2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷100（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题It is his （ ）. If the bike is damaged, he must pay.问题1选项A.abilityB.liabilityC.capacityD.capability【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项ability“能力，才能”；B选项liability“责任，债务”；C选项capacity“能力，资格”；D选项capability“能力，性能”。句意：这是他的责任。如果自行车坏了，他必须赔偿。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题The young should be（ ）to the

2、 old.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectfulC.respectedD.respective【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的”；B选项 respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respected“受尊敬的”；D选项respective“分别的，各自的”。句意：年轻人应该恭敬的对待老人。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题Despite their good service; most inns are less costly than hotels of（ ） standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC

3、.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项equivalent“相等的”；B选项alike“相似的”；C选项uniform“统一的”；D选项likely“可能的”。句意：尽管他们的服务好；但相对于同等标准的旅馆来说，大多数旅馆都更便宜。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题Its our（ ）that the new economic policy will bring great prosperity to this company.问题1选项A.confidenceB.convictionC.recommendationD.insurance【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。

4、A选项confidence“信心”；B选项conviction“确信”；C选项recommendation“推荐”；D选项insurance“保险”。句意：我们相信新的经济政策会给公司带来巨大的繁荣。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题You should（ ）yourself with the relevant facts before making a decision.问题1选项A.acquaintB.acquireC.acknowledgeD.attempt【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项acquaint“使熟悉，使认识”；B选项acquire“获得”；C选项acknowledge“承认，

5、答谢”；D选项attempt“企图，尝试”。句意：在做决定之前，你应该熟悉相关的事实。选项A符合句意。6. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English采取一切有效措施扫清“黄毒”，依法处理相关违法人员。劳教制度废止后，未触犯刑法的违法者，将由社区采取措施进行矫正。醉酒驾驶机动车的行为，要追究法律责任。中国渔政船频繁开赴钓鱼岛，维护国家的合法权益。打击网络犯罪，保护人民生命和财产安全。依法行政是实现“中国梦”的根本性制度保障。【答案】Take all effective measures to clear away the pornogra

6、phy and drugs and deal with the relevant persons who break laws in accordance with the law.After the abolishment of the system of reeducation through labor, the community will take measures to correct the lawbreakers who do not violate the criminal law.To drive a motor vehicle after getting drunk sh

7、all be investigated for legal responsibility.Chinese fishery administration vessels frequently set out for Diaoyu islands to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of our country.Crack down network crime and protect peoples lives and property.To administer our government according to law is a

8、n essential institutional guarantee for realizing the Chinese dream.7. 单选题The founding of new China（ ）peoples desire for independence.问题1选项A.declaredB.impliedC.manifestedD.announced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项declare“宣布，声明”；B选项imply“意味，暗示”；C选项manifest“表明，显示”；D选项announce“宣布”。句意：新中国的成立表明了人民对独立的渴望。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题

9、A large building may have a heating（ ）by which all the room are steam-heated.问题1选项A.applianceB.apparatusC.furnitureD.equipment【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项appliance“器械，装置”，侧重指家用机器或设备，尤指家用电器；B选项apparatus“设备，仪器”，一般指复杂的仪器设备；C选项furniture“家具”；D选项equipment“设备，器材”，多指成套的或重型的设备或装备。句意：大建筑物可能会有暖气设备，所有的房间都是通过蒸汽加热。选项B更符合语

10、境。9. 单选题（ ）by the heavy clothes, he failed to jump onto the medium sized table.问题1选项A.HamperedB.PreventedC.FacilitatedD.Encountered【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项Hamper“妨碍，束缚”；B选项Prevent“预防，阻止”；C选项Facilitate“促进，帮助”；D选项Encounter“遭遇，邂逅”。句意：受到厚衣服的束缚，他没能跳上中等大小的桌子。选项A符合语境。10. 翻译题Put the following Chinese into English

