2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷35（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap ha

2、lf-day flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is fighting hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. It is succeeding in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but not in new ter

3、ritories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of fo

4、reign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fe

5、ar of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners. More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, i

6、n partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile. Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to

7、 the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar arc generally clean and unspoilt and have a high

8、standard of services. But the trump card is the Andes mountain range.There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist, visitors, including m

9、ountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers. However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and part poor quality of roads

10、in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks. Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of route

11、s to the US and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent. Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of ar

12、eas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Green peace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed.

13、There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts. The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow touris

14、ts there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a bala

15、nced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.1.Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by（ ） .2.More than half of Chiles tourists come from（ ） .3.According to the author, Chiles gr

16、eatest attraction is（ ） .4.According to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already under way?5.According to the article, in Chile, the services of airlines to Asia are（ ） .问题1选项A.geographical locationB.guerrilla warfareC.political instabilityD.street crime问题2选项A.USAB.the Far EastC.western Eur

17、opeD.Argentina问题3选项A.the unspoilt beachesB.the dry and hot desertC.the famous mountain rangeD.the high standard of services问题4选项A.Facilities in the ski resorts.B.Domestic transport system.C.Air services to Asia.D.Road network in the south.问题5选项A.only a small number of routesB.almost non-existentC.as

18、 many as in EuropeD.the largest amount【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利在推销旅游业时不足之处是”。文章第一段提到“智利在推销自己是一个好的旅游去处所面对的困难是因为它处在地球的最边缘”（The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth），由此可知是因为它的地理位置导致

19、旅游业发展不好，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利一半以上的游客来自哪里”。文章第一段最后一句提到超过50%的游客来自阿根廷（More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher），选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，智利最大的景点是”。文章第二段最后一句提到王牌是安第斯山脉（But the trump card is the Andes mountain range）

20、，选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，哪方面的改革已经在进行”。文章第三段提到“国内的交通正在改善，豪华酒店正在其中一个国家公园内兴建”（Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks），由此可知，正在进行改革的是国内的交通系统，选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可得知，智利通往亚洲的航线服务”。文章第三段提到飞往亚洲的航线几乎不存在（While Chiles two largest air

21、lines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the US and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent），因此选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished spoiling habits are under way. Whether its one of Londons parks fu

22、ll of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Super bowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our spoiling culture.That ann

23、ual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and

24、 Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship b

25、ecome just that. This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, blit made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.The skillful way in which American football

26、 has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical. Willi scats at U

27、S $125, gate receipts along were a staggering $10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that

28、some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minutc halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relics for its essence on the flowing nature of t

29、he action.Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see that they play at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less

30、 than a “World Title” fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!1.Globalization of sporting culture means that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?3.As is used in the passage, globalization comes closest in meani

31、ng to（ ）.4.What is the authors attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?5.Why should the title fights in boxing be held in different countries of the world?问题1选项A.more people are taking up sports.B.traditional spoils are getting popular.C.many local sports

32、 are becoming international.D.foreigners are more interested in local sports.问题2选项A.Good economic returns.B.Revival of traditional games.C.Communications technologyD.Marketing strategies.问题3选项A.commercializationB.“westernization”C.“speculation”D.“standardization”问题4选项A.Favorable.B.Unclear.C.Reserved

33、.D.Critical.问题5选项A.Because they are very exciting.B.Because people do not want to pay to see them.C.Because people want to see the most exciting games.D.Because they are less exciting【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“运动文化全球化的含义是”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们正在目睹一场体育文化的全球化过程”（We are witnessing a globa

34、lization of our spoiling culture）。接下来举了自行车竞赛（bicycle race）的例子，提到自行车竞赛开始是在法国、比利时、荷兰、西班牙和意大利受欢迎，最近几年又受到了哥伦比亚的登山者，美国和爱尔兰的骑手的青睐，由此可以看出这项本来只在当地流行的运动走向了国际，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项与巨大的变化（全球化）无关”。文章第二段提到标致、米其林和松下这些跨国企业，他们在团队上投入了数百万美元，期望获得全球回报，所以选项A与全球化有关，排除；该段还提到我们正在见证一场以经济为基础、一场由通信技术促成的革命（This is undoubt

35、edly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology），由此选项C“通信技术”可以排除；该段最后一句话提到“推销比赛，你同时也在推销可口可乐或者百威啤酒”（Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well）。综上，选项B符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“文章中的全球化与哪个词意思最接近”。文章第二段提到各大跨国公司投资体育赛事都是为了获得全球的经济回报（Peugeot

36、, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams），以及提到卖体育赛事也同时在做各种产品的推广；文章第三段提到美国橄榄球推广到欧洲并不是想推广这项运动，而是为了增加对观众人数，增加商人们的利益（The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of peopl

37、e interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical），由此可以看出，“全球化”相当于“商业化”，选项A符合题意4.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对将足球比赛的时间改成4个25分钟的建议持什么态度”。文章倒数第二段提到“这种想法是无耻的，目的是为了获得更多的广告收入，而不考虑这项运动的完整性”（The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving a

