2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷70（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Too much time has（ ）since they started talking on the issue.问题1选项A.elapsedB.occupiedC.circulatedD.detached【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。elapse意为“（时间）消逝，过去”；occupy意为“使用，占用”；circulate意为“循环，传播”；detach意为“分离，拆开”。句意：自从他们开始讨论这个问题以来，已经花了太多时间。2. 单选题Jim Fix had been a heavy smoker

2、and weighed 214 pounds when he took up running in the 1960s. He soon _51 _ the benefits from running. His weight decreased by 60 pounds by the time his book The Complete Book of Running was published. His book _52_ millions of people. In his book and on television talk shows. He praised the benefits

3、 of physical exercise and how it _53_and increased the average peoples life expectancy. His readers and audience became more health-conscious. However, to their shock, Fix died at the age of 52 after his daily run. Many who opposed his beliefs said this was _54_ that running was harmful. However, hi

4、s supporters _55_that the real cause of Fixs death was a heart attack. He came from a family where men had poor health stories. His father _56 a heart attack at the age of 35 and died of one at 42. Given Fixs unhealthy lifestyle until he took up running, many argued that running added many years to

5、his life.“Running does have its shortcomings,” _57_heart specialist Paul Thomas, in a recent medical journal. “The _58_can be hard on your knees. Runners are more at risk during their training, _59_ if they run marathons. _60_, the news for runners isnt all bad. Evidence suggests in spite of its sho

6、rtcomings, moderate amount of running exercise can actually result in a longer, improved life.”问题1选项A.praisedB.favoredC.reapedD.applied问题2选项A.inspiredB.disappointedC.awardedD.rewarded问题3选项A.compatiblyB.disappointedC.awardedD.rewarded问题4选项A.enduranceB.evidenceC.supplementD.allowance问题5选项A.rewroteB.re

7、visedC.reversedD.revealed问题6选项A.obtainedB.sustainedC.sufferedD.surpassed问题7选项A.acknowledgesB.pledgesC.communicatesD.apologizes问题8选项A.consequenceB.impactC.weightD.press问题9选项A.explicitlyB.particularlyC.commonlyD.singularly问题10选项A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.MoreoverD.Also【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7

8、题:A第8题:B第9题:B第10题:A【解析】51.考查逻辑关系。由前面句意“Jim Fix在20世纪60年代开始跑步时，曾是一名烟民，体重214磅”和后面句意“他的体重减少了60磅”可知此处表示跑步带来的好处，因此填reap（取得（成果），收获）。52.考查逻辑关系。由前面可知Jim Fix在出版书时，通过跑步体重减少了60磅，这是一件正面积极的事，可知此处表示他的书鼓励了其他人，因此选A。53.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的and increased the average peoples life expectancy（并提高人的平均寿命）可知D选项最为恰当，表示“运动是怎样回报人的，以及增加

9、人均寿命”。54.考查名词辨析。endurance意为“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意为“证据，迹象”；supplement意为“补充”；allowance意为“津贴，补贴”。此处表示很多反对他的人说他的死是证明跑步有害的证据，因此选B。55.考查动词辨析。rewrite意为“重写，改写”；revise意为“修改（意见或计划），修订（书刊）”；reverse意为“颠倒，使反转”；reveal意为“揭示，显示”。此处表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心脏病”，因此选D。56.考查动词辨析。obtain意为“获得，得到”；sustain意为“维持，保持”；suffer意为“遭受”；surp

10、ass意为“超过”。此处表示“他的父亲在35岁时遭受心脏病”，因此选C。57.考查动词辨析。acknowledge意为“承认”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”；communicate意为“沟通，交流”；apologize意为“道歉，认错”。此处表示“Paul Thomas承认跑步的不足之处”，因此选A。58.考查名词辨析。consequence意为“结果，成果”；impact意为“影响”；weight意为“重量”；press意为“压，按”。此处表示“对膝盖的影响会比较大”，因此选B。59.考查副词辨析。explicitly意为“明白地，明确地”；particularly意为“特别，尤其”；co

11、mmonly意为“通常地”；singularly意为“非常地”。此处表示“跑步的人在训练中的风险更大，尤其是如果他们跑马拉松的话”，因此选B。60.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的the news for runners isnt all bad（对于跑步者来说，这个消息并不全是坏消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之处，可知此处表示对比，因此选A，however意为“然而”，可表示转折关系。3. 单选题Distrusting women, he remained a （ ）all his life.问题1选项A.marshalB.banditC.bachelorD.burglar【答案】C【解析】考查名词

