2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师点拨押题密卷57（含答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师点拨押题密卷57（含答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师点拨押题密卷57（含答案详解）（24页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Despite his disappointing record this year, I（ ）feel he is the best man in our team.问题1选项A.howeverB.thereforeC.nonethelessD.otherwise【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE考查副词词义辨析。A选项however表示“然而，可是”，表转折，后面必须用逗号隔开；B选项therefore表示“所以，

2、因此”；C选项nonetheless表示“尽管如此，但是”；D选项otherwise表示“否则”。由Despite“尽管”可知，空缺处应表转折关系，因此只有C符合句意。A项however虽然也表示转折，但后面必须用逗号隔开；【句意】虽然他今年的成绩差强人意，但我仍然觉得他是我们队最好的球员。2. 单选题In order to repair barns, build fences, grow crops, and care for animals, a farmer must indeed be （ ）.问题1选项A.restlessB.skilledC.strongD.versatile【答案

3、】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。restless “坐立不安的，不耐烦的”；skilled “有技能的，熟练的”；strong “强壮的，强健的”；versatile “多才多艺的，多用途的” 。句意：为了修缮谷仓、建立栅栏、种植庄稼以及饲养牲畜，事实上，农民必须是多才多艺的。根据句意可知，农民应该是多才多艺的，故答案选D。3. 单选题（ ） that night. the union government would have been overthrown.问题1选项A.If he were assassinatedB.Were he assassinatedC.He had been ass

4、assinatedD.Had he been assassinated【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。在if虚拟条件句中，如果是对过去情况的虚拟，则条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have+动词过去分词形式。如果虚拟条件句中有were，had或should，则可以将if省略，将这几个词提到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗杀，那么联邦政府可能就已经被推翻了。故本题正确答案为D。4. 单选题In order to（ ）the rising production costs, the subscription rates have been

5、 increased.问题1选项A.add up toB.look up toC.cut shortD.keep up with【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。A选项add up to“合计达.，总共达.”；B选项look up to“尊敬”；C选项cut short“缩短，缩减”；D选项keep up with“跟上，赶上”。句意：为了跟上不断上涨的生产成本，订阅费已经提高了。选项D符合语境。5. 单选题Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly

6、 on（ ）.问题1选项A.responseB.impulseC.instinctD.consciousness【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项response“反应，回答”；B选项impulse“冲动”；C选项instinct“本能，直觉”；D选项consciousness“意识，知觉”。句意：人类的行为主要是学习的产物，而动物的行为主要依靠本能。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth the total （ ）for livin

7、g expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】句意:通常，一个学生花在住房上的费用应控制在可支配生活费总额的五分之一以内。考查形容词辨析。acceptable 可接受的，令人满意的；available 可获得的，可购得的，有空的；advisable 明智的，可取的；applicable 适用的，可实施的。故B符合句意。7. 单选题Well visit Europe next year（ ）we have enough money.问题1选项A.lestB.providedC.unlessD.unti

8、l【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。A选项lest“唯恐，以免”；B选项provided“倘若，假如”；C选项unless“除非”；D选项until“直到.”。句意：如果我们有足够的钱，明年我们就去欧洲。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题If a man（ ）himself and his family of food in order to buy a cat, we could consider him mad.问题1选项A.deprivedB.robbedC.rejectedD.denied【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deprive表示“使丧失，剥夺”，deprive sb. of

9、sth表示“从某人处剥夺某物”；B选项rob表示“抢劫，掠夺；非法剥夺”，rob sb of sth表示“抢劫某人的某物；C选项reject表示“拒绝；排斥；抵制；丢弃”；D选项deny表示“否定，否认；拒绝给予”，deny sb. sth表示“拒绝给予某人某物”。根据句意可知，如果一位男士为了买一只猫使得自己和家人没有食物可吃，那么我们会认为他发疯了。故A项deprive（使丧失，剥夺）最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。9. 翻译题A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.According to the traditional

10、 Chinese lunar calendar, well officially welcome the Year of the Horse following the arrival of Spring Festival.The horse has played an important rote throughout human history all over the world. Horses were used for thousands of years as a means of transport, a weapon of war and a plougher of field

11、s, but the horse was more than just a vehicleit had more character than a car, a tank or a tractor. In the Middle Ages in Western societies, the horse was a symbol of chivalry （骑士精神） and nobility. In fact, the word chivalry，coines from “cheval” in Old French, which meant horse. The idea of chivalry

12、helped to fashion the 19th-century concept of the “gentleman”，which was related to courtesy, courage and loyalty to friends. Nowadays, because of economic development, people in Modem societies are less likely to see or ride horses. People living in cities, in particular, hardly ever experience hors

