2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师点拨押题密卷36（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题She decided to（ ）her studies after obtaining her first degree.问题1选项A.recognizeB.pursueC.accomplishD.ensure【答案】B【解析】句意:在取得她的第一个学位后,她决定继续她的学业。考查动词辨析。recognize 识别,承认;pursue 继续,从事,追赶; accomplish 完成,实现,达到;ensure 保证,确保,使安全。因此B符合句意。2. 单选题Nuclear weapons are not the on

2、ly explosive force（ ）civilization.问题1选项A.frighteningB.brighteningC.strengtheningD.threatening【答案】D【解析】句意:核武器不是威胁人类文明的唯一爆破力。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式作explosive force的后置定语。frighten 使惊吓,吓唬;brighten (使)更明亮,色彩鲜艳,(使)快活起来;strengthen 加强,巩固;threaten 威胁,恐吓。因此D符合句意。3. 单选题The young womans heart revolted against

3、so（ ）a charge, and when she saw that she could attempt to do nothing to save her protector, she wept bitterly.问题1选项A.blessedB.monstrousC.heinousD.grievous【答案】C【解析】句意:年轻的夫人坚决地抗议这种污蔑。当她发现自己无力拯救保护人吋，便痛苦地哭泣起来。考查形容词辨析。blessed 幸福的，受祝福的，神圣的;monstrous巨大的，怪异的；heinous极恶毒的，道德败坏的，可恨的；grievous 痛苦的，剧烈的。因此C符合句意。4.

4、 单选题 ）the afternoon.问题1选项A.regainedB.recoveredC.restoredD.revived【答案】A【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain 恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover 恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore 恢复,还原;revive 复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。5. 单选题A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers e

5、xamines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830s through the early 1890s. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packing-houses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. B

6、ecause the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880s, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers efforts were par

7、t of the national movement for labor reform.In fact, other historical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University o

8、f Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packing-houses unsanitary, while social workers observed that most of the

9、workers were poorly paid and overworked.The history may be too optimistic because most of its data from the 1880s and the information provided from that decade are insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880s and continued to decline after the 1880s, due to a reorganization of

10、the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing-houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish betwe

11、en the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industrys workers from the 1880s on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting,

12、 and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched. The authors misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys fault

13、y generalizations.The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packers the giant yards and the intricate plants - than of the unity and vibrancy(活跃)of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community on Chicagos South Side. Inde

14、ed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.1. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing（ ）.2.The author of the passage mentions all of the following as describing negative

15、 conditions in the meat-packing industry EXCEPT（ ）.3.The author of the passage mentions the “social movement” (in the last paragraph) generated by Chicagos South Side community primarily in order to（ ）.4.According to the passage, the working conditions of skilled workers in the meat-packing industry

16、 during the 1880s were influenced by（ ）.5. The author of the passage uses the second paragraph to（ ）.问题1选项A.how historians ought to explain the origins of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industryB.why it is difficult to determine the actual nature of the conditions in the Chicago meat-pac

17、king industryC.why a particular account of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry is inaccurateD.what ought to be included in any account of the Chicago meat-packers role in the national labor movement问题2选项A.data from the University of ChicagoB.social workersC.a recent history of the me

18、at-packing industryD.historical sources for the late nineteenth century问题3选项A.inform the reader of events that occurred in the meat-packing industry after the period of time covered by the historyB.introduce a new issue designed to elaborate on the good relationship between the meat-packers and Chic

19、agos ethnic communitiesC.salvage the historys point of view by suggesting that there were positive developments in the meat-packing industry due to worker unityD.suggest the historys limitations by pointing out a situation that the history failed to explain adequately问题4选项A.the workers determined co

20、mplaints about the rate and conditions of their workB.the efforts of social workers to improve sanitation in the packing-housesC.the workers ability to perform the industrys complex tasksD.improvements in the industrys packing process that occurred in the 1880s问题5选项A.summarize the main point of the

21、history discussed in the passageB.explain why the history discussed in the passage has been disparaged by criticsC.evaluate the findings of recent studies that undermine the premises of the history discussed in the passageD.present evidence that is intended to refute the argument of the history disc

22、ussed in the passage【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出: The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform (这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工 历史上重要时期的事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工

