2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷52（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can be briefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. T

2、his favorable ratio enhanced womens status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early British colonies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necess

3、ary that each member of the community perform an economic function. Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and unattached women to be self-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parce

4、ls of land. There was no social sanction against married women working ； on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expec

5、ted to work for their keep.The vast majority o women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women were fou

6、nd in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholsterers. They tan mills, plantations, tanyards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurse

7、s, and teachers.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritan were （ ）.3.According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women?4.According to the passage, which products were made entirely by women?问题1选项A.Colonial marriages.B.The Pu

8、ritan religion.C.Colonial womens employment.D.Education in the colonies.问题2选项A.uneducatedB.hardworkingC.generousD.wealthy问题3选项A.They should adopt needy children.B.They should assist in their husbands trade or business.C.They should work only within their own homes.D.They should be apprenticed.问题4选项A

9、.Gunpowder and bullets.B.Cups and plates.C.Cloth and clothing.D.Paper and books【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，殖民时期因为女性人数很少，所以对她们的社会地位和就业产生了有利影响，女性可以有自己的职业选择。所以文章主要是讨论女性的就业。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early British colonies in North America, r

10、egarded idleness as a sin,”，他们认为懒惰是一种罪恶，可是清教徒是勤劳的。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home.” 丈夫期待妻子可以在他们的领域内帮助他们，并且可以从事额外的行业。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The entire colonial production of cloth a

11、nd clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women.”可知，布料和服装都是女性亲手做的。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly （ ） source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.exploitedB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.remarkable【答案】C【解析】形容词词义

12、辨析。exploited “被利用的”；controversial “有争议的”；inexhaustible “无穷无尽的”；remarkable “卓越的，非凡的”。句意：热带植物的多样性代表了似乎用之不竭的原材料，其中只有少部分被利用了。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题James is quite （ ） with the customs and languages of the people in that part of the country.问题1选项A.knowledgeableB.commonC.awareD.familiar【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。knowledgeab

13、le “博学的”;common “普遍的”;aware “意识到的”;familiar “熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯对这个国家的这个地区人们的习俗和语言都相当熟悉。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题We will see（ ） the children are properly educated.问题1选项A.to themB.to thatC.to it whetherD.to it that【答案】D【解析】考查语法。see to it that “确保，务必”，句意：我们必须确保孩子们是被正确地教育的。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Certainly no creature in the sea i

14、s odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures，especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud，feeds almost continuously day and night bu

15、t can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?For some fifty million years，despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under roc

16、ks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-colored and nearly

17、 white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber-shapedhence their name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with (heir flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.Althou

18、gh they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic ratefeeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this facult

19、y. they would devour all the food availa-ble in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the wate

20、r. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or the water becomes too polluted.1.According to the passage, why is the shape of

21、 sea cucumber important?2.The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses（ ）3.What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?4.Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?问题1选项A.Because it helps them digest food.B

22、.Because it helps them protect themselves from danger.C.Because it makes it easier for them to move through mud.D.Because it makes them attractive to fish.问题2选项A.the reproduction of sea cucumbersB.the food sources of sea cucumbersC.the eating habits of sea cucumbersD.threats to sea cucumbers existen

23、ce问题3选项A.They are very sensitive to the surrounding stimuli.B.They are almost useless.C.They require group cooperation.D.They are similar to those of most sea creatures.问题4选项A.A touchB.FoodC.Unusually warm waterD.Pollution【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“enables them to squeeze into crev

24、ices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.”。可知海参的颜色和形状使它们可以藏进裂缝中，可以远离捕食者，更好地保护自己。选项B符合题意。2.主旨题。根据第四段，“Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night.”。海参的胃口很大，可以昼夜不停地吃。可知第四段主要讨论海参的饮食习惯。选项C符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it

25、 is attacked or even touched” 一受到攻击甚至是触摸，海参把内脏会喷射到水里然后重生，可推断出海参对外界的攻击反应是很灵敏的。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段， “if it is attacked or even touched if the surrounding water temperature is too high or the water becomes too polluted.”。可知水温、水污染、攻击或者触碰都会使海参有反应。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题The death of his father gave him a Whol