13、es except through movies, paintings or books.Besides their physical strengths, horses have powerful brains. Maybe thats why the Chinese idiom says: “An old horse never gets lost”. Since the horse is honored as a symbol of vigor, loyalty, persistence and intelligence, people bom in the Year of the Ho

14、rse are said to share such good qualities.B. Translate the following paragraphs into English.中国作为文明古国，同样有着辉煌的城市发展史。中国的城市也具有自身特色。改革开放30多年来，中国工业化、城镇化(urbanization)步伐明显加快，城镇居民从1.7亿人增加到近7亿人，形成了一批有重要影响与发展活力的城市群，促进了经济发展和社会进步。 城市化对经济、社会、文化都有巨大而深远的影响。面向未来，中国致力于推动科学发展， 加快转变经济发展方式，把城镇化作为现代化建设的重大战略。【答案】A.按照中国农

15、历，随着春节的到来，我们将正式迎来马年。在世界各国，马在人类历史上都扮演着举足轻重的角色。数千年来，马被用作运输工具、战争武器以及犁地农具。但其实，马不仅仅是一种交通工具，其地位要远超汽车、坦克和拖拉机。在中世纪的西方社会，马是骑士精神和贵族的象征。实际上，骑士精神chivalry词来源于古法语中的“马(cheval)”。在骑士精祌的推动下，19世纪代表礼貌、勇气和真诚的“绅士粘祌”成为一种风尚。如今，随着经济的发展，现代社会的人很少看到马或骑 马。尤其是城市中的人们，除了通过电影、绘画和书籍，几乎没有接触过马。马除了健壮的体魄外，还拥有强大的头脑，这或许就是成语“老马识途”的由來吧。马是活力

16、、忠诚、毅力和智慧的象征，因此传说属马之人也具备这些优良品质。B.China, a country with an ancient civilization, also has a proud history of urban development. Chinese cities are also unique in their own ways. Since the launching of reform and opening-up program over 30 years ago, China has quickened the pace of industrialization a

17、nd urbanization, with urban population increasing from 170 million to some 700 million. The emergence of a number of city clusters with strong influence and dynamism for development has boosted economic development and social progress. Urbanization has a tremendous and profound impact on economy, so

18、ciety and culture. Going forward, China will pursue development in a scientific way, accelerate shift of the growth model and take urbanization as an important strategy for promoting modernization.10. 单选题We are at a serious disadvantage in （ ） we have nobody properly qualified for the work问题1选项A.thi

19、sB.thatC.whichD.whom【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。in that 为固定搭配，意思是“由于，因为”。句意：我们现在处于非常不利的局面，因为我们没有胜任这份工作的人选。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold （ ）bacteria in foods to a safe level.问题1选项A.a number ofB.the number ofC.an amount ofD.a quantity of【答案】B【解析】句意:一般来说，迅速冷却并经

20、过适当的冷藏，食物中的细菌量会被控制在安全范围内。考查短语辨析。a number of若干，许多; the number of 的数量; an amount of 总量”通常与不可数、无生命的名词连用；a quantity of 一些。故B符合句意。12. 单选题Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this w

21、ay the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and “apricot leather”.All foods including watercabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root veget

22、ables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Afri

23、ca and Australia.The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying.Plums, for making prunes and certain varieties of grapes for mak

24、ing raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to Increase the rate of drying.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through

25、which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110C at entry to about 43 C at exit.This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder or by spraying them int

26、o a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder.Where recognizab

27、le places of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to th

28、e climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.1.The open-air method of drying food（ ）.2.Bacteria which cau

29、se food to go bad（ ）.3.Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried（ ）.4.Dried foods（ ）.5.Housewives like dried foods because they（ ）.问题1选项A.is the one most commonly used todayB.was invented by the American IndiansC.has been known for hundreds of yearsD.tends to be unhygienic问题2选项A.cannot live in sun

30、lightB.are killed by dryingC.are in no way dependent on the water contentD.have their activity greatly reduced by drying问题3选项A.on horizontal cylindersB.in hot-air chambersC.in the sun and windD.using the open tray method问题4选项A.are often packed in cans or frozenB.are used by soldiers and climbersC.ne

31、ed more storage space than soldiers usually have availableD.are much cheaper than canned or frozen products问题5选项A.are quick to prepareB.taste betterC.can be preserved by boiling in waterD.look fresh and appetizing when cooked【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一句话 Centuries ago, man discov

32、ered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. “几个世纪以前，人类发现去除食物中的水分有助于保存食物，最简单的方法就是将食物暴露在阳光和风下。由此可知将食物放在室外环境中风干的方法在几百年前就为人所知了。故C项符合题意。2.细节事实題。根据文章第二段中的 If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which

33、 cause food to go bad is checked. “如果这些水分被除去，导致食物变坏的细菌的活动就会被抑制。 故D项 “通过风干，细菌的活动被大大减少。”正确。3.细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段 Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110C at entry to abo

