2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷12（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The ambulance services worked（ ）hauling people trapped in the building to safety.问题1选项A.on the declineB.on the contraryC.for a changeD.round the clock【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。on the decline在衰退中； on the contrary正相反；for a change为了改变一下；round the clock昼夜不停地，不知疲倦地。由ambula

2、nce以及后面的“hauling people trapped in the building to safety. 把困在楼里的人拉到安全的地方”可知急救车昼夜不停地运输被困人员。故D项符合题意。句意：救护车服务不分昼夜地把困在大楼里的人拉到安全的地方。2. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.I

3、f you say to your children Im sorry I got angry with you, but . what follows that but can render the apology ineffective: I had a bad day or your noise was giving me a headache leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should- be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.

4、Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say Im sorry youre upset; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of

5、 identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying Im useless as a parent does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry show

6、s weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three

7、-year-old might need help in understanding that other children, feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-olcl might need

8、to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1. If a mother adds but to an apology,（ ）.2. According to the author, saying Im sorry youre upset most probably means（ ）.3. It is not advisable to use the

9、general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is（ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the

10、 child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that, he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset, but Im not to blameC.I apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.it gets one into the habit of making empty p

11、romisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue

12、 calling for immediate attentionB.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seems【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第二段If you say to your children Im sorry I got angry with you, but . what follows that but can render the apology ineffective: I ha

13、d a bad day or your noise was giving me a headache leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should- be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.可知如果在道歉后加了but，那么会使那个受伤的人感觉为了得到别人的道歉，他得先为自己不好的行为道歉。与D项“这个孩子可能会觉得他欠他妈妈一个道歉”相符。故D项正确。2.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第三段Im sorry youre upset; this

14、 suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.如果这样道歉“我很抱歉你生气了”;这表明你在某种程度上是错误的，因为你让自己被别人的所作所为弄得心烦意乱。”由此可知道歉人其实并没有真正地道歉，而是认为别人是由于自己的原因而心情不好。与B项相符。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第四段Saying Im useless as a parent does not commit a person to any specific impr

15、ovement. 如果家长道歉说“我是个没用的家长”并不能让一个人得到任何具体的改善。可知用这种道歉方法是无效的。故C项正确。4.判断推理题。But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children, feel pain just as h

16、e does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-olcl might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, b

17、ut that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not. 但是，即使孩子们看到了真诚悔过的例子，他们仍然需要帮助来使其意识到道歉的复杂性。一个三岁的孩子可能需要帮助来理解其他孩子也像他一样感到疼痛，用沉重的玩具打玩伴的头需要道歉。一个六岁的孩子可能需要被提醒，辜负其他孩子的期望可能需要道歉。一个12岁的孩子可能需要被告知，未经许可就乱翻饼干罐是可以接受的，但未经许可就借父母的衣服就不行。最后一段举例讲述了不同年龄段的孩子都需要不同程度的提醒或告诫来使其意识到道歉的复杂性。故B项“在教小孩子道歉时应考虑他们的年龄。”正确。5.判

18、断推理题。全文介绍了几种伪道歉，最后总结这几种道歉方式是无效的，并且提醒读者教小孩道歉要考虑到他们的年龄。由此可见恰当的道歉并没有看起来那么简单。A项“合理道歉是需要立即关注的社会问题”文中未提及；B项“合理道歉在家庭成员中不必要”与文中提到的“A 12-year-olcl might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.”不符；C项

19、“合理道歉是社会进步的标志”与文中内容无关。故答案D3. 单选题Up until a few decades ago, our visions of-the future were largely - though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable

20、, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species

21、have endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the In

22、ternational Union for the Conversation of Nature（IUCN）, and you will read: Listed as Least Concern, as the species is .very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.So what does our deep future hold? A growing numb

23、er of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timesca

24、les than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launc

25、hed Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet an

26、d our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic View of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to re