26、e new（ ）on life： now he spends more time with his family.问题1选项A.perspectiveB.euphemismC.conformationD.providence【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。perspective “观点”；euphemism “委婉语”；conformation “构造”；providence “天意，深谋远虑”。句意：他父亲的死亡给了他一个对生活的新观点：现在他要花更多的时间在家庭上。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Fun is what we experience during an act. Happines

27、s is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more（ ） emotion.问题1选项A.compellingB.abidingC.violentD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。compelling “引人注目的”；abiding “持久的”；violent “暴力的”；sophisticate “复杂的”。句意：乐趣是在一种行为中体会到的。快乐是在行为之后体会到的。快乐的感受更深一些，并且更加持久一些。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Ill go to the airport tomorrow mor

28、ning to （ ） a good friend who leaves for Australia.问题1选项A.see offB.send offC.turn offD.say departure【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。see off“送别，送行”；send off“发送，派遣”；turn off“关掉，拐弯”；say departure“说离开”。句意：明天早上我将去机场，跟我即将去往澳大利亚的朋友送别。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题As the worlds largest grain exporter, the United States has （ ） power over th

29、e world food distribution system.问题1选项A.assortedB.unrivaledC.compoundedD.intrigued【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。Assorted “各种各样的”；unrivaled “至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded “复合的,”intrigued “好奇的，被迷住的”。句意：美国作为世界上最大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Competition, they believe, （ ）the national character than corrupt it.问题1选

30、项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。enforce “强迫，强制”，confirm “确定”，intensify“使变得更强烈”，strengthen“增强力量”。句意：他们相信竞争能增强民族性，而不是使民族堕落。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题The animal dissection requirement of biology classes has been getting under the skin of students for generations, and there have

31、always been some who asked to be excused from the requirement. Now, a growing number of technological alternatives are making it possible for students to swap that scalpel for a computer mouse. There are laws in nearly a dozen states including California, Florida, New York protecting a students choi

32、ce to learn about animal anatomy sans scalpel. Some students choosing to opt out feel we should be kinder to our web-footed friends. Others are just queasy at the thought of rubbery frog bodies and the smell of formaldehyde.“Dissection is icky. Theres a yuck factor. ” admits Brian Shmaersky, a board

33、 member with the National Association of Biology Teachers. “And a teacher has to weigh the benefits with the cost of students being offended to the point that it interferes with learning. ”Virtual blades. So for cases in which a real dissection would be too slimy, its time to try some toad tech. Whi

34、le the first computer-based alternatives to dissection emerged in the 1980s, modem frog dissection software can be found at different websites. These software programs use creative clicking, high-powered zoom functions, and video clips to teach anatomy. Froguts software, for example, lets students t

35、race incision lines with a computer mouse and snip through skin with a virtual blade. There are even sound effects like a “slish” for slicing frog flesh, or a “shwoosh” for pinning down skin flaps.(Schools currently pay about $ 300 for a one-year software license, though some organizations will lend

36、 programs out free of charge.)Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic (the Greek word for “touch”) frog dissection program, which uses a pen like tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh. The hand-held device

37、 connects to a computer, and students move the device through the air while watching the results of their actions on a computer screen.With Digital Frog a popular program thats had approximately 1, 500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2, 000 schools students can add or su

38、btract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click. They can then assess their learning with sporadic frog anatomy quizzes.“Repetition is helpful. The fact that a student can review sections of a program over and over again is important,” says Martin Stephens, vice president for animal research

39、issues at the Humane Society of the United States. “In dissections, the animals organs are all shriveled and discolored. You look for things and cant find them because body parts have changed drastically since the animal was killed. But on a computer screen, layers can be digitally peeled away. ” Ot

40、her experts think the dissection technology has its limits. Gerry Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association, says that artificial simulations dont give as enriching an experience as the real thing. Still others worry the programs are depriving kids of experiential lear

