2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷82（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The German Governments long-planned return to its historic capital is in full _ this summer, almost 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.问题1选项A.gearB.speedC.rateD.move【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项gear“齿轮；（特定用途的）器械”；B选项speed“（发生或进行的）速度，进度”，full speed“全速（或全力）向

2、前”；C选项rate“速度；比率”；D选项move“行动”。句意：在柏林墙倒塌近10年后的今年夏天，德国政府计划已久的重返历史上的首都的计划_。根据语境，这里指的是全力推动计划，结合词组full speed“全速（或全力）向前”，B选项speed“（发生或进行的）速度，进度”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题This is the Chinese _, translated from English.问题1选项A.publicationB.editorC.printingD.version【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项publication“发行，出版物”；B选项edi

3、tor“（报刊、杂志的）主编”；C选项printing“（书籍的）一次印刷”；D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”。句意：这是英文翻译过来的中文_。根据语境，这里指的是这原来是英文的，被翻译成了中文，D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题This is the military _. Nobody is allowed to get in without permission.问题1选项A.bondB.zoneC.butterD.zoo【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bond“纽带”；B选项zone“（有某特

4、色或作用的）地区”；C选项butter“黄油”；D选项zoo“动物园”。句意：这是军事_。未经允许，任何人不得入内。根据语境，这里指的是不得进入一个区域，B选项zone“有某特色或作用的）地区”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题He is very kind and has put his car entirely at our _ for the holiday.问题1选项A.usageB.disposalC.pleasureD.position【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项usage“使用，利用，利用率”；B选项at ones disposal “由某人支配，由某人

5、做主”；C选项at ones pleasure“随心所欲”；D选项position“位置，地方”。句意：他非常热心，在假期把他的汽车_。根据语境，这里指的是把车借给我们用，B选项at ones disposal“由某人支配”符合题意。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题_ our kindness to help her, Susan refused to listen to us.问题1选项A.At allB.For allC.In allD.On all【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项At all“（否定句）根本”；B选项For all“尽管”；C选项In all“总计”；D选项

6、On all“总的来说”。句意：_我们好心地帮助苏珊，她不听我们的。根据语境，这里应该填入连词表示逻辑关系，前后对比表示转折符合语境，B选项For all“尽管”符合题意。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题She cast her eyes round the room in _ of a chair to sit in.问题1选项A.demandB.requirementC.questionD.quest【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项demand“要求；需求”，in demand of非固定搭配，demand for sth.“要求某物”；B选项requirement“必需品；

7、必备条件”；C选项question“疑问；议题；困惑”；D选项quest“探索，寻找”，in quest of sth.“寻找/探索某事物”。句意：她向房间四下看，_椅子来坐。根据语境，这里指在房间里到处看，想找把椅子坐，D选项quest“探索，寻找”符合题意。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题You have your choice of three _ of ice cream.问题1选项A.varietiesB.topsC.respectsD.decks【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项varieties“（同一事物的）不同种类；品种”；B选项tops“顶端；表面”；C选项re

8、spects“（事物的）方面，细节”；D选项decks“（船或公共汽车的）一层”。句意：你有三_冰淇淋供你选择。根据语境，这里指的是有三种不同的冰淇淋，A选项varieties“（同一事物的）不同种类”符合题意。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflic

9、t.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their c

10、ollege careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Boakyethe only black student on his freshman year floorsaid that “if youre surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.”Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interraci

11、al students in residences. According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommate

12、s to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. “This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race,” she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indica

13、te race when applying tor housing.“One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. “This is the definition of integration.”“Ive experienced roommate conflicts between interracia

14、l students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes,” said one Penn resident advisor RA. The RA of two years added that while some conflicts “provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)”, there were also “jarring cultural confrontations”.The RA said that these co

15、nflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race. Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.1. What can we learn from some recent studies?2. What d

16、oes Sam Boakyes remark mean?3. What does the Indiana University study show?4. What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?5. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?问题1选项A.Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.B.Students of different races a

