.问题1选项A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.con

17、cerned【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fade “褪色，凋谢，逐渐消失”；illustrate “阐明，举例说明”；confine “限制；禁闭”；concern “关系，与有关”，memory “记忆”。句意：在他65岁的时候所有关于童年的记忆都消失了。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication （ ）.问题1选项A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。tragedy悲剧，灾难；vacuum

18、真空；question问题，疑问；barrier障碍，界线。句意：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的眼神交流可能会造成沟通障碍。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题You shouldnt have written in the （ ）since the book belongs to the library.问题1选项A.intervalB.borderC.marginD.edge【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。interval间隔，间距；border边境，边界；margin边缘，页边的空白；edge边缘，优势。句意：你不应该写在页边的空白处，因为这本书是属于图书馆的。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题The of

19、fer of a free overseas tour （ ）him into buying the villa on the hillside.问题1选项A.discouragedB.committedC.temptedD.tangled【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。discourage阻止，使气馁；commit犯错，委托；tempt诱惑，引起；tangle使纠缠。句意：因为提供免费的境外旅游诱使他买下了山坡上的别墅。选项C更符合语境。7. 单选题Some diseases are （ ）by certain water animals.问题1选项A.transplantedB.transf

20、ormedC.transportedD.transmitted【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。transplant移植；transform改变，变换；transport运输；transmit传输，传播。句意：有些疾病是由某些水生动物传播的。这里指疾病的传播，所以选项D正确。8. 单选题Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car an

21、d Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the “Car of the Future”. They featured unconventional styling and things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesnt do anything that my brothers Studebaker didnt do. It goes, it st

22、ops, it burns gasoline, it plays music. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I dont steer it carefully.But guess what? All of these things are subject to change in the not-so-distant future. It will still go and stop, but it may not burn gasoline. I may not have to steer it, an

23、d it may be a lot better at not running into things.Airbags arent the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions（碰撞）, they obviously still need some development. But they arent going away, and in

24、fact you can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.Better than systems to minimize（使减少到最低限度）injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first

25、 place. Future cars may be able to eliminate many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, tailgating and sleepiness. Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a drivers system and prevent the car from being started, for example. Many accidents are caused by pe

26、ople following the car in front too closely. As early as next year, youll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines youre closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle. For city streets, expect other radar devices that will give adv

27、ance warning that the car in front of you has slowed suddenly and you should step on the brakesor that may even brake for you.Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves? Theres no reason to think it wont be technically possible, and Mercedes is working on a system that can brake, accelerate an

28、d steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Nobody really expects people to give up all control to their cars, but such systems could be used as failsafe（安全的）systems to keep cars on the road and bring them safely to a stop even if the driver suddenly became disabled.1.The author was fascinated by c

29、ars because_.2.By say “my car doesnt do anything that my brothers Studebaker didnt do” (Line-5-6, para. 1), the author means that .3.Which of the following statements is true of airbags?4.What will future cars do if the sensors detect alcohol in the drivers system?5.Which of the following statements

30、 is true according to the last paragraph?问题1选项A.other small boys liked to own a car of their own, tooB.he read exotic things about cars in his brothers magazinesC.his oldest brother loved to take him to places in his carD.he subscribed to cool car magazines问题2选项A.my car is far better than my brother

31、s wasB.my car is not as good as my brothers wasC.not much has changed in the performance of cars so farD.much improvement has been made in the design of cars recently问题3选项A.They are in need of further improvement.B.They are going to disappear gradually.C.They kill people instead of protecting them i

32、n low-speed collisions.D.They are a standard feature of European cars.问题4选项A.They will give a warning in advance.B.They will brake automatically.C.They will ease up on throttle.D.They will not start.问题5选项A.People will give up all control to their cars.B.Cars will be able to drive themselves.C.No car

33、s will ever break down on the roads.D.Cars will all be equipped with failsafe systems.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Dri

34、ver and Motor Trend.”和许多其他小男孩一样，我对汽车很着迷，尤其是因为我的哥哥是个汽车迷，订阅了汽车与司机和汽车趋势等很酷的杂志。由此可知，选项A“和其他男孩一样想拥有自己的车”和原文不符，作者只是说自己和其他男孩一样对汽车着迷；选项B“作者在哥哥的杂志上读到有关汽车的新奇事物”符合原文；选项C在文中没有提及；选项D是作者哥哥订阅的杂志而不是他自己，所以错误。第2题:语义题。这句话的意思是“我的车不能做任何我哥哥的车所不能做的事”。根据下文的内容“It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline, it plays music. I still ha

35、ve to steer it, and it still runs into things if I dont steer it carefully.”它前进，它停止，它燃烧汽油，它播放音乐。我仍然需要操纵它，如果我不小心操纵，它仍然会撞到东西。以及第二段首句“But guess what? All of these things are subject to change in the not-so-distant future.”但你猜怎么着？所有这些都可能在不久的将来发生变化。也就是说，到目前为止，汽车的性能并没有发生改变，它还是需要人来操控。所以选项C为正确答案。第3题:细节事实题。根