41、ning.1.The word “swap” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means（ ） .2.Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reasons except that（ ）.3.Brian Shmaersky s statement implies that（ ）.4.The authors attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be（

42、 ） .问题1选项A.exchangeB.throw awayC.rejectD.refuse问题2选项A.dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smellsB.are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulationC.they are offended when fulfilling the requirements of animal dissectionD.they insist that people should

43、treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects.问题3选项A.indeed supports the students animal protection movementB.thinks the animal dissection should be bannedC.thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectivelyD.always evaluates the teaching effect by weigh

44、ing reluctant factors of cost and effect问题4选项A.portiveB.doubtfulC.indifferentD.provocative【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章内容，很多同学不想做解剖，因为令人呕吐，现在有一种科学技术可以代替这种解剖，可以用鼠标电脑模拟进行。选项A符合题意。2.信息推断题。文章第一段讲到了学生不愿做解剖的原因，第一是因为气味让人感到恶心，然后认为动物是我们的朋友而不是物体，C选项是对这两者的概括，B选项不是原因而是一个结果。选项B符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段第一句，

45、可以知道教学要考虑学生的情感因素，教师要权衡利弊。选项C符合题意。4.观点态度题。考查对文章文意的理解以及对作者态度的揣测。从整篇文章看，虽然利用电脑程序做解剖有些不足，但是作者对这一法还是持积极态度的。12. 单选题Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results

46、 and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation t resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.1 would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide

47、funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archaeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preser-vation of archaeological sites

48、 and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavators grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our g

49、lobal cultural heritage, which should be available for all lo appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically,

50、 you may be correct in clamming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong. I refer to the thousand pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2000 virtuall

51、y indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as l melekh handles have been found in abundancemore than 4000 examples so far. The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future.

52、 There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds； as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior

53、to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes. 1.The primary purpose of the passage is to propose（ ）2.The author implies that a

54、ll the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT（ ）.3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?4.The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?问题1选项A.an altern

55、ative to museum display of artifactsB.a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological professionC.the governmental regulation of archaeological sitesD.a new system for cataloguing duplicate artifacts问题2选项A.A market for such artifacts already existsB.Such artifacts seldom have scien

56、tific valueC.Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifactsD.Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already catalogued in museum collections问题3选项A.Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.B.Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated

57、 from each other.C.Such artifacts often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.D.Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.问题4选项A.An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.B.Artifacts that wo

58、uld have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.C.Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.D.Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more commonplace.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。第一段介绍了考古界面临的问题。根据文章第二段，“make an outrageous suggestion

59、that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging.”作者是想提出一种方法解决考古的两个问题，一个是资金问题，另一个是非法挖掘的问题。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“there is the problem of illegal excavation t resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.”。可知非法挖掘导致了艺术品卖出高价，存在这样的市场，

60、所以A项可排除。根据文章第三段，“you may be correct in clamming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.”，可知认为每件工艺品都有价值是错的，选项B可排除。根据文章最后一段，“The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future.”，可知博物馆已经没有足够的

61、空间，无法储藏未来可能会被发现的文物，说明已经储藏了很多这样的文物，所以选项C可排除。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds”可知由于储存空间不够，没有足够的资金把它们编入目录，一旦被放进去就难以被找到。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“ancient artifacts are part

62、of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all lo appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder.”，可知人们认为古代文物是供人们欣赏的，而不是卖出高价，所以人们会反对被展出的文物卖给私人收藏家。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to（ ）, but rather to increase with every new discovery.问题1

63、选项A.clarifyB.eliminateC.diminishD.extinguish【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。clarify “澄清，阐明”；eliminate “消除，淘汰”；diminish “减少，贬低”；extinguish “熄灭，使破灭”。句意：我们知道的事情和未知的事情之间的间距似乎没有减少，反而随着新事物的发现而增加了。选项C符合题意。14. 翻译题There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfactions we get from a lifetime depend on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in s