11、.网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益或者利益的，应当承担侵权责任。公法调整和规范自然人、法人和国家之间的关系,它包括行政法规、刑法以及其他涉及公共秩序的法律。合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终民事关系的协议；依法成立的合同，受法律保护。物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。人民法院审理案件，对于侵犯著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的，可以没收违法所得、侵权复制品以及进行违法活动的财物。【答案】Network users and network service providers who infringe upon the civil rights

12、or interests of others via network shall bear the tort liability.Public law adjusts and regulates the relationship among natural persons, legal persons and the state. It includes administrative regulations, criminal laws and other laws related to public order.A contract is an agreement between the p

13、arties to establish, change or terminate a civil relationship. A contract established in accordance with the law shall be protected by law.The acquisition and exercise of property rights shall abide by the law, respect social morality and not damage public interests and legitimate rights and interes

14、ts of others.For those cases that infringe on copyright or relative rights. Peoples Court can confiscate illegal proceeds, infringing copies and properties for illegal activities when trying a case.11. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English夫妻财产同样属于共同财产。刑法不得溯及既往。法院驳回了原告的诉讼主张。他对债务负主要责任。本合同的

15、任何改动或修正必须作为书面方能产生效力。【答案】Marital property is also part of the common property.The criminal law shall not be retroactive.The court rejected the plaintiffs claim.He was mainly responsible for the debt.Any changes or modification of this contract must be written in order to be effective.12. 单选题Her speec

16、h was（ ）and caused a lot of angry comment.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.proneC.provocativeD.promising【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项 prone“有倾向的”；C选项provocative“刺激的，挑拨的，气人的”；D选项promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演讲很气人，引起了许多愤怒的评论。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题When business is（ ）there is usually an obvious increase in unemployme

17、nt.问题1选项A.degradedB.depressedC.reducedD.lessened【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项degrade“贬低，降低”；B选项depress“压抑，使沮丧，使萧条”；C选项reduce“减少，降低”；D选项lessen“减少，减轻”。句意：当商业萧条的时候，失业率通常会明显上升。选项B更符合逻辑。14. 单选题Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was（ ） by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.dissuadedB.avertedC.repres

18、sedD.distracted【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项dissuade“劝阻”；B选项 avert“转移”；C选项 repress“抑制，镇压”；D选项distract“分心”。句意：尽管我试图集中注意力听演讲，但还是被隔壁房间的噪音分心。选项D符合语境。15. 单选题Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back fa

19、r as the reptiles.There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal

20、 is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed castor dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of nat

21、ural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?Perhaps one useful hint about t

22、he original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease i

23、t? Wiles Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems partic

24、ularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.1.According to the passage, the phenomenon of sleep is common to which of the following groups of living beings?2.The author states that during dream sleep, the animal sleeps（ ）.3.The aut

25、hor suggests that, because there are no hiding places in the oceans, whales and dolphins（ ）.4.The author implies that, if they did not sleep, babies of hunting animals might（ ）.问题1选项A.All-ancient animals.B.Primates only.C.Four-fooled beasts only.D.Most mammals and birds问题2选项A.without movingB.shallow

26、lyC.intermittentlyD.on its side问题3选项A.sleep only when they are very youngB.cannot afford to sleep very muchC.usually dream while awakeD.take turns sleeping问题4选项A.be more aware of dangerB.make noise at the wrong timesC.fail to grow properlyD.be able to catch more food【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B【解析】1.细节事

27、实题。根据第一段第二句“In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back far as the reptiles. 脑电图显示，我们和所有的灵长类动物以及几乎所有其他的哺乳动物和鸟类都会睡觉。由此可知，选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkab

28、ly unresponsive to external stimuli. 在睡梦中，动物被强有力地固定住，对外界刺激毫无反应。”所以选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“whales and dolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. 或许关于睡眠原始功能的一

29、个有力暗示发现了“海豚、鲸鱼和水生哺乳动物似乎总是睡得很少”这一事实。选项B符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数二三句“It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals.” 那

