2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷54（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题I really wonder, he has posted me many parcels（ ）we didnt work together.问题1选项A.how, afterB.why, whenC.when, beforeD.why, since【答案】D【解析】句意:自从我们不在一起工作起，我很好奇为什么他给我寄了这么多包裹。语法题。考查从句引导词。wonder表示“惊奇；好奇”，后面接why更符合语境，说明“好 奇的原因”。 Since引导时间状语从句,表示 “自从”。因此本题选D项。2. 单选题It i

2、s essential that these application forms（ ）back as early as possible.问题1选项A.must be sentB.will be sentC.are sentD.be sent【答案】D【解析】句意:这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这很重要。语法题。考查虚拟语气。It is essential that +从句，从句用should +动词原形的，而且should可以省略。另外，application forms和send之间是被动关系，因此，从句动词应该是：should be sent。3. 单选题You forgot your key

3、s when you left home in the morning.Good heavens,（ ）.问题1选项A.so did I.B.so I did.C.so you did.D.so did you.【答案】B【解析】句意:早上，你离开家的吋候，忘记拿钥匙了。天啦，是的！语法题。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一个人。根据句意关系， 后句是表示同意上文陈述的内容，而第一句主句的动词是forgot （过去时），因此“sol did”表示“确实”，符合句意和结构，助动词需与前文保持时态一致。因此B项正确。4. 单选题During their first teacher trai

4、ning year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】句意:在他们教师培训的第一年，学生们为了观摩课程经常参观当地学校。考查名词辨析。observation 监视，观察；investigation调查，研究; inspection 检查，视察；examination 检查。因此A项符合句意，在此处表示“观摩”。5. 填空题Unemployment in the West:

5、 The quest for jobsIt is not（1）for politicians to reduce the Wests frighteningly high unemployment levels.A LITTLF geographical imagination helps to convey the scale of joblessness in the West. If the 44m people who are（2）in the mainly rich members of the OECD lived in one country, its population wo

6、uld be similar to（3）.In Spain itself, which has the Wests highest jobless rate (21 %), the number of people（4）work matches the combined population of Madrid and Barcelona. In America the 14m people officially jobless would（5）the fifth-most-populous state in the union. And in the 11m “underemployed”,

7、 who are working less than they would like, and it is the size of Texas.The landscape is not uniformly bleak. Germany, for example, now has a（6）jobless rate than before the financial crisis. But in most of the rich world the（7）of people unemployed, though down a bit from its peak in 2009, （8）still a

8、larmingly high, even as fears mount that several countries may be slipping back into recession. And the human cost of the economic crisis is paid largely（9）those who are out of work, for joblessness increases depression, divorce, substance abuse and pretty much everything that can go（10）in a life.Wo

9、rse, todays joblessness is a particularly dangerous sort. A disproportionate share of those out of work arc young, and youth unemployment leaves more scars, in terms of lower future wages and greater likelihood of future unemployment.【答案】1.impossible2.unemployed3.Spains4.without5.form6.lower7.number

10、8.is9.by10.wrong【解析】1.词汇题。该处句型为: It is .for sb. to do sth., 因此应填入一个形容词。根据文章可推测,此处句意为:对于政客们来说，降低西方国家令人为之恐惧的高失业率并不是不可能。2.词汇题。空格所在从句为定语从句,修饰先行词44m people, 前句句意为: 一张小的地理图片便能有助于映射出西方国家的失业情况。因此空格处应该指的是 “失业人群”。3.词汇题。根据空格后的“In Spain itself(就西班牙本身而言)”可知, 前面涉及的应该是西班牙的现状。这里应该指:失业人口和西班牙人口相一致。4.词汇题。此处句意为:没有工作的人数

11、与马德里和巴塞罗那的人口总数相当。5.词汇题。空格所在句意为:在美国，官方统计的失业人口为1400万，足以该国的第五大州。因此此处填入form表示“组成”。6.词汇题。根据前句句意“西方这景象也不全是这么惨淡”可推测此处表示:与金融危机之前扣比，德国如今的失业率却相对较低。7.词汇题。该处表示“失业人群的数量”,因此填入number比较合适。8.语法题。空格处应填入主句的谓语动词。主语是“proportion比例”,而且空格后是副词和形容词,所以此处填入系动词is。9.固定搭配。Be paid by 由承担，由支付。10.固定搭配。Go wrong 误入歧途。6. 单选题Have you a

