2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷79（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题To be frank,Id sooner you （ ） a good review yesterday for the coming test.问题1选项A.hadnt doneB.didnt doC.couldnt have doneD.wouldnt do【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。would sooner表示宁愿，句子应用虚拟语气。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，所以应该用过去完成时。选项A正确。2. 单选题His eighth book came out earlier this year and was

2、a(n) （ ） bestseller.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual【答案】B【解析】swift快的，敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的；instant立即的，即时的；timely及时的，适时的；punctual准时的。句意：今年他的第八本书在今年早些时候出版了，并迅速成为畅销书。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题He caused a false account of the event （ ） in the newspaper.问题1选项A.had publishedB.to be publishedC.being publishedD.to have pu

3、blished【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词。cause sb. to do sth.首先排除选项A和C，事件是被刊登上报纸的，表被动，所以选项B正确。句意：他对报纸上刊登的事故进行了虚假报道。4. 单选题The police had difficulty in_ the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.问题1选项A.limitingB.restrainingC.confiningD.restricting【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。limit限制，限定；restrain抑制，控制，制止；co

4、nfine限制，禁闭；restrict限制，约束，限定。Restrict一般指限制某物的大小、数量等；limit一般指空间、时间或数量的极限；confine侧重于不可逾越的限制，比如束缚、囚禁。restrain指阻止, 抑制, 通常与from搭配, 指阻止某人做某事。句意：警察很难阻止歌迷们冲上台与歌手合影。所以选项B更符合本句语境。5. 单选题It was not until she returned home （ ） she realized she had almost wasted ten of her valuable hours. .问题1选项A.andB.whenC.thenD.

5、that【答案】D【解析】本句为强调句, it is/was not until.that.强调的是直到她回到家的这个时候。句意：直到回到家, 她才意识到她几乎浪费了她宝贵的十个小时。6. 单选题It is very strange but I had an （ ） that the plane would crash.问题1选项A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive【答案】B【解析】inspiration启发灵感的人（或事物）, 灵感;intuition直觉, 直觉力；imagination想象力;incentive动机。句意：这很奇

6、怪, 但是直觉告诉我这架飞机会坠毁。7. 单选题The commander said to his troops that under no circumstances （ ） to step across the border.问题1选项A.the enemy should be allowedB.should the enemy be allowedC.should allow the enemyD.the enemy should allow【答案】B【解析】考查倒装。带有否定意义的短语，其主谓部分要倒装，首先向排除选项A和D。不被允许表被动，所以选项B正确。句意：指挥官对他的部队说，在

7、任何情况下都不允许敌人跨越边境。8. 单选题Planning our vocation we must take the frequent （ ） of the weather into consideration.问题1选项A.transformationB.transmissionC.transactionD.transition【答案】A【解析】transformation转化, 转换；transmission传递。传播；transaction交易；transition过渡。句意：计划假期的时候, 我们必须把变化莫测的天气考虑进去。9. 单选题The basic causes are u

8、nknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ） .问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identified识别, 辨认;guaranteed保证;notified通知, 告知;conveyed传达。句意：尽管一些可能会导致癌症的条件已经得到确认, 但最根本的原因还不知道。10. 单选题Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region rem

9、ained_ .问题1选项A.motionlessB.inactiveC.stagnantD.immobile【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。motionless静止的，不运动的；inactive不活跃的，怠惰的；stagnant停滞的，萧条的；immobile固定的，不变的。句意：由于经济危机，该地区的工业产出仍然停滞不前。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题I dont think he is to blame, （ ） ?问题1选项A.do IB.is heC.isnt heD.does he【答案】B【解析】复合反意疑问句中, 主句是I think, I suppose, I believe,

10、 I suspect, I imagine 等时, 对that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系提问, 所以首先排除选项A和D。还要注意否定转移的情况, 所以选项B正确。12. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.The crux of the problem is: young people, being at the start of their own career and having to exert themselves to the utmost all the time, are always under the greate