36、据第三段第二句“considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions, they obviously still need some development.”考虑到最近的新闻，安全气囊在低速碰撞中偶尔会使人丧生，显然安全气囊仍然需要一些改进。选项A符合原文。选项B与原文“But they arent going away.”不符；根据第二句中的关键词“occasionally”可知，选项C表述太绝对；选项D在文中没有提及。第4题:细

37、节事实题。根据关键词“alcohol”定位到倒数第四段“Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a drivers system and prevent the car from being started, for example.”例如，汽车可以配备传感器，检测驾驶员身体中的酒精含量，从而防止汽车启动。由此可知，选项D“它们不会启动”正确。第5题:细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves? Theres no reas

38、on to think it wont be technically possible.”汽车最终能自动驾驶吗？没有理由认为这在技术上是不可能的。由此可知，选项B正确；根据最后一段第三句“Nobody really expects people to give up all control to their cars.”没有人真的希望人们完全放弃对汽车的控制，所以选项A不正确；选项C和D在文中没有提及。9. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment, in which be

39、tter education and beneficial technology would （ ）wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.ensureB.maintainC.certifyD.console【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ensure “保证，确保，使安全”；maintain “维持”；certify “证明，保证”；console “安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人认为他们正匆忙进入一个空前教化的时代，在这里更好的教育、更有利的科技可以确保人们健康和有足够的休闲时间。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Consumers are being confus

40、ed and misled by the hodge-podge （大杂烩）of environmental claims inhale by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of f

41、lour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.The study was written and researched by Britains National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commissio

42、n.“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain,

43、 Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the clai

44、ms, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.“Many products had specially

45、-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list w

46、ith 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. he said.The ISO labeling standards can vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we ar

47、e now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO”, said page.1.According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that（ ）.2.As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers（ ）.3.A study was carried out by Britains NCC to（ ）.4.What is o

48、ne of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?5.It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to（ ）.问题1选项A.all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standardsB.consumers would believe many of the manufactures claimC.the claims made b

49、y products are often unclear or deceivingD.few products actually prove to be environment friendly问题2选项A.are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB.are still not willing to pay more for products with green labelingC.are becoming more aware of the effects different products h

50、ave on the environmentD.still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment问题3选项A.examine claims made by products against ISO standardsB.inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buyC.find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environme

51、ntal standardsD.revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization问题4选项A.They are likely to lead to serious environmental problemsB.Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the falseC.They could arouse widespread anger among consumerD.Consumers will be tempted to buy prod

52、ucts they dont need问题5选项A.warn consumers of the danger of so-called green productsB.see all household products meet environmental standardsC.make product labeling satisfy ISO requirementsD.verify the efforts of non-polluting products【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是 “NCC最不能忍受的是什么？”文章第

53、二段提到“报道中不能让人忍受的是德国蚯蚓之友化肥，无污染面粉，还有英国的环境友好厕纸”（Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting”），即不能忍受这些宣传，原因在第七段：近2000种产品并没有像他们标榜的那样对环境无害，很多都不符合ISO的标准（Researchers documented claims of environm

54、ental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards），由此可知，上面的那些宣传在虚假夸大，选项C “产品的宣传经常很模糊或者带有欺骗性”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是消费者的反映。文章第四段提到“尽管现在很多产品的宣传都很美好，但是需要清楚的是消费者仍然无法知道他们买的产品对于环境的影响有多大”（While many good and useful claims are being made, it is cle

55、ar there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy），选项D“仍然不知道不同产品对环境的影响”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到了NCC做这个调查的目的：用ISO的标准来检测一些特定的产品，比如杀虫剂，探究这些产品的说明是否符合标准（The report focused on claims made by specific products such as detergent insec

56、t sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999），选项A符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章倒数第二段最后一句话提到“如此高的数字表明消费者很难从这些误导人的产品中分辨出正确的产品”（The high numbers show how very confusing it must be f

57、or consumers to sort the true from the misleading），选项B“消费者很难分清真伪”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句提到“我们现在正在推动让跨国公司达到ISO的标准”（What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO），选项C“让产品标签符合ISO的标准”符合题意。11. 单选题While the doctor analyzed the patients condition, his

58、 family waited outside in considerable （ ）.问题1选项A.tensionB.anticipationC.eagernessD.anxiety【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。tension意为“拉紧，（精神、局势等）紧张。”；anticipation意为“期待，希望”；eagerness意为“渴望，热心，热切”；anxiety意为“焦虑，挂虑，忧虑”。句意：医生分析病人的病情时，他的家人在外面相当焦急地等待着。12. 单选题A hush fell over the guests who had（ ）for the wedding celebration.

59、问题1选项A.assembledB.participatedC.attendedD.summoned【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assemble “集合，聚集”；participate “参与，分享”；attend “参加”；summon “召唤，召集”。句意：为结婚庆典而聚在一起的客人们安静下来了。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题At night, cars often （ ）small animals that are blinded by the headlights.问题1选项A.run overB.held upC.took apartD.drove at【答案】A【解析】词组

60、辨析题。run over碾过；hold up举起；take apart拆开；drive at用意所在。句意：晚上，汽车经常碾过被车头灯照懵了的小动物。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said. “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would arg

61、ue with Fords statements. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and managements, stock prices and labor problems of corporatio

62、ns are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the police of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the mos