38、ny thought for the integrity of a sport which relics for its essence on the flowing nature of the action），由此可以看出作者对这个想法是持批评态度的，选项D符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“为什么拳击比赛要在全世界各国举行”。文章最后一段举了拳击的例子是为了说明“随着体育运动项目进入世界市场，我们作为消费者的需求也在不断变化，我们需要观看高水平的比赛”（Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of

39、sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see that they play at a higher and higher level），因此选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Everybody gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until finally sonic attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern i

40、ndustrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, o

41、ne for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.Because ill health is universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill h

42、ealth entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other word

43、s, an institution. To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness arc very elementary, often

44、 involving only two roles: the sick and the healer. The latter is typically also the priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modem industrialized so

45、cieties, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, and hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in f

46、act, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.1.Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph I?2.The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 means “（ ）.3.In Paragraph 2, we lear

47、n that the sociologist regards medicine as（ ）.4.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?5.The author of this passage is mainly concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.B.Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.C.Most o

48、f us are aware of the full value of health.D.Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.问题2选项A.make way forB.give power toC.write an order forD.make it possible for问题3选项A.a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthyB.a universal problem that affec

49、ts every societyC.a social responsibility to treat ill healthD.a science that focuses on the treatment of disease问题4选项A.In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill.B.in pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing.C.Modem medicine is so complicated that s

50、ociology no longer has a place in it.D.There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him.问题5选项A.sociological aspects in medicineB.medical treatment of diseasesC.the development of medical scienceD.the role of religion in medicine【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3

51、题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第一段，下列哪个描述是正确的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受伤让我们痛苦一生，直到对身体的一些攻击能让我们死去”（Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until finally sonic attack on the body brings our existence to an end），选项B“人生有许多痛苦和磨难”符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是”。文章第二段提到某些人去决定谁生了病，以及决定这些病人被怎样处理（au

52、thorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated），选项B“给以权力”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第二段中，我们可以得知社会学家将药品作为”。文章第二段的最后一句“对于社会学家来说，医学是关于维持健康和治疗疾病的一种制度”（To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease），选项A“一

53、种以治疗疾病和维持人体健康为目的的体系”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段，下列不正确的是”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society），所以选项C“现代医学如此复杂，以至于社会

54、学在其中不再有任何位置”与描述不符合，所以是答案。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章作者关心的是”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society），选项A“医学的社会学方面”符合题意。4. 单选

55、题The first thing people remember about failing at math is that it felt like sudden death. Whether the incident occurred while learning “word problems” in six grade, or coping with equations in high school, or first confronting calculus and statistics in college, failure came suddenly and in a very f

56、rightening way! If assume that the curriculum was reasonable, and that the new idea was but next in a series of learnable concepts, the feeling of utter defeat was simply not rational; yet “math anxious” college students and adults have revealed that no matter how much the teacher reassured them, th

57、ey could not overcome that feeling.A common myth about the nature of mathematical ability holds that one either has or does not have a mathematical mind. Mathematical imagination and an intuitive grasp of mathematical principles may well be needed to do advanced research, but why should people who c

58、an do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well? Rates of learning may vary. Competency under time pressure may differ. Certainly low self-esteem will get in the way. But where is the evidence that a student needs a “mathematical mind” in order to succeed at l

59、earning math?Consider the effects of this mythology. Since only a few people are supposed to have this mathematical mind, part of what makes us so passive in the face of our difficulties in learning mathematics is that we suspect all the while we may not be one of “them”, and we spend our time waiti

60、ng to find out when our non-mathematical minds will be exposed. Since our limit will eventually be reached, we see no point in being methodical of in attending to detail. We are grateful when we survive fractions-word problems or geometry. If that certain moment of failure hasnt struck yet, it is on

61、ly temporarily postponed.Parents, especially parents of girls, often expect their children to be non-mathematical. Parents are either poor at math or they failed themselves. In either case, they unwillingly foster the idea that a mathematical mind is something one either has or does not have.1.Accor

62、ding to the passage, who are likely to experience math anxiety?2.How would “math anxious” students probably react to their failure at math?3.Which of the following statements is true about “math anxious” students?4.The author believes that（ ）.5.The passage could best be entitled by（ ）.问题1选项A.Primary

63、 school students.B.High school students.C.College students.D.All of the above.问题2选项A.Slow down their lessons.B.Ask more questions than necessary.C.Go to the teacher for reassuranceD.Panic and accept the defeat.问题3选项A.They realize that the feeling of utter defeat is irrational.B.They assume that the

64、curriculum is not reasonable.C.They feel the new ideas are too difficult for them to learn.D.They regard the new ideas as only something to be encountered next in a series of learnable concepts.问题4选项A.a person either has or does not have a mathematical mindB.a student needs a mathematical mind to succeed at learning college level mathC.people doing advanced research in math usually have what is called