11、st stress and severest strain. The middle-aged people, on the other hand, having accomplished whatever they have, may relieve themselves of their load, and start to enjoy a quiet and leisurely life unburdened with any ambitions and away from the storms of life. Consequently, middle-aged persons quic

12、kly lapse into indolence. Most famous works that appeared in the past centuries, including the present, were written by authors around 30. Works with any creativeness seldom came from the pen of Chinese authors over 40, except autobiographies and notes by way of annotation. But for writers abroad, a

13、ge does not seem to affect their energy or imagination at all. Some literary celebrities did not start their career until after 40.Because of various reasons, the life span of us Chinese used to be very short. Hence the old saying “mans life from old has rarely reached seventy. ” Therefore the middl

14、e-age period was much earlier, and men of letters very early in their lives became “old” and conservative psychologically.【答案】问题的核心是：年轻人正处于事业初创阶段, 必须时刻尽力发挥自己, 由此其总是面临莫大的压力, 受到的伤痛也极为严重。而中年人已经取得他们所要的一切, 可以卸下重负, 开始享受安静、惬意的生活, 这生活没有任何雄心壮志, 也远离生活的狂风暴雨。结果, 中年人很快就懒惰起来。自上世纪到目前的许多著名作品, 其作者都在30岁左右。40岁以上的中国作家极

15、少能写出创意作品来, 当然有注解的自传和说明除外。但对国外作家而言, 年龄问题似乎丝毫不会影响其想象力。一些文学大家常常是到40岁之后才开始文学创作。由于种种原因, 过去中国人的寿命往往很短。由此产生了一句古话：“人生七十古来稀”。因此中年这一阶段就大大提前了, 而名人则很早就“变老”了, 心理上也开始保守起来。13. 单选题Even when textbooks are （ ） through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.问题1选项A.commonplaceB.standardizedC.competitiveD

16、.generalized【答案】B【解析】commonplace陈腐的, 平凡的;standardized标准化的;competitive有竞争力的, 竞争的;generalized广泛的, 普遍的。句意：即使是通过学校的系统把教科书规范化, 教学的方法也会有很大的不同。14. 单选题Paintings are static. The uniqueness of the experience of looking at a painting repeatedlyover a period of days or yearsis that, in the midst of flux, the im

17、age remains changeless. Of course the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but depicted is unchanging the same milk flowing from the same jug, the waves on the sea with exactly the same formation unbroken, the smile and the face which have

18、not altered.One might be tempted to say that paintings preserve a moment. Yet on reflection this is obviously untrue. For the moment of a painting, unlike a moment photographed, never existed as such. And so a painting cannot be said to preserve it.If a painting stops, time, it is not, like a photog

19、raph, preserving a moment of the past from the supersession of succeeding moments. I am thinking of the image within the frame, the scene which is depicted. Clearly if one considers an artists life-work or the history of art, one is treating paintings as being, partly, records of the past, evidence

20、of what has been. Yet this historical view, whether used within a Marxist or idealist tradition, has prevented most art experts from consideringor even noticingthe problem of how time exists (or does not) within painting.In early Renaissance art, in paintings from non-European cultures, in certain m

21、odem works, the image implies a passage of time. Looking at it, the spectator sees before, during and after. The Chinese sage takes a walk from one tree to another, the carriage runs over the child, the nude descends the staircase. And this of course has been analyzed and commented upon. Yet the ens

22、uing image is still static whilst referring to the dynamic world beyond its edges, and this poses the problem of what is the meaning of that strange contrast between static and dynamic. Strange because it is both so flagrant and so taken for granted.Painters themselves practise a partial answer, eve

23、n if it remains unformulated in words. When is a painting finished? Not when it finally corresponds to something already existinglike the second shoe of a pairbut when the foreseen ideal moment of it being looked at is filled as the painter feels or calculates it should be filled. The long or short