23、改革运动的一部分)以及第三段指出:The authors misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty generalizations (作者对肉类加工商对其工业区的感受的起源的误解，可能是历史错误概括的原因)。因此该文章主要讨论“为何有关芝加哥肉类加工业情况的叙述是错误的”。2.细节事实题。题干问:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉类包装行业负面状况的内容，除了。A:来

24、自芝加哥大学的资料,第二段指出: Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work(来自芝加哥大学的附加资料表明肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社会工作者, 由第二段中 “while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked(与此同吋，社会工作者发现大多数工人收入非常差且工作过度)”可知

25、B正确。C:肉类加工业的近代史, 第一段指出: Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packing-houses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的 原因是该行业

26、的劳工关系非常和睦),因此C项错误。D:第二段指出:In fact, other historical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions(事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和

27、婴儿死率),由此可知D正确。因此本题选C。3.判断推理题。第一段指出: The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packing-house workers5 efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform (这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工历史上重要吋期的这个事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运 动的一部分),故选D“通过指出这段历史记录未能适当地

28、解释的一种情况表现这段历史记录的局限性”。4.细节事实题。第三段指出: While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process （though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent）, pay and conditi

29、ons for the latter were wretched (虽然前者（即有技能的肉类加工工人）的状况因其在复杂的屠宰、切割和包装步骤中的关键重要性可能是可容忍的（尽管工人经常抱怨工作的速度和条件），但是后者的（即没有技能的肉类加工工人）的收入和状况却是无法容忍的),因此C项“这些工人去履行这个行业复杂工作的能力”正确。5.判断推理题。第一段首先指出近代史的作者辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦。第二段说: In fact, other historical sources for the lat

30、e-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work (事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历

31、史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿死亡率。来自芝加哥大学的附加资料暗示肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),由此看出第二段是对第一段内容的反驳。故选D“提出证据来反驳文中讨论的这段历史记录的论据”。6. 单选题We have a team of professional consultants who will partner with our clients to develop （ ）training courses.问题1选项A.regularizedB.unifiedC.specifiedD.customized【答案】D【解析】句意:我们有

32、一个专业的顾问团队,其将与我们的客户合作开发定制的培训课程。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Regularized 使有规则( regularize的过去式和过去分词), 使有秩序, 调整; unified 使联合( unify的过去式和过去分词 ),使相同,使一致; specified 指定( specify的过去式和过去分词),详述;提出的条件; customized定制,定做( customize的过去式和过去分词 )。故D符合句意。7. 单选题Birds that are literally half asleepwith one brain hemisphere a

33、lert and the other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye co

34、ntrolled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough

35、, in the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing（打盹）at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotat

36、ing 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing lime versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneo

37、usly in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen i

38、t in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror. The niirroi-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half-sleeping might be, ifs only been found in birds and such water mammals （哺乳动物） as dolphins, w

39、hales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep is “just the tip of the iceberg （冰山）He specul

40、ates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that（ ）.2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because（ ）.3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that（ ）.4. While sleeping, some water mam

41、mals tend to keep half awake in order to（ ）.5. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2, last Para), Siegel suggests that（ ）.问题1选项A.birds can control their half-brain sleep consciouslyB.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at restC.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsD.ha

42、lf-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves问题2选项A.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companionsB.the two halves of their brain are differently structuredC.they have to watch out for possible attacksD.their brain hemispheres take turns to rest问题3选项A.birds prefer to sleep in pairs fo

43、r the sake of securityB.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadC.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirrorD.even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security问题4选项A.avoid being swept away by rapid currentsB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.al

44、ert themselves to the approaching enemyD.be sensitive to the ever-changing environment问题5选项A.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other speciesB.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersC.the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedD.half-brain sleep h

45、as something to do with icy weather【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。A:鸟类能有意识地控制其半脑睡眠, 第一段指出: Birds that are literally half asleepwitli one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks (一项对睡着的鸭子的最新研究发现，实

46、际上半睡眠状态的鸟类（即一个大脑半球保持警惕，另一个大脑半球保持睡眠）能控制大脑的哪一边保持醒着),因此A正确。B :鸟类很少在其整个大脑休息的情况下睡觉,文章并未提及。C:半脑睡眠在很多鸟类中被发现,第一段指出: Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds (更早期的研究记录了很多鸟类有半睡眠情况),但题干问的是:一项关于鸟类睡眠的新研究表明,因此不选C项。D: 以缓慢的脑电波为特点的半脑睡眠, 由第段中“The brain hemispheres take turns sinking i

