2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷71（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The consequences of this ill-advised policy are already known to all of us here, （ ）to say that we have suffered more losses in this month than in the three previous years.问题1选项A.it sufficeB.suffices itC.suffice itD.it is suffice【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。suffice (it) to

2、 say “说得够多了”。句意：这项不明智政策的后果已经人尽皆知，不必再多说什么，我们这个月所遭受的损失比前三年的还多。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Unlike the hyena,（ ） related, the aardwolf has weak teeth and jaws.问题1选项A.which is itB.which it is toC.which is itD.to which it is【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格为非限制性定语从句，先行词为hyena，因为固定搭配relate to，所以which为关系代词，代替hyena在定语从句中充当to的宾语，介词

3、to可以放到定语从句的末尾，也可以提到which的前面。句意：与自己有血缘联系的鬣狗不一样，土狼的牙齿和咽喉都比较虚弱。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题These（ ）salespersons of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.protective【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的、预期的”；B选项perspective “透视的”；C选项respe

4、ctive“分别的、各自的”；D选项protective“保护的”，句意为：本课程将向这些保险业务人员介绍相关法规和业务策略。因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room a womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdot

5、es, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said “Shes the talker in our family.” The room burst into lau

6、ghter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “Its true,” he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going, wed spend the whole evening in silence.”This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public

7、 situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed but only a fe

8、w of the men gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands mo

9、st often focused not on tangible inequities, such as, having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead, they focused on communication: “He doesnt listen

10、 to me” “He doesnt talk to me.” I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical car

11、toon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.1.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?2.Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably mea

12、ns（ ）.3.All of the following are true EXCEPT（ ）.4.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?5.In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on（ ）.问题1选项A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Sharing housework.

13、问题2选项A.generating motivationB.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure问题3选项A.men tend to talk more in public than women.B.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation.C.women attach much importance to communication between couples.D.a female tends to be more ta

14、lkative at home than her spouse.问题4选项A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.问题5选项A.a vivid account of t

15、he new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Toward the end of the evening I commented that wom

16、en frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement.”晚上快结束的时候，我评论说，女人经常抱怨她们的丈夫不跟她们说话。这个人立刻点头表示同意。由此可知大多数妻子都是希望丈夫和她们多多沟通的，因此选项A正确。2.语义推测题。根据句意：这种模式正在对婚姻造成严重破坏。由此可知wreaking havoc和causing damage造成损害意义最为接近，因此选项C正确。3.细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Given the current divorce

17、rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.”。考虑到目前美国近50%的离婚率，每年在美国就会有数百万起这样的案例这简直是一种谈话失败的流行病。美国有近50%的离婚率，但并不都是缺少交流引起的，因此选项B正确。4.主旨大意题。整篇文章由一个真实场景引入到婚姻中的谈话沟通，谈论美国部分家庭的婚姻现状，主要探讨妻子和丈夫对于沟通部分不同看法以及做法，那丈夫在外健谈，在家很少说

18、话的婚姻交谈模式以及妻子想要和丈夫谈话的迫切使得婚姻出现裂痕。选项D符合文意。5.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到能代表当前危机的形象是一个典型的卡通场景，可以推断出作者接下来可能对这个卡通的一些细节进行展开，因此选项B符合题意。5. 单选题48. When a liquid or gas is heated from below, the fluid tends （ ）into cylindrical rolls.问题1选项A.its organizationB.to organize itselfC.and is organizedD.organizing【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。固定搭配

19、tend to do sth.表示“倾向于做”，B选项正确。6. 单选题I（ ）have written to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.问题1选项A.needntB.oughtnt toC.wouldntD.shouldnt【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。neednt have done“本来不必做”，隐含实际上已经做了，从下文“此后不久他就给我打了电话”可知用neednt have written to him。句意为：我本不必写信给他，因为他后来不久就给我打了电话。A选项正确。7. 翻译题1.书籍引导我们进入优秀的社会群体，将

20、我们带到伟大的思想家面前。2.这些不同文化背景的年轻人都具有共同的爱好，喜欢同样的服饰、音乐和娱乐。3.名声、财富和权利都是身外之物，人人可求而得之，但没有人能代替你感受人生。4.中国坚持以人为本的科学发展观，着力构建和谐社会。5.一个时代展现在我们面前；政治更加民主，社会全面进步，人们生活进一步提高。【答案】1.Books guide us into good social groups and bring us to great thinkers.2.These young people from different cultural backgrounds all have common

21、 hobbies and like the same clothes, music and entertainment.3.Fame, wealth and power are worldly possessions that can be acquired by all, but no one can feel life for you.4.China adheres to the people-oriented scientific concept of development and strives to build a harmonious society.5. An era is u