17、re prejudiced against each other.C.Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D.Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.问题2选项A.White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B.Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C.Black students feel somewhat embarrassed a

18、mong white peers during the freshman year.D.Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.问题3选项A.Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B.Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C.Roommates of different races just dont get along.D.Ass

19、igning students lodging randomly is not a good policy.问题4选项A.Students of different races are required to share a room.B.Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C.Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D.The school randomly assigns roommates without re

20、gard to race.问题5选项A.It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B.Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C.Students racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D.Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to ha

21、ndle the problems.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段Several recent studies have found that being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict.（最近的一些研究发现，让不同种族的学生住在一起可能会增强包容性，但也可能会增加冲突的几率。），可知不同种族

22、的学生住在一起可能会有好的结果和不好的结果，并且没有强调更有可能是好的还是不好的结果，D选项“让不同种族的学生住在一起可能有不同的结果”正确，A选项“不同种族的学生之间的冲突不可避免”和C选项“让不同种族的学生住在一起弊大于利”错误。B选项“不同种族的学生互相有偏见”：根据第二段Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice（最近的报告发现，与不同种族的学生住在一起可能会减少偏见），可知文章表达的重点是偏见可能会减少，而不是强调偏见的存在。因此D选项正确。2.

23、【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.（与白人室友同住的黑人学生在整个大学生涯中获得了更高的学术成就。研究人员认为这可能是社会压力造成的。）和第四段In a New York Times article, Sam Boakyethe only black stu

24、dent on his freshman year floorsaid that “if youre surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.”（在纽约时报的一篇文章中，大学一年级唯一的黑人学生Sam boakye说：“如果你周围都是白人，你就得证明自己。”），可知与白人室友同住的黑人学生更加努力，因此获得了更高的学术成就，D选项“周围是白人同学的环境激励黑人学生更加努力地工作以获得成功”正确。B选项“黑人学生可以在学业上与白人同龄人竞争”：不是表达的重点，故错误。A选项“白人学生往往看不起他们的黑人同学”和C选项“在大学一年级期间，

25、黑人学生在白人同龄人中有些尴尬”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第五段第二句According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.（根据最近的两项研究，随机分配的不同种族的室友更有可能经历紧张的冲突，以至于其中一个室友会搬出去。）和第六段An Indiana University

26、 study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.（印第安纳大学的一项研究发现，到学期结束时，不同种族室友不住在一起的可能性是两个白人室友的三倍。），可知不同种族的学生住在一起比同种族的学生住在一起更容易闹矛盾，但不是一定会闹矛盾，A选项“不同种族的室友更容易争吵”正确，C选项“不同种族的室友相处不好”错误。B选项“很少有白人学生喜欢和黑人同学合住一个房间”：

27、没有具体提到白人学生对住宿对象的意向。D选项“随机分配学生住宿不是一个好政策”：这里讨论的是不同种族的学生住在一起的相关情况，而非随机分配学生住宿不是一个好政策是否合理。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第九段“the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. “This is the definition of integration.”（“这个过程会随意地把你们聚在一起。”本科生大会主席Alec Webley说，“这就是整合的定

28、义。”），可知这里的“整合”指的是把不同种族的学生随机聚在一起，D选项“学校随机分配室友，不考虑种族”正确。A选项“不同种族的学生被要求共享一个房间”和B选项“学校为新生安排不同种族的室友”：学校没有特意规定和硬性要求，室友都是随机分配，故错误。C选项“对不同种族的学生一视同仁”：这里的重点不是平等对待所有学生，给所有学生同样的福利或待遇，而是强调随机分配室友，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章最后一句Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of

29、 the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.（Kao说，她告诫不要基于任何一项研究得出一般性结论，指出需要研究和解释更多学生的背景特征。），可知Kao认为需要进行足够的研究才能给出结论，A选项“没有进一步研究就对其进行概括是不科学的”正确。B选项“学校在安排学生住宿时应该谨慎”，C选项“在分配住宿之前，应该考虑学生的种族背景”和D选项“应该指派有经验的室长来处理这些问题”：文中没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Wh