12、funny（ ）or unusual experience that you would like to share?问题1选项A.amusementB.incidentC.accidentD.section【答案】B【解析】句意:你有想分享的有趣事情或不同寻常的经历吗？考查名词辨析。amusement 娱乐，快乐； incident 事件；accident 意外事故；section 部分，地区。因此B符合句意。7. 单选题The news about the terrible flood there greatly discouraged（ ）there for a sight-seeing

13、.问题1选项A.us from goingB.us to goC.our goingD.our to go【答案】A【解析】句意:关于那个地方的可怕洪水的新闻报道，使我们不想去那蓝观光了。考查固定搭配。discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。8. 单选题He（ ）meant to give his opinion, not to start an argument.问题1选项A.merelyB.sincerelyC.actuallyD.definitely【答案】A【解析】句意:他仅仅是打算提出自己的观点，并非想展开辩论。考查副词辨析。merely 仅仅；

14、sincerely 真诚地，诚恳地；actually 确实；definitely 明确地；确定地。因此A符合句意。9. 单选题China has hundreds of islands.（ ）is Taiwan Island.问题1选项A.among them the largestB.and the largest of whichC.and the largest of themD.but in which the largest【答案】C【解析】句意:中国有数百个岛屿，最大的岛是台湾岛。语法题。考查复合句。逗号连接两个句子,因此空格处至少有一个连词。故排除A项。B 项中“the larg

15、est of which”和 D 项中“in which the largest” 都不能充当主语。 因此，正确答案是C项。10. 单选题Though he was born and brought up in American, he can speak（ ）Chinese.问题1选项A.fluidB.smoothC.fluentD.flowing【答案】C【解析】句意:虽然他出生并成长于美国，但是他的汉语很流利。考查形容词辨析。fluid 流动的；液体的；smooth 平滑的；fluent 流利的；flowing 流动的。因此C项符合句意。11. 单选题Did Hanna say anyt

16、hing about me in her letter?”“Only that shed appreciate（ ）from you?问题1选项A.to hearB.hearingC.to hearingD.to have heard【答案】B【解析】句意:“Hana在信中有提及我吗？ ”“只说她很感谢收到你的信吗？”考查固定搭配。appreciate doing sth. 感谢（某人）做某事。12. 翻译题1.外国朋友来南宁都喜欢买诸如绣球、壮锦之类的东西作为纪念品，因为这些都很有壮族特色。2.中国亿万富翁企业家马云近日透露了自己的成功秘诀，其中之一即公司要想成功就要多聘请女性员工。3. C

17、limb does not claim to nurture billionaires, nor to care much about any of the intangible benefits of education.4. Seagull attacks are a big problem in coastal settlements, where about a tenth of Britons live.5. In 2012 the Health and Social Care Act created a legal responsibility for the government

18、 to give the same priority to mental health as it gives to physical health.【答案】1. Foreign friends like to buy things like Hydrangea and Zhuang brocade as souvenirs when they come to Nanning, because they all have characteristics with Zhuang nationality.2.Ma Yun, a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur, r

19、ecently revealed his secret of success: if the company wants to succeed, it must hire more female employees.3.Climb并没有宣称要培养亿万富翁，也没有太关心教育带来的无形好处。4.海鸥袭击是沿海定居点的一个大问题，大约十分之一的英国人居住在那里。5.2012年，健康和社会护理法规定，政府有法律责任将精神健康与身体健康视为同等重要的事情。13. 单选题We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but st

20、ress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks tiog24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, whi

21、le the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shockLaudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn

22、off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control

23、unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists susp

24、icions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine cond

25、itioned (使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin (糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to e

26、xtinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully con

27、ditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to skill them.1. Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off theelectricity（ ）.2. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to（ ）.33. The rea

28、son why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that（ ）.4. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Aders experimentwas that（ ）.5. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals（ ）. 问题1选项A.was strengthenedB.was not affectedC.