30、些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安静的动物，在危险的时刻，会被睡眠这一无法缓和的武器固定住。这一点对于幼小的食肉动物来说似乎特别明显。也就是说，幼小的食肉动物在危险时刻无法保持安静，即在不恰当的时机发出声音，所以选项B符合原文。16. 单选题Prior to the event of September 11, the Bush administration had started to chart a clear-cut course in South Asia. In this new foreign policy calculus, India, the largest, most power

31、ful economically dynamic, politically stable, and strategically significant state in the region, was destined to emerge as a linchpin. Such a shift was possible because unlike a range of other American administrations, both during and after the Cold War, the George W.Bush regime had finally decided

32、that Pakistan could no longer exercise a veto on American relations with India. Such a decision was also made possible because of Pakistans steady downward economic spiral, the presence of a Pakistani military dictatorship in a democratizing Asia and also because of Pakistans extensive strategic lin

33、ks with the loathsome Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Few American interests, it appeared, were implicated in that country.Simultaneously, India, which had almost reflexively opposed virtually any major American foreign policy, initiatively appeared to be changing its orientation. The Bharatiya Janat

34、a Party (RlP)-Ied regime in India was demonstrating a degree of intellectual flexibility that few regimes in India had ever displayed, specifically, the BJP-led regime had expressed cautious support for the Bush administrations decision to amend the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty and move towar

35、d dramatic cuts in the American nuclear arsenal. Admittedly, the India endorsement of the American position was anything but fulsome.Nevertheless, even this limited embrace of an otherwise controversial American strategic shift was quite significant. At another level, unlike many previous regimes, t

36、he BJP-led government appeared much more inclined to broaden and deepen military-to-military contacts with the United States. Even areas of disagreement in Indo-U.S. relations such as those dealing with trade and investment regimes no longer appeared as acrimoniousness.1.The word “linchpin” in the f

37、irst paragraph means（ ）.2.From the first paragraph, we can infer that（ ）.3.The BJP-led government（ ）.4.The article mainly talks about（ ）.问题1选项A.a kind of animal in South AsiaB.something vitally importantC.the dominating powerD.an ally问题2选项A.India and Pakistan had been closely cooperating with each o

38、ther in the past few years.B.India had enjoyed a more preferable position than Pakistan with American politicians since the 1970sC.George Bush followed the same foreign policy as other American administrations in South Asia.D.America had been reluctant to develop constructive relations with India ou

39、t of consideration for Pakistan.问题3选项A.is inclined to broaden and deepen military contest with the US.B.caused embarrassment for the Americans when they made controversial strategic shiftC.supported the Bush administrations decision to amend the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treatyD.is against the Bu

40、sh administrations decision to amend the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty问题4选项A.US foreign policy in South AsiaB.dictatorship in PakistanC.contribution of the Indian BJP-led governmentD.Bushs wisdom as a politician【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.语义题。根据原文句意“在这一新的外交政策考量中，印度作为该地区最大、经济动力最强、政治稳定以及战略意义重大

41、的国家，注定会成为一个关键因素。”“linchpin”的本意就是关键的意思，所以选项B正确。2.判断推理题。选项A在文中没有信息提及；选项B时间表述有误；根据第一段第三句“.unlike a range of other American administrations.不像其他美国政府”可知选项C表述错误；根据“Pakistan could no longer exercise a veto on American relations with India.巴基斯坦再也不能对美印关系行使否决权。”可知选项D正确。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“BJP-led government”定位到第二段，

42、根据倒数第二句“the BJP-led regime had expressed cautious support for the Bush administrations decision to amend the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty. 以印度人民党为首的政权对布什政府修改反弹道导弹条约的决定表示谨慎支持”由此可知，选项C符合原文。4.主旨大意题。文章第一段首句为本文的主旨句。“the Bush administration had started to chart a clear-cut course in South Asia. 布什政