30、en you take a picture, you should _ carefully to get a sharp picture.问题1选项A.preserveB.fixC.focusD.object【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preserve“保存；维持”；B选项fix“维修；安排”；C选项focus“（使）调节焦距；聚焦（于）”；D选项object“反对”。句意：当你拍照时，应该仔细_，才能拍出清晰的照片。根据语境，这里指的是在拍照时要调整焦距，C选项focus“（使）调节焦距”符合题意。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题You will see this pro

31、duct _ wherever you go.问题1选项A.advertiseB.advertisingC.to be advertisedD.advertised【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你到哪里，都能看到这个产品的广告。当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。根据谓语动词是see，横线部分是宾语product的宾补，确定省略to；根据产品和打广告是被动关系，确定用被动语态，D选项advertised符合题意。A选项adv

32、ertise是动词原形；B选项advertising是现在分词形式；C选项to be advertised未省略to。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题This mountain range has many high _ and fertile valleys.问题1选项A.peaksB.hillsC.phasesD.pink【答案】B【解析】【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项peaks“山顶；顶峰”；B选项hills“山丘；（道路的）斜坡”；C选项phases“阶段”；D选项pink“粉红色”。句意：这条山脉有许多高_和肥沃的山谷。根据语境，这里指的是这条山脉包含了许多座山，B选项

33、hills“山丘”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题Nobody believes he made such a foolish mistake. People say he is very _.问题1选项A.experienceB.careerC.accurateD.actual【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项experience“经验；阅历”；B选项career“职业生涯”；C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”；D选项actual“实际的；（强调事情最重要的部分）真正的”。句意：没有人相信他犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。因为人们认为他非常_。根据语境，这里指的是在

34、别人眼中，他做事不会行差踏错，C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”符合题意，指的是他非常可靠。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题The key to these questions is the emotional response we call anxiety. Unlike hunger or thirst, which build and dissipate (驱散) in the immediate present, anxiety is the sort of feeling that sneaks up on you from the day after tomorrow.

35、Its supposed to keep you from feeling too safe. Without it, few of us would survive.All animals, especially the small, scurrying kind, appear to feel anxiety. Humans have felt it since the days they shared the planet with saber-toothed tigers. But we live in a particularly anxious age. The initial s

36、hock of Sept. 11 has worm off, and the fear has lifted, but millions of Americans continue to share a kind of generalized mass anxiety. A recent TIME/CNN poll found that eight months after the event, nearly two-thirds of Americans think about the terror attacks at least several times a week. And it

37、doesnt take much for all the old fears to come rushing back. What was surprising about the recent drumbeat of terror warnings was how quickly it triggered the anxiety so many of us thought we had put behind us.This is one of the mysteries of anxiety. While it is a normal response to physical danger-

38、and can be a useful tool for focusing the mind when theres a deadline looming (或隐或现)anxiety becomes a problem when it persists too long beyond the immediate threat. Sometimes theres an obvious cause, as with the shell-shocked soldiers of World War I or the terror-scarred civilians of the World Trade

39、 Center collapse. Other times, we dont know why we cant stop worrying.There is certainly a lot of anxiety going around. Anxiety disorderwhich is what health experts call any anxiety that persists to the point that it interferes with ones lifeis the most common mental illness in the U.S. In its vario

40、us forms, ranging from very specific phobias (恐惧症) to generalized anxiety disorder, it afflicts 19 million Americans.And yet, according to a survey published last January by researchers from UCLA, less than 25% of Americans with anxiety disorders receive any kind of treatment for their condition. “I

41、f mental health is the stepchild of the health-care system,” says Jerilyn Ross, president of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America. “then anxiety is the stepchild of the stepchild.”Sigmund Freud was fascinated with anxiety and recognized early on that there is more than one kind. He identifie

42、d two major forms of anxiety: one more biological in nature and the other more dependent on psychological factors. Unfortunately, his followers were so obsessed with his ideas about sex drives and unresolved conflicts that studies of the physical basis of anxiety languished (减退).1. What can be the m