29、was alteredD.was weakened问题2选项A.try to control unpleasant stimuliB.turn off the electricityC.behave passively in controllable situationsD.become abnormally suspicious问题3选项A.they disliked its tasteB.it affected their immune systemC.it led to stomach painsD.they associated it with stomachaches问题4选项A.t

30、hey had been weakened psychologically by the saccharinB.the sweetener was poisonous to themC.their immune systems had been altered by the mindD.they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning问题5选项A.can be weakened by conditioningB.can be suppressed by drug infectionsC.can be affected b

31、y frequent doses of saccharinD.can be altered by electric shocks【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段倒数第二句指出: Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity (Laudenslager发现，无助老鼠（不能关掉电流的老鼠） 的免疫功能被

32、削弱至低于正常水平，但是，对于那些能切断电流的老鼠的免疫 功能则不会受到影响)。因此B项“不受影响”正确。2.细节事实题。第二段第三句指出: But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control (但是，如果动物有（老鼠）面对过控制不了的情况， 那么，以后即使在自己能够控制的情况下，其反应也是消极的)，因此C项“在可控制的情况下，表现得消极”正确。3.

33、细节事实题。第三段指出: Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener (将糖精与胃疼关联 后，老鼠很快学会避免糖精)。因此，选D项“他们与胃疼有关联”。4.判断推理题。第三段举例是为了证明该段中心句，即: .how the mind can alter the immune response.(思想是如何改变/影响免疫系统)，故选C项“它们的免疫系统被其思想改变了”。5.判断推理题。第三段中Ader的实验说明通过各种具体手段使动物形成某种条件反

34、射就能削弱其免疫功能。因此，A项“条件反射可能减弱免疫系统”正确。14. 单选题The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state（ ）.问题1选项A.pensionsB.earningsC.salariesD.donations【答案】A【解析】句意:老年俄罗斯公民发现，依靠国家的养老金生活很艰难。考查名词辨析。pension 养老金；earning 收益；工资；salary 薪水；donation捐赠；捐款。因此A项正确。15. 单选题The police are trying to（ ）what really happened

35、.问题1选项A.ascertainB.assertC.avertD.ascribe【答案】A【解析】句意:警方正试图弄清到底发生了什么事。考查动词辨析。ascertain查明，弄清；assert 主张，断言，声明，维护，坚持；avert 防止，避免，避开；ascribe 把归于，把 归咎于。因此A符合句意。16. 单选题He will（ ）resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.问题1选项A.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonably【答案】C【解析】句意:鉴

36、于此次调研项目的完全失败，他很有可能会辞职。考查副词辨析。doubtfully 怀疑地， 含糊地；adequately足够地，适当地;presumably 据推测，可能；reasonably 明辨道理地，合理地，有理性地。根据此句“鉴于此次调研项目的完全失败”推测C项符合句意。17. 单选题The person who（ ）this type of research deserves our praise.问题1选项A.originatedB.manufacturedC.generatedD.estimated【答案】A【解析】句意:发起这类研究的人值得夸奖。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过

37、去式。originate 创立；开创；发明；manufacture制造，生产；加工；generate引起；产生；estimate估计；预测；评价。因此A项符合句意。18. 单选题He made up his mind to lost his weight by sticking to a diet no matter how the food（ ） him.问题1选项A.attractedB.appealedC.inducedD.tempted【答案】D【解析】句意:无论食物多么引诱他，他都已经下定决心通过节食减肥。考查动词辨析。attract吸引（人）；appeal上诉，通常后面接appea

38、l to sb.; induce 引起；tempt 引诱（人），馋（人）。因此D符合句意。19. 单选题Senior government figures（ ）in the cover-up.问题1选项A.could have acquiredB.must have acquiescedC.might have doneD.will have required【答案】B【解析】句意:政府高级官员必然已经默许掩盖真相。考查短语辨析。空格处动词与in搭配，后面接宾语cover-up (掩盖，掩饰)。Acquiesce in sth. 默然接受；默许；顺从。20. 单选题Why docs a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except （ ）?问题1选项A.ingredientsB.elementsC.componentsD.compounds【答案】A【解析】句意:为什么素食餐馆使其食物除了成分外，其他都像肉类呢？考查名词辨析。ingredient（食物等的）成分； element 因素；component （机器等的）元件、部件；compound （化学等的）合成物。因此A符合句意。