24、process of painting a picture is the process of constructing the future moments when it will be looked at In reality, despite the painters ideal, these moments cannot be entirely determined. They can never be entirely filled by the painting. Nevertheless the painting is entirely addressed to these m

25、oments.Whether the painter is a hack or a master makes no difference to the address of the painting. The difference is in what a painting delivers; in how closely the moment of its being looked at, as foreseen by the painter, corresponds to the interests of the actual moments of its being looked at

26、later by other people, when the circumstances surrounding its production (patronage, fashion, ideology) have changed.1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?2.What does the pronoun “it” in the last line of the 4th paragraph refer to?3.When is a painting finished according t

27、o the author?4.It can be inferred from the text that ( ).5.The best title for this text might be ( ) . 问题1选项A.A specific moment is preserved the time a painting is created.B.The content of a painting remains static though its implication may keep changing.C.A painting stops time in that it depicts a

28、 moment of the past and fixes it within the frame.D.A Marxist view tends to see a painting as changing all the time.问题2选项A.The ensuing image.B.The problem.C.The meaning of the contrastD.The contrast between static and dynamic.问题3选项A.When it realistically depicts something in the real world.B.When th

29、e artist foresees how his painting will be received by the public.C.When the moment of its being looked at corresponds to the artists expectation of how its going to be looked at.D.When the artist can determine the moment when it will be looked at.问题4选项A.images in some Renaissance paintings may hot

30、necessarily be staticB.paintings by a hack or by a master are the same in that they address the same peopleC.whether a painting is static or dynamic is determined not by the painter but by those who look at itD.unlike a painting, a photograph can preserve a moment问题5选项A.Painting and TimeB.Painters a

31、nd Their WorksC.The Static and the DynamicD.The History of Painting as a Form of Art【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Of course the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but depicted is unchanging.”选项B一幅画的内容保持不变, 尽管它的含义可能不断变化, 正确。

32、2.根据上一句“., and this poses the problem of what is the meaning of that strange contrast between static and dynamic.”这就产生了一个问题：静态和动态之间的这种奇怪对比究竟是什么意思。所以正确答案为D。3.根据第五段的第三句“Not when it finally corresponds to something already existing.but when the foreseen ideal moment of it being looked at is filled as t

33、he painter feels or calculates it should be filled.”选项C符合原文。4.根据原文可推断出选项C正确, 一幅画是静态的还是动态的不是由画家决定的, 而是由观看者决定的。5.根据原文内容可知选项D更符合原文。选项A, B, C都只是其中的一部分。15. 单选题Talking about that is useless, （ ）is familiar to me.问题1选项A.which factB.the fact of whichC.its factD.that fact【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。句意：再谈论那件事已经没有意

34、义了，我已经知道真相了。空格处指“那件事情的真相”，which指代“那件事”。所以选项B正确。which不能放在先行词前面，所以选项A错误；选项C填入的话句子缺少连词；选项D中that不能引导非限制性定语从句。16. 单选题Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language. It was created more than a century ago by Polish eye doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof. Zamenhof believed that a common language

35、would help to alleviate some of the misunderstandings among cultures.In Zamenhofs first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a language that was as uncomplicated as possible. This first language included words such as ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce. This did not result in a workable langu

36、age in that these monosyllabic words, though short, were not easy to understand or to retain.Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language. He made the words in his language sound like words that people already knew, but he simplified the grammar tremendously One example

37、 of how he simplified the language can be seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as in the noun amiko, which means friend, and all adjectives end in -a, as in the adjective beta, which means pretty Another example of the simplified language can be seen in the prefix mal-, which m

38、akes a word opposite in meaning; the word malamiko therefore means enemy, and the word malbela therefore means ugly in Zamenhofs language.In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it. He used a penname, Dr. Esperanto, when signing the book. He selected the name Esperanto b

39、ecause this word means a person who hopes in his language. Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1905 Esperanto had spread from Europe to America and Asia.In 1905, the First World Congress of Esperanto took place in France, with approximately 700 attendees from 20 different coun