43、ost suitable title of this passage?2. Why does the author give the example of the terrorist attack on Sept. 11?3. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?4. What does Jerilyn Ross mean by “If mental health is the stepchild of the health-care system.then anxiety is the s

44、tepchild of the stepchild.” in Paragraph 5?5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.Healing Anxiety.B.Understanding Anxiety.C.The Origin of Anxiety.D.The Hazards of Anxiety.问题2选项A.To show that anxiety seldom reoccurs.B.To indicate that anxiety is easy to arouse.C.To prove that human is

45、 at risk.D.To demonstrate that mankind is more nervous than any other time.问题3选项A.Anxiety disorder has a negative impact.B.Anxiety is one of the health care issues.C.Anxiety is supposed to be avoided.D.What leads to anxiety can be ambiguous.问题4选项A.The problem of mental health is neglected.B.The prob

46、lem of anxiety is neglected.C.Mental health is a health-care problem.D.Anxiety is a mental-health problem.问题5选项A.Sigmund Freuds ideas are well developed by the followers.B.Sex drives and unresolved conflicts can relieve anxiety.C.Sigmund Freud identified types of anxiety.D.More researches should be

47、conducted in physical aspect of anxiety.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章讲了焦虑是什么、焦虑的来源、焦虑带来的影响、治疗焦虑的研究和方法，B选项“理解焦虑”正确。A选项“治疗焦虑”，C选项“焦虑的起源”和D选项“焦虑的危害”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第三句But we live in a particularly anxious age.（但我们生活在一个特别焦虑的时代。）和第二段最后一句What w

48、as surprising about the recent drumbeat of terror warnings was how quickly it triggered the anxiety so many of us thought we had put behind us.（最近一连串恐怖的警告竟然如此迅速地引发了我们许多人以为已经抛在脑后的焦虑。），提出现在的人普遍焦虑的论点后引出911事件的例子进行论证，再点出抛在脑后的焦虑容易再次出现，B选项“表明焦虑是容易引起的”正确，A选项“表示焦虑很少再次发生”错误。C选项“证明人类处于危险之中”：这里的重点是危险引起的焦虑，而且文中没

49、有说类似于911的危险事件非常多，故错误。D选项“证明人类比任何时候都要紧张”：根据第二段第二、三句Humans have felt it since the days they shared the planet with saber-toothed tigers. But we live in a particularly anxious age.（自从人类与剑齿虎共享这个星球以来，就一直有这种感觉。但我们生活在一个特别焦虑的时代。），文中没有对比人类在各个时期的焦虑状况，不符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句Without it, fe

50、w of us would survive.（没有它，我们很少有人能活下来。），可知焦虑有帮助人存活下来的作用，人类需要适度的焦虑，C选项“应该避免焦虑”不符合文章内容。根据第四段第二句Anxiety disorderwhich is what health experts call any anxiety that persists to the point that it interferes with ones lifeis the most common mental illness in the U.S.（焦虑症健康专家称任何持续干扰人生活的焦虑是美国最常见的精神疾病。），可知焦虑症

51、会干扰人的生活，是一种精神疾病，A选项“焦虑症有负面影响”符合文章内容。根据第五段第二句“If mental health is the stepchild of the health-care system.”“then anxiety is the stepchild of the stepchild.”（“如果心理健康是医疗保健系统的继子。”“那么焦虑就是继子的继子。”），可知心理健康属于医疗保健系统，而焦虑属于心理健康，B选项“焦虑是健康保健问题之一”符合文章内容。根据第三段第三、四句Sometimes theres an obvious causeOther times, we do

52、nt know why we cant stop worrying.（有时原因很明显其他时候，我们不知道为什么我们不能停止担忧。），可知有时焦虑的原因很明确，有时焦虑的原因无从得知，D选项“有时说不清楚是什么引起焦虑”符合文章内容。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“If mental health is the stepchild of the health-care system.”“then anxiety is the stepchild of the stepchild.”（“如果心理健康是医疗保健系统的继子。”“那么焦虑就是继子的继子。”），