22、nfolding before us; politics is more democratic, society is progressing in an all-round way, and peoples lives are further improved.8. 单选题He was（ ）when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.问题1选项A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项incredible“难以置信

23、的”；B选项inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”；C选项incredulous“怀疑的、不轻信的”；D选项indifferent“冷漠的、不关心的”，句意为：当他听到这个意外的消息时，他觉得不可思议，但我最终说服了他。A选项符合句意，因此选A。9. 写作题Directions: Choose one of the two topics to develop an essay of about 300 words.1.Chinas Opportunities and Challenges with the Coming of Globalization.2.Some people beli

24、eve that the Earth is being damaged by human, activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.【答案】略10. 单选题Alcoholism and drug addiction has already reached epidemic proportions in the 21s

25、t Century. One of the biggest misconceptions about addiction is that it only affects certain groups within society: for example that poor people from poor neighborhoods and ethnic minorities are more likely to be addicted to alcohol and drugs. The truth is however that addiction is blind to race, co

26、lor and socio-economic background. Another fact is that drug and alcohol related crimes are increasing all over the world.There are many reasons why a person might first try drugs. Some of these might include peer pressure from friends, stress and personality characteristics. People take drugs and a

27、lcohol because of the elevating or relaxing effects they have on the body otherwise people wouldnt take them in the first place.But as the person develops a habit, the chemistry of the brain starts to change and adapt, demanding more and more of the drug as it resists the discomfort of withdrawal. T

28、he person becomes an addict and the initial masons for taking the drug soon pale in significance as the need for drugs and or alcohol begins to dominate every aspect of the addicts life. Addictions are lifelong illnesses that are very hard to treat. The disturbing fact is that 1/3rd of patients who

29、do receive treatment usually relapse within one year.Many scientists believe that addiction is related to our most basic instinct, survival. Since the beginning of time our brain has evolved to ensure the survival of our species. The brain controls behavior by rewarding actions that will ensure surv

30、ival of the species. For example, the intake of nutrients such as sugars and fats activate taste receptors that in turn activate brain reward mechanisms. The activation of these mechanisms produces certain changes in the individual ranging from being in a much better mood to intense pleasure and eup

31、horia. We are far more likely to continue to seek out and eat these nutrients because the brain rewards us for taking the nutrients into the body by releasing chemicals that make us feel good.The problem lies in the fact that these reward systems do not only reward the intake of harmless substances

32、such as sugars and fats. Some chemicals activate brain reward systems directly, bypassing the sensory receptors mediating natural rewards. Caffeine, alcohol and nicotine all activate brain reward mechanisms directly.But other far more harmful drugs such as heroine, crack and cocaine are better at ac

33、tivating brain reward systems, producing a far more powerful effect compared to a feeling of calmness or relaxation after eating a good nutritious meal. The activation is much more intense causing the individual to crave the drug and to focus their activities around taking the drug. The ability of a

34、ddictive drugs to strongly activate brain reward mechanisms and their ability to chemically alter the normal functioning of these systems can produce an addiction. However some people become addicted while others do not.Many people drink alcohol or smoke cannabis or even cocaine and other illegal dr

35、ugs but this does not necessarily make them addicts and not all addicts have the same intensity of addiction. It has been estimated that approximately 10% of any population of any country will tend to have an addictive nature and become addicts of some kind. It is true that though that some races, n

36、otably Native American Indians and Eskimos, do tend to have higher rates of addiction than others for reasons that are not fully understood. It is also true that people who become addicts may be highly intelligent and be extremely motivated but are unable to control their addiction. Addiction is by

37、no means dependent on intelligence. Some of the most skilled and intelligent people might become addicts even though they are fully aware of the detrimental nature of continuing to take drugs or alcohol.The fact is that still we do not know why some people become addicts and others do not although t

38、here are many theories that reason that some people simply have an “addictive personality type”being far more susceptible to the reward mechanism that produces addictionwhile others still believe that it is the addicts lack of will power to refrain from taking drugs or alcohol. The biggest killer th

39、ough is a persons denial of his or her condition, that they believe that they do not have a problem, do not seek help but instead continue the abuse until they have either lost everything or die as the body cannot cope and eventually shuts down.1.In paragraph1, the word misconceptions is closest in

40、meaning to（ ）.2.According to the passage, who is most likely to become addicted to drugs and/or alcohol?3.According to the author, most people first try drugs, and alcohol because（ ）.4.According to the passage, why might there be a problem in the brains natural reward system?5.In paragraph 7, the wo

41、rd intensity is closest in meaning to（ ）.问题1选项A.unproved statisticsB.wrong ideasC.truthD.apprehension问题2选项A.Only people who have the financial means to buy drugs and alcohol.B.Usually only criminals.C.Addiction does not have a preference.D.Anyone who tries drugs and alcohol is immediately addicted.问