40、tries. Congresses were held annually for nine years, and 4,000 attendees were registered for the Tenth World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and forced its cancellation.Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I. Today, years after it was intr

41、oduced, it is estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it. Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen.1.The topic of this passage is（ ）.2.According to the passage , Zamenhof wanted to create a universal lang

42、uage（ ） .3.It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto word malespera means （ ） .4.Look at the expression “popping up” in Paragraph 4. This expression could best be replaced by（ ）.5.The passage following the passage most likely discusses（ ） .问题1选项A.a language developed in the last few yea

43、rsB.one mans efforts to create a universal languageC.how language can be improvedD.using language to communicate internationally问题2选项A.to resolve cultural differencesB.to provide a more complex languageC.to build a name for himselfD.to create one world culture问题3选项A.hopelessness.B.hope.C.hopelessD.h

44、opeful.问题4选项A.leapingB.shoutingC.hidingD.opening问题5选项A.how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growthB.another of Zamenhofs accomplishmentsC.the disadvantages of using an artificial languageD.attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第

45、5题:A【解析】1.通读全文可知, 本文主要是讲Zamenhof发明了一种通用语Esperanto(世界语)以及世界语的发展历程。选项B符合原文主题。2.根据第一段的最后一句“Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to alleviate some of the misunderstandings among cultures.”Zamenhof认为, 一种共同的语言有助于缓解文化之间的一些误解。选项A解决文化差异符合原文。3.根据第三段的最后一句“Another example of the simplified langua

46、ge can be seen in the prefix mal-, which makes a word opposite in meaning;”带mal- 前缀的词表示相反的意思, 而malespera以-a结尾, 应该为形容词, 所以选项C正确。4.根据句意：世界语俱乐部开始在欧洲各地 , 到1905年世界语已经从欧洲传播到美洲和亚洲。选项D符合原文语境。5.根据最后一段的最后一句“目前的倡导者希望看到它的使用大幅增长, 并正在采取措施, 试图实现这一点。”接下来讲的内容应该是世界语目前的支持者是如何鼓励其发展的, 选项A符合原文。17. 单选题You probably know th

47、at its better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that7 s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket (or farmers market).The explosion in （1 ） produce and other foods dur

48、ing the last few years has been an extremely （2 ） development in the food industry. However, （3 ） still exists about exactly what the organic （4 ） means.Do you know the difference between a cereal thats “organic, 100% organic” ,and “made with organic （5 ） ? The USDA has clearly defined standards tha

49、t （6 ） which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them www.usda.gov.Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out （7 ） another new development in the food world: genetically （8 ） organisms ( GMOs) . No one knows for certain the short and （9 ） ef

50、fects of these products of gene engineering, （10 ） theres a chance they could lead to the （11 ） creation of “superweeds” or （12 ） with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www.saynotogmos.org. （13 ） youre shopping, dont forget to consider the companies behind the

51、 （14 ） names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion, （15 ） the other manufactures its corn flakes via （16 ） environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use （17 ） such as . They present both the good and bad sides of every company they （18 ） ,and they grade hun

52、dreds of companies on social,ethical and environmental issues. Remember: （19 ） conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your （20 ） cart.问题1选项A.greenB.organicC.healthyD.optional问题2选项A.positiveB.negativeC.activeD.passive问题3选项A.controvers

53、yB.contributionC.conversionD.confusion问题4选项A.labelB.markC.wordD.food问题5选项A.componentsB.genesC.ingredientsD.compositions问题6选项A.determineB.illustrateC.recommendD.demonstrate问题7选项A.inB.toC.forD.on问题8选项A.movedB.modifiedC.modeledD.motivated问题9选项A.long-runB.long-termC.long-dayD.long-distance问题10选项A.whileB