53、这里运用打比方的方式阐述心理健康、医疗保健系统和焦虑的关系，重点在于后半段焦虑是心理健康的继子，即焦虑属于心理健康，D选项“焦虑是一种心理健康问题”正确，C选项“心理健康是一个保健问题”不是表达的重点。A选项“心理健康问题被忽视了”和B选项“焦虑的问题被忽视了”：这里没有提到这些问题有没有被忽略。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句He identified two major forms of anxiety（他确定了两种主要的焦虑形式），C选项“西格蒙德弗洛伊德确定了焦虑的类型”正确。根据文章最后一句Unfortunately, his follow

54、ers were so obsessed with his ideas about sex drives and unresolved conflicts that studies of the physical basis of anxiety languished.（不幸的是，他的追随者对他关于性冲动和未解决的冲突的观点过于着迷，以至于对焦虑的生理基础的研究也停滞不前。），可知西格蒙德弗洛伊德的追随者没有进一步推动他的思想和理论，A选项“西格蒙德弗洛伊德的思想在追随者中得到了很好的发展”错误；没有明确表示得出B选项“性欲和未解决的冲突可以缓解焦虑”的结论；在焦虑方面的生理研究停滞不前不代表

55、需要进一步研究，D选项“在焦虑的身体方面需要进行更多的研究”错误。因此C选项正确。14. 翻译题My father was very keen that should go to Oxford or Cambridge. He himself had gone to University College. Oxford, so he thought I should apply there, because I would have a greater chance of getting in. At that time, University College had no fellow in

56、 mathematics, which was another reason he wanted me to do chemistry: (1) I could try for a scholarship in natural science rather than in mathematics.The rest of the family went to India for a year, but I had to stay behind to do A levels and university entrance. (2) My headmaster thought I was much

57、too young to try for Oxford, but went up in March 1959 to do the scholarship exam with two boys from the year above me at school. I was convinced I had done badly and was very depressed when during the practical exam university lecturers carne around to talk to other people but not to me. Then a few

58、 days after I got hack from Oxford. I got a telegram to say I had a scholarship.I was seventeen, and most of me other students in my year had done military service and were a lot older. (3) I felt rather lonely during my first year and part of the second. It was only in my third year that I really f

59、elt happy there. The prevailing attitude at Oxford at that time was very anti-work. You were supposed to be brilliant without effort, or to accept your limitations and get a fourth-class degree. (4) To work hard to get a better class of degree was regarded as the mark of a gray manhe worst epithet i

60、n the Oxford vocabulary.At that time, the physics course at Oxford was arranged in a way that made it particularly easy to avoid work. I did one exam before I went up, and then had three years at Oxford with just the final exams at the end. I once calculated that I did about a thousand hours work in

61、 the three years I was there, an average of an hour a day. (5) Im not proud of his lack of work. Im just describing my attitude at the time, which I shared with most of my fellow students: an attitude of complete boredom and feeling that nothing was worth making an effort for. One result of my illne

62、ss has been to change all that: When you are faced with the possibility of an early death itm8kes you realize that life is worth living and that there are lots of things you want to do.【答案】1. 我可以申请自然科学类而非数学类的奖学金。2. 我的中学校长觉得我报考牛津大学年龄太小，可是，1959年3月，我还是与同校高我一级的两个男生一起参加了奖学金资格考试。3. 在第一年以及第二年的一段时间里，我觉得很孤独，

63、直到第三年我才真正感到愉快。4. 用功苦读以求成绩提高被看作是灰人的标记那是牛津词汇中最难听的一个称号。5. 我并不以这种懈怠学业为荣。我只是在描述自己当时的态度。我和大多数同学都抱这种态度：百无聊赖，觉得没有任何事情值得为之努力。15. 单选题Vicky has been sad recently, for her plan to go to college _ at the last moment.问题1选项A.fell throughB.fell offC.fell outD.fell behind【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项fell through“落空；失败”；B选项fell off“跌落；下降；脱落；减少”；C