12、辨析。marshal意为“元帅”；bandit意为“土匪，强盗”；bachelor意为“未婚男子，单身汉，学士”；burglar意为“窃贼”。句意：由于不信任女人，他做了一辈子单身汉。4. 单选题Professor Kumar Bhatt, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMC), and RobMeakin a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite

13、rate. The New Knowledge Partnership will include a team of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhatt calls electronic engineering management or E2. A wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programs, professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce

14、is changing the business environment to a huge extent. Many chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologies and in some cases, are actually resisting change. He says that “as long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second p

15、roductivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain w

16、e can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.”Already Britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) and management information technology system than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e

17、-business. But, observes Professor Bhatt, Britain has never used technology as a growth driver. “The thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project

18、managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past.”The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with Americas leading e-commerce study cen

19、ter, Carnegie Mellon. The latter will be responsible for training many of the Marconi managers in America, where the group has half its business. In Britain. Professor Bhatt has linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufactu

20、ring center at the university which will be used for training and research.Professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to be renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns: “The move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing ah

21、ead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.”1.What is the purpose of E2 course?2.Why does Bhatt say that e-bu

22、siness will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain?3.According to the passage, what do you know about e-business in Britain?4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?5.According to that last passage, what is Bhatts attitude towards e-commerce?问题1选项A.Teach electron

23、ic engineering management.B.Train engineers and managers to be acquainted with e-commerce.C.Train engineers and managers to be engineers and managers.D.Teach engineers and managers about developing partnership.问题2选项A.Because many business leaders have shown their interest in this.B.Because it can st

24、rengthen the companies competitiveness.C.Because more people will learn e-commerce style.D.Because new information technologies can greatly improve industrial productivity.问题3选项A.E-business has eliminated many competitive rivals.B.E-business has done many benefits to big companiesC.Many companies ha

25、ve joined in the E-business program.D.E-business has great potential and will make changes in the country.问题4选项A.Britain can be competitive to US in the area of information technology.B.Britain has already taken the advantages of running engineering management.C.As with many other European countries

26、, Britain has made use of computer-aided systems.D.E-business has offered opportunities to European countries to eliminate the competitiveness gap with all the rivals.问题5选项A.He thinks it as a precise opportunity only to Britain.B.He thinks that it is not as a good opportunity as people think.C.He th

27、inks it is not only good for Britain but also a precise opportunity for other countries.D.He does not consider it a good opportunity in the long run.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate（建立了合作伙伴关系，培训工程师和管理人员

28、成为精英）可知D选项“教工程师和经理如何发展伙伴关系”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals.（电子商务将使英国的第二次生产力革命成为可能。这可能会使经济接近消除与主要竞争对手的巨大竞争力差距）可知B选项“因为它可以增强企业

29、的竞争力”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Britain has never used technology as a growth driver.（英国从未将科技作为经济增长的动力）可知D选项“电子商务有着巨大的潜力，并将在这个国家发生变化”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain w

30、e can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.（在过去五年中，由于信息技术，美国制造业的生产率提高了30%。在英国，我们可以取得更多成就，成功的电子商务将对英国经济带来数十亿美元的收益）可知A选项“在信息技术领域，英国可以比美国更有竞争力”符合题意。5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的The move to globalize because of e commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows

31、British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.（由于电子商务而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。尽管网络允许英国工业超越欧洲同行，但它也为亚洲国家提供了超越西方的机会。这是第一次它不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的）可知C选项“他认为这不

32、仅对英国有利，而且对其他国家来说也是一个确切的机会”正确。5. 单选题（ ） for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.问题1选项A.Had it not beB.Were it notC.Be it notD.Should it not【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do；当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有wer

33、e, should, had时，可将连词if省略，把were, should, had置于句首。从句中的If it were not for the timely investment=Were it not for the timely investment，因此选B。句意：要不是广大公众的及时投资，我们公司不会像现在这样兴旺发达。6. 单选题Several unpopular decision （ ）the governors popularity.问题1选项A.decayedB.diminishedC.distortedD.dissolved【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。decay意为