54、.andC.butD.or问题11选项A.unconditionalB.unexceptionalC.unintentionalD.uncontroversial问题12选项A.interfereB.interveneC.interactD.intrude问题13选项A.AnytimeB.Any timeC.SometimeD.Some time问题14选项A.brandB.codeC.productD.family问题15选项A.whenB.whileC.asD.because问题16选项A.constructiveB.destructiveC.instructiveD.obstructiv

55、e问题17选项A.sightsB.addressesC.sitesD.webs问题18选项A.profitB.profileC.proposeD.protect问题19选项A.sociallyB.conditionallyC.morallyD.environmentally问题20选项A.nurseryB.groceryC.bakeryD.stationery【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:D第12题:A第13题:A第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:B【解析】

56、（1）句意：在过去的几年里， 产品和其他食品急剧增长。根据下文多次organic可知选项B符合原文。（2）根据原文可知，有机物产品和其他食品上的急剧增长对食品业的发展产生的是积极的影响。选项A正确。（3）controversy论争，论战，辩论；contribution贡献；conversion对话；confusion混淆。上一句提到积极影响，立马转折，说明这里指存在着争议。选项A符合句意。（4）label标签；mark标志。将organic描述为标签更恰当，指对这一类产品的分类。（5）components零件，构成要素；genes基因；ingredients成分，因素；compositions

57、写作，作曲。根据原文可知，这里指有机产品的成分。（6）determine确定，决定；illustrate举例说明，阐明；recommend推荐，劝告；demonstrate证实，证明。句意：美国农业部已经制定了明确的标准，确定哪些标签可以合法地贴在葡萄和麦片上。选项A符合句意。（7）句意：有机食品是很不错，但是评审委员对食品行业的另外一种创新产品依旧知之甚少。这里的on指对于，关于。选项D正确。（8）genetically modified organisms(GMOs)是固定搭配，意为转基因生物。（9）long-run长远的；long-term长期的；long-day搭配错误；long-di

58、stance长距离的。句意：没有人确切知道这些基因工程产品的短期和长期的影响。选项B符合原文。（10）根据上下文句意可知这里表示转折，所以用but。（11）unconditional无条件的，绝对的，无限制的；unexceptional非例外的，普通的；unintentional无心的，无意识的；uncontroversial不会引起争议的。句意：也有可能生成一种 的创新产品“超级种子”。选项D符合原文。（12）interfere妨碍，抵触，冲突，介入；intervene干涉，调停；internet互相作用，互相影响；intrude强挤入，闯入，侵入。句意：或者会 农作物的自然生长。选项A符合

59、原文。（13）Anytime任何时候，无论何时；Any time在任何时候；Sometime在某一时候，有时；Some time一段时间。句意：当你购物的时候，请不要忘了考虑商标背后的生产商。选项A符合原文。（14）brand name为固定搭配，指商标。（15）前后两个句子形成对比，所以用while更恰当。（16）constructive 建设性的，有益的；destructive破坏的，消极的，毁灭性的；instructive有益的，教育性的；obstructive阻碍的，妨碍的。两个句子形成对比，上句是环保，下句当然是破坏环境，所以选项B符合原文。（17）such as后面的内容是一串网址

60、，所以本题选C。sights见解，看法；addresses地址；sites网址，站点；webs网络。（18）句意：这些网址展示了它们所描述的每家公司的优缺点。profit获利，有益于；profile扼要描述，描出的轮廓；propose计划，建议；protect保护。选项B符合原文。（19）socially在社交方面，在社会地位上；conditionally附有条件地；morally正常地；environmentally有关环境方面。句意： 具有 意识的消费是实现改变的强大工具。根据上文可知选项D正确。（20）nursery护士；grocery杂货；bakery面包店；stationery文具。句意：你可以在每次装满购物车的时候都有所作为。grocery cart为常用搭配，指购物车。选项B正确。18. 单选题_, he does not love her.问题1选项A.As he likes her very muchB.Though much he likes herC.Much although he likes herD.Much though he likes her【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从