34、ut 43 C at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish. “现在大多数食品是用机械干燥的。这种脱水的传统方法是把食物放在室内，热空气在大约110C入口被吹到大约43C出口。这是干燥蔬菜、肉末和鱼等食物的常用方法。”故可以推断出常用室内热空气来烘干蔬菜室，故B项 “热空气室”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由最后一段中的 For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and

35、 soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. “由于这些原因，它们对攀登者、探险者和战场上的士兵来说是无价的，因为他们没有多少储存空间。”可知与B项相符，故答案为B。5.细节事实题。由最后一段中的 They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. “它们也很受家庭主妇的欢迎，因为烹饪时间很短”可知选项A “很快就准备好”符合题意。答案A。13. 单选题The beam that is （ ）by a laser diff

36、ers in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight.问题1选项A.transportedB.emittedC.motivatedD.translated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项transport表示“运输”；B项emit表示“发出，发射”；C项motivate 表示“刺激；使有动机”；D项translate表示“翻译，转化”。根据句意“激光发出的光与手电筒 的光在一些方面存在差异。”可知，B项“发出”最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B项。14. 翻译题A. Translate the following

37、 paragraph into Chinese.In the modern era, there will be much to celebrate because our civilization has achieved breath-taking advances in virtually every field of human endeavour. And yet, these quantum leaps in human progress coexist with a darker side to our civilization such as armed conflict, w

38、hich might destroy entire communities in the quest for ethnicity, religion or race. In the context of armed conflict, children are the real victims. Many were killed, permanently disabled, displaced or orphaned. Worse than that, some of them are currently under arms as killing machines. Hence, the S

39、ecurity Council should set out its goal: advocating for children who are victimized or made especially vulnerable, as well as mobilizing for concrete action to ensure their rights, protection and welfare.B. Translate the following paragraph into English.贸易增长在很大程度上取决于能源的供应。中东可以开采的原油还有一万亿桶。但是 1974年的石油

40、危机使人们对煤再度产生了兴趣并且去寻找可供选择的其它能源。在今后的年代里，太阳能、风能和核能将起到重大的作用。【答案】A英译中【参考译文】在如今这个时代，会有许多事情值得庆祝，因为几乎在人类努力的每一个领域我们的文明都取得了惊人的进展。然而，人类进步的这些巨大飞跃与我们文明的黑暗面并存，比如武装冲突，它可能会在寻求种族、宗教或种族的过程中摧毁整个社区。在（发生）武装冲突的情况下，孩子们是真正的受害者。许多人被杀害、永久致残、流离失所或者成为孤儿。比这更糟糕的是，现在这些孩子中的一些人被当作杀人机器武装了起来。因此，安全理事会应确定自己的目标：提倡保护受害或者特别容易受害的儿童，并动员采取具体行

41、动，确保孩子们的权利、保护他们并且提供福利。B中译英【参考译文】The growth of trade depends on energy supplies to a great extent. There is still a trillion barrels of recoverable oil in the Middle East. But the 1974 oil crisis made people revive interest in coal and search for alternative sources of energy. In the years to come, s

42、olar, wind and nuclear power will play a big role.15. 单选题This ticket（ ）you to a free meal in our new restaurant.问题1选项A.givesB.grantsC.entitlesD.credits【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。根据句意：这张票使你有资格在我们新开的餐馆享受一顿免费的用餐。C选项entitle“使某人有.权利或资格”，后常接介词to意为“拥有.的权利”，符合语境；A选项give和B选项grant都有“授予”的意思，但接sb.的时候后不接介词，而是give/grant sb.s

43、th.，所以均不正确；D选项credit做动词意为“相信，把.归给”，不符合语境。所以本题选C。16. 单选题It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better （1 ）math than girls, that male high school students are more likely than their female counterparts（ 2 ）advanced math courses like calculus, that virtually all the great mathematicians（ 3 ）men.

44、 Are women born with（4）mathematical ability? Or does societys sexism slow their progress? In 1980, two Johns Hopkins University researchers tried（ 5 ）the eternal nature/nurture debate. Julian Stanley and Camilla Benbow（ 6 ）10,000 talented seventh and eighth graders between 1972 and 1979. Using the S

45、cholastic Aptitude Test, in which math questions are meant to measure ability rather than knowledge, they discovered（ 7 ）sex differences.（8 ） the verbal abilities of the males and females（ 9 ）differed, twice as many boys as girls scored over 500 (on a scale of 200 to 800) on mathematical ability; at

46、 the 700 level, the ratio was 14 to 1. The conclusion: males have（10 ）superior mathematical reasoning ability.Benbow and Stanleys findings,（11）were published in “Science”，disturbed some men and（12）women. Now there is comfort for those people in a new study from the University of Chicago that suggest