47、nto the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves.大脑半球轮流陷入以缓慢的脑电波为特点的睡眠状态”指D项不正确。2.细节事实题。第五段指出:The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies (这些结果为单独的脑半球睡眠随着生物观察敌人而演化这一长期存在的猜测，提供了最佳的证据),因此C项“它们不得不戒备可能的袭

48、击”正确。3.判断推理题。第五段指出: The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts (他预测对在警戒一边张开眼睛的偏好可能广泛存在), The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open (镜子一边的眼睛闭着，好似映像是一个同伴，而另外的一只眼睛却保持张开),由此可知D “甚至一个想象的同伴都能给鸟一种安全感”正确。4.细节事实题

49、。倒数第二端指出: Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning (或许保持大脑边醒着可让一个睡着的动物偶尔浮出水面来避免被淹死)。故选B:不时地从水中上浮来呼吸。5.判断推理题。由题干定位至最后一段第二行: He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species (推测，当我们更近距离地观察其它物种

50、吋，更多例子（即文中提及的半睡眠的例子）可能出现),因此选A:半脑睡眠是一个可能存在于其它物种间的现象。8. 单选题The statistics（ ）that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.问题1选项A.provesB.is provingC.are provingD.prove【答案】D【解析】句意:这些统计数据表明这个地方的生活标准在最近已经彻底地改善。语法题。考查时态。主语为statistics (数据(复数),句意为“数据表明”,因此此处应该用一般现在时。故选D。9. 单选题

51、Many people nowadays save money to（ ）.问题1选项A.caterB.supplyC.provideD.equip【答案】C【解析】句意:如今很多人攒钱为自己的老年做准备。考查动词辨析。cater for 迎合，供应伙食；为提供所需; supply for为提供；provide for 供给，规定，为做准备；equip for 为装备，提供。因此C符合句意。10. 单选题Since the Second World War, the rivalry in military strength between the worlds great powers has

52、 produced a（ ）balanced peace.问题1选项A.peculiarlyB.radicallyC.precariouslyD.rapidly【答案】C【解析】句意:自二战以来，世界大国间的军备竞赛产生了一种不稳定的均势和平。考查副词辨析。peculiarly 尤其，古怪地；radically 根本上，彻底地；precariously危险地，不安全地，不稳定地；rapidly 迅速地，很快，立即。因此C符合句意。11. 单选题The mailman should be here（ ）; in fact, lie should be here in about five min

53、utes.问题1选项A.retrospectivelyB.previouslyC.currentlyD.presently【答案】D【解析】句意:这个邮差应该一会儿就到这里了；事实上，他应该是在5分钟后到这里。考查副词辨析。retrospectively 回顾地；previously 以前，预先，仓促地；currently 当前，现在；presently 回前，一会儿，不久。根据后半句句意可知D符合句意。12. 单选题Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly（ ）.问题

54、1选项A.imaginingB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imaginary【答案】D【解析】句意:尽管这部小说中的主要人物如此贴近生活，但是他们确实是虚构的。考查形容词辨析。imagining (imagine的现在分词)猜想，臆断； imaginative 虚构的，富于想象的，有创造力的;imaginable 可能的，可想象的；imaginary 虚构的，想象的。根据句意“尽管这部小说中的主要人物如此贴近生活”可知D符合句意。13. 单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent resea

55、rch indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you cal

56、l my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the meeting influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to mee

57、t. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer see you there at 8, but text me around 8 and well see w

58、here we all are.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the talkers and the textersthose who prefer voice to text message and those who pre

59、fer text to voice. They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present

60、 a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the speakeasy: the head is held high in a self-confident way, cha

61、tting away. And there is the spacemaker: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so mu

62、ch. After all, it is good to talk.1.When people plan to meet nowadays, they（ ）.2.According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are（ ）.4. According to the passage, who i

63、s afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?5. An appropriate title for the passage might be （ ）问题1选项A.arrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans问题2选项A.talkersB.the speakeasyC.the spacemakerD.texters问题3选项A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by others