34、“（使）腐烂，腐朽”；diminish意为“（使）减少，缩小，下降”；distort意为“歪曲，扭曲”；dissolve意为“使溶解”。句意：几项不得人心的决定使州长的声望下降。7. 单选题There are some dangers you cannot escape from. It is wise to ignore those that are（ ）.问题1选项A.regardlessB.elementaryC.inevitableD.essential【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。regardless意为“不管，不顾”；elementary意为“基础的，初级的”；inevitab

35、le意为“不可避免的”；essential意为“必不可少的，本质的”。句意：有些危险是你无法逃避的。忽视那些不可避免的危险是明智的。8. 单选题She sewed a （ ）on the knee of her trousers.问题1选项A.pinchB.plasterC.punchD.patch【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。pinch意为“捏，掐”；plaster意为“灰泥，膏药，创可贴”；punch意为“拳击打，用力的捶打”；patch意为“补丁，补片”。句意：她在她的裤子膝盖上缝了个补丁。9. 单选题When you pack the pears, please be careful

36、 so that they wont get （ ）.问题1选项A.bruisedB.blushedC.injuredD.mature【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。bruise意为“撞伤，擦伤”；blush意为“脸红，羞愧”；injure意为“(尤指在事故中) 伤害，损害”；mature意为“成熟”。句意：当你打包梨子时，请小心点，不要把梨子摩擦坏了。10. 单选题I learnt that there are no genuinely,（ ）animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.问

37、题1选项A.endangeredB.domesticatedC.indigenousD.extinct【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。endangered意为“快要绝种的”；domesticated意为“驯化了的”；indigenous意为“本地的，土生土长的”；extinct意为“灭绝的”。由后面的all the animals were brought here from other places（这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的）可知前面表示这个地区的动物不是土生土长的，选C。句意：我了解到这个地区没有真正本土的动物，这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的。11. 问答题With (A) the

38、 word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B) spend a lifetime for (C) the advancement of science to the best (D) of ones ability.【答案】试题答案：A; by【解析】考查介词用法。with意为“和，同，具有”，此处表示“根据科学家这个词，我们说的是一个”，因此用by（根据，按照）。12. 单选题Your advice would be （ ）valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end.问题1选项A.

39、extensivelyB.exclusivelyC.excessivelyD.exceedingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。extensively意为“广大地，广泛地”；exclusively意为“唯一地”；excessively意为“过度地”；exceedingly意为“非常，极其”。句意：你的建议对他来说非常的有价值，他现在是无计可施了。13. 单选题Whether you are a gorilla, a four year old child, a politician or an Olympic athlete, the signs of victory are obviou

40、s for all to see: the chest inflates, the head is thrown back and the victor displays a strutting and confident air. Shame at being defeated is equally recognizable: the head bows, and sometimes the shoulders slump and the chest narrows too something that is not a million miles away from the cringin

41、g postures associated with submission in animals, from chimpanzees to rats, rabbits and even salamanders. Are these displays of pride and shame common to all humans? If they are, they will have evolved to serve some function.In their research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Scien

42、ces, a team of researchers analyzed images of blind and sighted athletes from different cultures from the judo competition held in the 2004 Olympic and Paralympics Games. They looked for whether or not competitors indulged in post-match behavior such as tilting their heads back, raising their arms o

43、r expanding their chests in victory, or hiding their face or narrowing their chests in defeat. They found that in response to success and failure, people from different cultures displayed the stereotypical gestures of pride and some of the components of expressions of shame. This included the blind

44、competitors even those blind from birth.Although the researchers say that congenitally blind children might have been taught by their parents to lift their hands above their heads after a victory, they speculate that it would be harder to teach them the full spectrum of displays they witnessed. Thes

45、e findings, then, imply that displays of pride are not simply cultural stereotypes learnt after birth: but an innate form of behavior that was relevant to the way humans lived. A display of pride (or shame), in other words, may be an evolved and innate behavioral response.Why? Such displays may have

46、 an evolutionary function. People could be advertising their accomplishments and ensuring their status and acceptance within their social group. Similarly, shame shows acceptance of a defeat and a reluctance to fight on (which may help to avoid further aggression), and so might well be a display of