47、s math（13 ）not, after all, a natural male domain. Prof. Zalman Usiskin studied 1,366 tenth graders. They were selected from geometry classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry proofs, a subject requiring（14） abstract reasoning and spatial ability. The conclusion（15）by Usiskin: there are n

48、o sex differences in math ability.问题1选项A.atB.topC.ofD.about问题2选项A.in tacklingB.tacklingC.to tackleD.about tackling问题3选项A.might beB.have beenC.must beD.had been问题4选项A.smallerB.lessC.fewerD.not more问题5选项A.to settleB.to setC.settlingD.setting.问题6选项A.were testedB.have testedC.were testingD.had tested问题7

49、选项A.distinctB.instinctC.remotesD.vague问题8选项A.SinceB.HoweverC.AsD.While问题9选项A.scarcely notB.virtuallyC.largelyD.hardly.问题10选项A.superficiallyB.universallyC.inherentlyD.initially,问题11选项A.asB.thatC.whichD.all问题12选项A.fewB.not a fewC.not fewD.quite few问题13选项A.beB.wereC.wasD.is问题14选项A.none ofB.neither ofC.

50、eitherD.both问题15选项A.gotB.gainedC.reachedD.accomplished【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:D第9题:D第10题:C第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:D第15题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。do better at. 在方面做得更好。2.考查固定搭配。be likely to do sth.可能做某事,故选C。3.语法题。考查时态。空格所在句意为: 伟大的数学家几乎都是男性,这里强调从过去到现在一直存在的事实,因此用现在完成时。4.语义题。smaller 更小的，一般指尺寸、数量等

51、;less和fewer都可以表示更少的，较少的但less修饰不可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词;not more 不多。由关键词ability可知B正确。5.考查固定搭配。try to do sth. 努力做某事。此处动词settle与debate搭配表示 “解决争端”。6.语法题。考查时态。根据关键词between 1972 and 1979可知，此处需耍用过去完成吋态。7.考查形容词辨析。distinct 明显的；instinct 本能，天性；remote 偏远的，偏僻的；vague 模糊的。此处句意为:他们发现不同的性别之间有很大的不同,故选A。8.考查逻辑关系。逗号前后两个分句之间是对

52、比关系，因此引导词用while。9.考查副词辨析。scarcely 几乎不，一般没有scarcely not连用的情况；virtually 事实上，几乎;largely 主要地，在很大程度上；hardly 几乎不。前后分句为对比关系。故选D。10.考查副词辨析。superficially 表面地；universally 普遍地；inherently 固有地，内在地; initially 最初。这里想表达“相比女性,男性在数学方面有内在优势”,故选C。11.语法题。考查从句的引导词。“ （ ）were published inScience”这部分为非限制性定语从句修饰Benbow and St

53、anleys findings，C项which能引导非限制性定语从句,故选C。12.语义题。few 很少的；not a few 不少，相当多；没有now few和quite few的用法。此处句意为:这一研究结果让一些男性和很多女性感到不安,故选B。13.语法题。考查时态和主谓一致。此处需填入系动词,此处主语是math,故排除A和B。根据提示词now可知,D正确。14.考查固定搭配。both.and. 不但而且。15.考查固定搭配。reach a conclusion得出结论。17. 单选题Over a third of the population was estimated to have

54、 no（ ）to the health service问题1选项A.assessmentB.accessC.assignmentD.exception【答案】B【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项assessment表示“评定，估价”；B选项access表示“进入，通道，机会”；C选项assignment表示“分配，任务”；D选项exception表示“例外，异议”。词组have access to可表示“使用，接近，可以利用”，其余3项不可与have构成搭配。句意：估计有超过三分之一的人口没有享受到医疗服务。因此本题正确答案为B选项。18. 单选题Everyone interviewed ha

55、d been （ ）to unfair treatment.问题1选项A.subjectedB.adjustedC.devotedD.entitled【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。subject “使隶属；使屈从于”；adjust “调整，使适合”；devote “致力于；奉献”；entitle “定名为；使有权利”。根据后面的unfair treatment (不公平待遇)可推测空格处应该填入一个带有贬义的词，be subject to是一个固定词组，意思是“遭受”，选项A符合题意。句意：每个被采访的人都遭遇过不公平的对待。19. 单选题The guides （ ）the touris

56、ts together at the hotel gate.问题1选项A.accumulatedB.collectedC.assembledD.resembled【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。accumulate “积累;累积”:collect “收集”;assemble “聚集；集合”；resemble“类似，像”。根据后文“together at the hotel gate”可知是在门口集合，因此选项C符合题意。句意：这些导游让游客在酒店门口集合。20. 单选题Take the case of public education alone. The principal diffic

57、ulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few

58、years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, w

59、e must put them in school.We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over th

60、em since depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate sy

61、stem. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in p