42、题3选项A.there is no real reason, it just happensB.they need to forget about stressC.everyone does itD.people have different reasons问题4选项A.Because caffeine is dangerous and stimulates our metabolism.B.People will become instantly addicted to nicotine.C.Some harmful substances can fool the brain into th

43、inking they are good.D.Some people are naturally more addictive to drugs alcohol than others.问题5选项A.euphoriaB.levelC.resultD.desire【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。定位到文章第一段，One of the biggest misconceptions about addiction is that it only affects certain groups within society（关于成瘾最大的误解之一是，它只

44、影响社会中的某些群体），wrong ideas（错误的想法）与misconception（误解）意思最为接近，unproved statistics未经证实的统计，真相事实，apprehension赞赏，因此选项B正确。2.判断推理题。定位到文章第一段The truth is however that addiction is blind to race, color and socio-economic background（然而，事实是，上瘾是无视种族，肤色和社会经济背景的），意思就是上瘾和经济、犯罪等是没有直接关系的，而Addiction does not have a preferen

45、ce（上瘾是没有偏好的）与原文表达意义相近，因此C选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。定位到文章第二段，Some of these might include peer pressure from friends, stress and personality characteristics.（其中一些可能包括来自朋友的同辈压力，压力和个性特征）表明每个人都是有不同原因的，因此选项D符合题意。4.判断推理题。定位到文章第五段，The problem lies in the fact that these reward systems do not only reward the intake of

46、harmless substances such as sugars and fats. Some chemicals activate brain reward systems directly, bypassing the sensory receptors mediating natural rewards. Caffeine, alcohol and nicotine all activate brain reward mechanisms directly.（问题在于，这些奖励系统不仅奖励摄入无害的物质，如糖和脂肪。一些化学物质直接激活大脑的奖励系统，绕过调节自然奖励的感觉感受器。咖

47、啡因，酒精和尼古丁都能直接激活大脑的奖励机制）表明人类的大脑奖励系统不能够准确地识别摄入物质是否有害，因此选项C符合题意。5.定位到文章第七段，have the same intensity of addiction有相同上瘾的程度，intensity意为程度，与level意义最为相近，因此选项B符合题意。11. 翻译题Read the following Paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式，也可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”

48、必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化吋，这种变化常能持久。“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。就好比你在钢琴上学习一首新的曲子。【答案】Although our understanding of learning is still not complete, a great deal is known. Learning has many different forms and takes place under many conditions. In general, it involves a change in behavior. When a

49、change in behavior takes place as a result of learning, the change is usually a long-lasting one. Learning may mean that a number of small independent acts are arranged in a new order. This happens, for example, when you learn to play a new piece on the piano.12. 翻译题Translate the following sentences

50、 into English人类文明的历史与人类学习如何利用水资源的历史密不可分。这些建筑物通常都是傍依悬崖而建的，既为了建设便利，也为了抵御敌人的侵犯。西南地区非常干旱，水源稀少。他写作不为名，不图利，是因为他有一种燃烧的渴望，一种表达快乐的渴望。Bramley大学为注册的国际学生提供7类奖学金以帮助他们解决课程的费用问题。【答案】The history of human civilization is closely related to the history of humans learning of how to make use of water resources.These bu

51、ildings were usually built against cliffs, both for convenient construction The southwestern region is very dry and the water is scarce.He writes neither for fame nor for profit, because he has a strong desire which can express his happiness.The Bramley University provides seven kinds of scholarship

52、 for registered international students, the aim is to help them solve the problem of course cost.13. 单选题The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity（ ）with cancer-causing pathways.问题1选项A.coupledB.stainedC.associatedD.integrated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项couple“连

53、接、成对”；B选项stain“玷污、弄脏的”；C选项associate“联想、联系”；D选项integrate“使结合、使完整”，句意为：这项技术提供了更多有关于基因活性与致癌途径细微差异的详细信息。be associated with“与有关，与有关系”，因此选项C正确。14. 单选题The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy rese

54、arch organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic grow

55、th in the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping

56、 older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and

57、 Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Se

58、curity taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support

59、them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401(k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritance, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach 65 with greater financial assets than prev

60、ious generations.The Hudson Institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the reports recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income, provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65

61、; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it, may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must b

62、e allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.1.According to Hudson Institute researcher, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the US economy is（ ）.2.The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may（ ）.3.Th

63、e second paragraph is written chiefly to show that （ ）.4.The word hinder” in the last sentence of Paragraph 1 refers to （ ）.5.Which of the following statements is true?问题1选项A.constructiveB.significantC.inconclusiveD.detrimental问题2选项A.do harm to younger generationsB.end up with few or no benefitsC.give- play to their potentialsD.shed light on social trends问题3选项A.there will be an acute labor shortage in the near futureB.baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic outputC.government policies concern