2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷98（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Under normal circumstances the body can （ ）these naturally occurring substances into vitamins.问题1选项A.convertB.renderC.deriveD.originate【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。convert转化，转变；render致使，提供；derive源于，获得；originate发源，发生。句意：在正常情况下，身体可以将这些自然产生的物质转化为维生素。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题A hush fell

2、 over the guests who had（ ）for the wedding celebration.问题1选项A.assembledB.participatedC.attendedD.summoned【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assemble “集合，聚集”；participate “参与，分享”；attend “参加”；summon “召唤，召集”。句意：为结婚庆典而聚在一起的客人们安静下来了。选项A符合题意。3. 翻译题Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the

3、lives of all members of society. All the goods and services you buy, the stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used tex

4、tbook back to the campus book store or to convince your parents to finance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importance for students. Many of you will work in marketingwhether in sales, retailing, adver

5、tising, or another field-in a for-profit firm or a nonprofit organization. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketingin sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix, marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(细分)and other ar

6、eas.What does a business firm do in our economy? Reduced to basics, businesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in todays competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine p

7、eoples needs and wants, and then produce goods and services to satisfy them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its customers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market

8、, since consumers do not buy them.【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销

9、售、广告、营销概念、营销组合、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。企业在我们的经济中扮演什么样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。4. 翻译题一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难，但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否

10、严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。自古以来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉，我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。当今社会要求我们思考，生命的价值到底是什么？为自己？为社会？有衡量它的标准吗？每个人对这些问题的答案是不同的。【答案】What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Difficult as it is to adva

11、nce an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of ones existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rath

12、er devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of the common laborers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our country.Nowadays society requires us to think what is the value of life. For oneself? For the society? Is there a stand

13、ard to measure it? Everyone has different answers to these questions.5. 单选题A Korean manufacturer has （ ） us a price ten percent lower than yours.问题1选项A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer “涉及”；offer “提供”；give “给予”；tell “告诉”。句意：韩国生产商的出价比你们的低。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题Whether the eyes are “the wi

14、ndows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real hu

15、man face with eyes covered then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye then the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people. 7

16、5 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants to not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either

17、to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of

18、 their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker,

19、 allowing themselves-to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, at the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or wi

20、ll terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1.The author is co

21、nvinced that the eyes are（ ）.2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person（ ）.3.According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner neck because（ ）.4.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to（ ）.5.To keep a conversatio

22、n flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants（ ）.问题1选项A.something through which one can see a persons inner worldB.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largely a ma

23、tter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering问题3选项A.they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they dont how to communicate through eye contactC.they dont think

24、 it polite to have eye contactD.they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood问题4选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题5选项A.not to wear dark

25、glassesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable paused【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提到“眼睛是心灵的窗户这个说法是有争议的，但是在人际交往中眼睛非常重要是事实”Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in inte

26、rpersonal communication is fact，选项B “在表达情感和交流思想时非常重要”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“一张真正的人脸但是眼睛被遮住了不能引发婴儿笑，只露出一只眼睛的侧脸也不能让婴儿笑”（a real human face with eyes covered then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye then the face is presented in profile），由此可知选项C“从侧面看某人的脸”符合题意。第3题:细

27、节事实题。文章第一段提到“日本的婴儿被母亲背在背上，在他们的文化中没有接收太多关于眼神交流的内容”（In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants to not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures），所以他们交流时喜欢看对方的脖子而不是眼睛，选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“重要的是他们要在说话人重新建立眼神交流的时刻看向说话人；如果他们没有看向对方，说话人会认为他们对所说话题不感兴趣

28、或者以为他们想中断谈话”（It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, at the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation），因此选项C“

29、停止眼神交流的时间不当”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“当谈话双方都戴墨镜的时候就会知道这种眼神交流对于保持通畅谈话有多重要：可能会中途被打断，错误的开始或者意料之外的停顿等等”（It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are not looking, at the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and eit

30、her will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation），选项A符合题意。7. 单选题I have searched all the book stores in this town. The book you asked for is not （ ）.问题1选项A.tediousB.vividC.availableD.sufficient【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。tedious意为“冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的”；vivid意为“生动的，逼真的”；available意为“可找到的，可购

31、得的，可获得的”；sufficient意为“足够的，充足的”。句意：我搜遍了这个镇上所有的书店，你要的那本书没有找到。8. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the tr

32、ends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing

33、 fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to. And girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to foll

34、ow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats

35、indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused at depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats; more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. Afte

36、r World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, shirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can

37、dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion house.At the same time, appearance is still important in cert

38、ain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going as if we were going to the beach or a night clu

39、b. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo.Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!1.The author believes that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashions are（ ）.4.Present-day

40、 society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.reluctant to follow the trends in fashionB.far from neglecting what is in fashionC.concerned about appearance in old ageD.satisfied with their appearance问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.individ

41、ual dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.unknownC.variedD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situationsB.Fashion in formal and informal situationsC.Ignoring appearance in informal situationsD.Ignoring app