47、submission.The researchers also found that the behavioral response to shame was weaker in sighted athletes from cultures that were individualistic or “self-expression valuing” societies in the West. They suggest that athletes from these parts were suppressing responses in accordance with “cultural n

48、orms” that stigmatize displays of shame. If so, this would explain why the congenitally blind displayed more shame in defeat than did people who became blind later in life.1.In the opening paragraph, the author proposes his hypothesis by （ ）.2.Why are blind athletes chosen for the research?3.The pri

49、de and shame responses probably function as（ ）.4.Which of the following post-match behavior of athletes shows unique cultural influence?问题1选项A.drawing an analogyB.making a comparisonC.listing specific examplesD.explaining a phenomenon问题2选项A.To identify their distinctive behavioral features.B.To illu

50、strate the typical gestures used by the disabled.C.To prove instinctive pride and shame reactions.D.To justify the importance of learning after birth.问题3选项A.determining ones social statusB.showing ones attitudeC.exchanging personal feelingsD.signaling the end of a fight问题4选项A.Hiding their faces.B.Pu

51、ffing out their chests.C.Raising their arms.D.Removing their clothing.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。类比（drawing an analogy）指将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较，由文章第一段可知作者是将动物与人两个不同的对象，其对胜利的表现都是相同的进行比较，因此选A。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中They found that in response to success and failure, people from different cultures displa

52、yed the stereotypical gestures of pride and some of the components of expressions of shame. This included the blind competitors even those blind from birth.（他们发现这些在胜利和失败的反应中，来自不同文化的人们展示出一成不变的胜利姿态和由若干固定成分组成的羞愧表情。这其中包括盲人运动员，甚至还是先天失明的）可知C选项“来证明其骄傲和羞耻的本能反应”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的People could be advertis

53、ing their accomplishments and ensuring their status and acceptance within their social group. Similarly, shame shows acceptance of a defeat and a reluctance to fight on. and so might well be a display of submission.（人们要夸耀他们的成就，确保他们的地位和社会群体的认同。同样地，羞愧表现出对失利的接受和对继续战斗的不情愿，也很可能是一种顺从的表现）可知这些都是对态度的表现，因此选B。

54、4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的They suggest that athletes from these parts were suppressing responses in accordance with cultural norms that stigmatize displays of shame.（研究表明来自于这些地方的职业运动员抑制了反应，而这种反应与控制耻辱表现的社会行为规范相一致）可知A“把他们的脸藏起来”属于抑制自己反应的表现，因此选A。14. 问答题Human beings are paying a lot for medicine and are not getti

55、ng all that (A) they think they are (B) paying (C) a guarantee to (D) endless betterment.【答案】试题答案：C; paying for【解析】考查固定搭配。pay for（为而付出，因而付出）中的pay为不及物动词，for表示原因。15. 单选题“It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created far the exchange

56、 of thought between all the nations of the earth,” acclaimed Victorian enthusiasts the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable. People say that sort of things about new technologies, even today. Biotechnology is said to be the cure for world hunger. The sequencing of the human gen

57、ome will supposedly uproot cancer and other diseases. The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of cyber gurus has enthralled audiences (and made a fine living) with claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality Ho

58、wever, although the Internet is still young enough to inspire idealism, it has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets can be right.Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of the experts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the Internets potential as a force

59、 for peace. Nicholas Negroponte, has declared that, thanks to the Internet, the children of the future “are not going to know what nationalism is”. His colleague, Michael Dertouzos, has written that digital communications will bring “computer-aided peace” which “may help stave off future flare-ups o

60、f ethnic hatred and national break-ups”. The idea is that improved communications will reduce misunderstandings and transfer conflict.This is not new, any more than were the claims for the peace-making possibilities of other new technologies. In the early years of the 20th century, airplanes were ex

61、pected to end wars, by promoting international communication and (less credibly) by making armies out-of-date, since they would be weak to attack from the air. After the First World War had dispelled such notions, it was the turn of radio. “Nation shall speak peace unto nation” ran the fine motto of

62、 Britains BBC World Service. Sadly, Radio of Rwanda disproved the idea that radio was an intrinsically peace force once and for all.The mistake people make is to assume that wars are caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. Indeed, even if that were true, the Internet can also be used to advocate conflict. Hate speech and intolerance develop in its dark comers, where government finds it hard to intervene. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an en