43、府已经开始在南亚制定明确的方针。”选项A“美国在南亚的外交政策”最能概括全文，所以正确。17. 单选题The system of exploitation of moon by man has been（ ） .问题1选项A.canceledB.abolishedC.refusedD.rejected【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项cancel“取消”；B选项abolish“废除，废止”；C选项refuse“拒绝”；D选项reject“拒绝，排斥”。句意：人类开发月球的系统已经被废除。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题Mother told me that the most important

44、 thing of choosing a piece of cloth is its （ ）.问题1选项A.styleB.textureC.textileD.content【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项style“风格，类型”；B选项texture“质地，纹理，结构”；C选项textile“纺织品”；D选项content“内容，满足”。句意：母亲告诉我，挑选一块布最重要的是看它的质地。选项B符合句意。19. 单选题The government officials estimate that the war has created more than half a million（ ）wh

45、o need immediate food, clothing and shelter.问题1选项A.exilesB.hostagesC.survivorsD.refugees【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项exile“放逐，流放”；B选项hostage“人质，抵押品”；C选项survivor“幸存者”；D选项refugee“难民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官员估计，战争导致50多万难民急需食物、衣服和住所。选项D符合句意。20. 翻译题Put the following passages into Chinese:It is not possible for a mere award of m

46、oney to put him in the position he would have enjoyed had the bargain been performed. The bargain must therefore be performed. But the courts rarely compel the specific performance of a contract, save where it is one for the sale of real estate, since every parcel of real property is deemed to be un

47、ique, special, and uniquely valuable to its owner. There are other kinds of contracts that can be specifically enforced, but their number is limited and dwindling in an unsentimental, commercial world in which the payment of money is usually deemed the proper remedy for every loss or disappointment

48、suffered. Under certain circumstances, an aggrieved party can avoid a contract that he previously agreed to make. This is known as rescission or avoidance of the contract. By this relief, the parties are to be placed in the position in which they found themselves before the contract was made.Litigan

49、ts have mutual incentives to save on litigation costs by settling out of court. They avoid uncertain trial outcomes and delays and can agree to keep settlements confidential. In some cases, settlements may be reached through alternative methods of dispute resolution, such as voluntary arbitration or

50、 mediation Generally, details of civil disputes settled before a trial are not reported to the courts and hence are not included in publicly available data Those data therefore show only part of the picturethere may be important differences between cases that go to trial and cases that settle out of

51、 court. For example, cases that go to trial probably involve larger dollar amounts, on average. Nevertheless, trial verdicts set precedents for all cases and thus affect the incentive to settle by signaling the value and probability of success to future litigants.【答案】仅仅是金钱判决不可能让他享有履行协议而带来的处境。因此，协议必须

52、履行。但是，法院很少会强制协议的具体实施，除非协议是针对不动产的出售，因为每一份不动产对它的所有者而言被认为是独特的、特殊的和具有特别价值的。也有另外一些可以具体地被强制执行的协议，然而，在金钱经常被视为弥补所遭受损失或失望的合理手段的这个无情的商业世界里，这类协议的数量是有限的并一直在减少。在某些情况下，受侵害的一方可以废止自己先前同意签订的协议。这被称为解除或废止协议。通过这种补救方法，协议各方发现他们自己处于协议签订之前的境地。诉讼当事人都有通过庭外和解的方式去节约诉讼成本的动机。通过该方式，他们避免不确定的审判结果与延期，并且可以同意保密和解协议。在一些情况下，和解协议可能通过替代性纠纷解决方法来达成，比如自愿仲裁或调解。一般情况下，和解的民事纠纷细节在审判前不会呈上法庭，因此它们不包含在公开信息中。因此，那些公开信息仅仅展现了所有案件的一部分法庭审判的案件和庭外和解的案件间可能存在巨大的差异。比如，一般来说，法庭审判的案件很可能牵涉更多的金钱数量。然而，审判裁决为所有的案件开创了先例，因此，它们通过示意利害关系及胜诉的可能性，影响了今后诉讼当事人去解决纠纷的动机。