42、earance in all situations【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到“很少有人满足于自己的现状，也很少有人会忽视潮流”（Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion），选项B “绝不会忽视潮流的东西”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段提到时尚杂志和电视广告试图说服我们在特定的场合穿特定的衣服，表现出特定的礼仪。在他们看来，这样做

43、会让我们更加自信地去结识新的朋友（If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently）。因此可以推断出时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与自信联系在一起，选项A符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段第一二句提到“引起时尚改变的原因是什么？有时候是因为方便或者实际需要或者因为某个人的影响”（What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical n

44、ecessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion），由此可以看出，引起时尚变化的原因是多方面的，无法确定的，选项C“多样的”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章倒数第二段提到现在的社会比以前自由、简单，不需要跟他人穿着一样。你可以穿你喜欢穿的衣服，做你喜欢做的发型，不是因为这些流行，单纯因为喜欢。（Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you sho

45、uld because it is the fashion），由此可知，现在重视的是“个性”。选项D符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到衣服发型可以出于自己的喜好进行选择，不必考虑是否流行，也不需要随大流。最后一段提到在正式的场合还是需要注重仪表，接着举了一些例子来说明穿衣服应该分清场合。选项A “正式场合需要注重仪表”符合题意。9. 单选题In the U.S. 88 percent of smokers has started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is （ ）to sell cigarettes to an

46、yone under that age.问题1选项A.liableB.liberalC.irrationalD.illegal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。liable“有责任的，有义务的”； liberal “自由主义的，慷慨的”；irrational “不合理的，无理性的，荒谬的”；illegal“非法的，违法的”。句意：在美国，88%的烟民十八岁之前就开始抽烟，尽管将烟售卖给未成年人是不合法的。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be （ ）to work hard, with

47、 the result that tax revenues might actually shrink问题1选项A.cultivatedB.licensedC.motivatedD.innovated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。cultivated“有教养的”；licensed“得到许可的”；motivated“有动机的”；innovated“改革的，创新的”。句意：如果商人被收太重的税，他们将不再努力工作，结果就是税收收入会缩水。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题The meeting was（ ） by the National Association of Women for th

48、e purpose of furthering the womens liberation movement.问题1选项A.chairedB.sponsoredC.participatedD.assigned【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。chair意为“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”；sponsor意为“赞助（活动、节目）等，主办，举办”；participate意为“参加，参与”；assign意为“分派，选派，分配”。句意：会议由全国妇女协会主办，目的是促进妇女解放运动。12. 单选题（ ）, theres a good reason for her absence, a

49、s she doesnt usually stay away from work.问题1选项A.IdealB.PrincipallyC.PresumablyD.Originally【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。ideally “理想地”；principally “主要地”；presumably “大概”；originally “原始地”。句意：她没来可能是有原因的，因为她通常不会擅离岗位。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac（囊）, or alveolu

50、s（肺泡）, and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary（毛细血管）are between the air and the blood. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into

51、 the air sacs.When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much ox

52、ygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on the lining of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide

53、diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart, which sends it out to all other parts of the body.Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some of its oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should

54、, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rote to keep your air sacs supplied w

55、ith fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when you are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when you breathe in, or inhale（吸入）, while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or

56、exhale.Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen（氮）. This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as

57、 air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: (1) About one fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into the blood. (2) An almost equal amount of carbon dioxide comes out of the blood into the air. (3) Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs

58、evaporates until the air is almost saturated.1.It can be inferred from the passage that oxygen and carbon dioxide（ ）.2.When blood travels back to the lungs by the heart,（ ）.3.The movement of breathing can effectively（ ）.4.When we breathe out, the amount of nitrogen（ ）.5.The air in the lungs changes

59、through（ ）.问题1选项A.produce energy for breathingB.diffuse immediately in the bloodC.penetrate slowly into the air sacsD.travel in opposite ways in the lungs问题2选项A.more oxygen was contained in bloodB.more carbon dioxide was contained in the bloodC.less carbon dioxide was contained in an air sacD.less o

60、xygen was contained in an air sac问题3选项A.help the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungsB.prevent the inhaling of excessive carbon dioxideC.keep the regular circulation of bloodD.strengthen the function of breathing muscles问题4选项A.increases a bit because of the exchange of airB.reduces a b

61、it because of the exchange of airC.remains the same as we breathe it inD.keeps the same as that needed in lungs问题5选项A.inhaling some amount of oxygenB.the evaporation of moistureC.exhaling some amount of carbon dioxideD.generating a passage for evaporation【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章

62、提到气囊中二氧化碳过多会迫使人进行呼吸，而不是说它们为呼吸产生能力，因此选项A可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的后半部分提到“二氧化碳很容易从血液中扩散到气囊中”（while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs），由此可知二氧化碳是扩散到气囊而不是到血液中，所有选项B可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的前半部分提到“所以氧气可以很轻易地通过气囊壁从气囊扩散到血液中”（so oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through th

63、e walls into the blood），所以选项C“它们都是很慢地渗透到气囊中”说法错误，排除。因此，选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“当血液被心脏送到肺里的时候，它是从身上其他细胞里流回来的，所以流入气囊壁的血液带有很多溶解的二氧化碳和少量的空气”（When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen），所以这个时候血液里的二氧化碳含量会增