27、duce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.1. We used to have a positive vision of the future because of（ ）.2. According to the IUCNs “Red List”, human being（ ）.3. Paragraph 5 suggest that（ ）.4. To ensure the future of mankind, it

28、is crucial to（ ）.5. The best title for the text would be（ ）.问题1选项A.our faith in science and technologyB.our desire for lives of fulfillmentC.our awareness of potential risksD.our belief in equal opportunity问题2选项A.are the worlds dominant powerB.will threaten the environmentC.face no major threatsD.ar

29、e a misplaced race问题3选项A.Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studiesB.technology offers solutions to social problemC.the interest in science fiction is on the riseD.our immediate future is hard to conceive问题4选项A.explore our planets abundant resourcesB.draw on our experience from the pastC.ado

30、pt an optimistic view of the worldD.curb our ambition to reshape history问题5选项A.The Ever-bright Prospects of MankindB.Evolution of the Human SpeciesC.Uncertainty about Our FutureD.Science, Technology and Humanity【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段可知，直到几十年前，我们对未来的看法大多是积极的。科学和技术将治愈人类的所有疾病，为

31、所有人带来满足和充满机会的生活。由此可以判断，我们通常对未来拥有积极的态度是因为我们相信科技的力量。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第三段，由第三段最后一句“.there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”可知，人类目前并没有什么主要的威胁可以导致整体人口下降。故本题正确答案为C选项。3.推理判断题。由第五段第一句“Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales th

32、an about the more immediate future.”可知考虑时间跨度比较长的未来要比考虑近期的未来更容易。由此可判断D选项正确。其他选项均不能由第五段内容得出，因此本题正确答案为D选项。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第六段第二句。由“the past holds the key to the future”可知，我们的过去掌握着通往未来的钥匙。因此，要确保人类的未来，非常关键的一点就是要从过去总结经验，因此本题正确答案为B选项。5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是因为科技的进步，人类的未来充满光明，我们现在拥有足够的知识来减少许多威胁人类生存的风险，并且能够改善未来人类的

33、命运。因此，A选项“人类永远光明的未来”最适合作为文章的题目。故本题正确答案为A选项。4. 单选题（ ）for more than five to seven minutes, the brain will be subjected to irreversible damage.问题1选项A.Oxygen once deprived ofB.Once deprived of oxygenC.Deprived of oxygen onceD.Once oxygen deprived of【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。该句的主语为the brain。大脑与缺氧之间是被动的关系，即大脑如果被剥夺氧

34、气（缺氧），故可省略主谓，用过去分词作状语。B项正确。句意：大脑一旦缺氧5-7分钟，那么它将会受到不可逆转的损害。5. 翻译题在某种物理障碍物的后面，人们会感到安全。如果一种社会场景在某种方式上具有威胁性，那么就有必要设立这样的一种障碍。当一个小孩面对陌生人时，它会躲在母亲的身后，然后偷偷地观察闯入者下一少做什么。如果母亲不在身边，椅子或者其他的家具之类的东西也可以，那么小孩面对陌生人的问题就会得到解决。如果陌生人坚持地向它靠近，那张窥探的面孔也会一起藏起來。如果这位不敏感的闯入者继续靠 近的话，虽然孩子已经明显表现出恐惧，那么小孩可能别无选择地哭泣或逃跑。这种模式随着孩子的成熟，会逐渐地减少

35、。但是在少女中，仍然可以发现他们咯咯笑的时候会用手或纸捂着面孔。在我们成年之后，童年时期的躲藏以及青少年时期的害羞在我们勇敢地见我们的客人、同伴、亲戚、同事以及客户的时候，就会全部地消失。【答案】【参考译文】Behind some kind of physical barrier, people feel safe. If a social scenario is threatening in some way, it is necessary to erect such a barrier. When a child faces a stranger, it hides behind its

36、 mother and secretly watches what the intruder does next. If the mother isnt around, a chair or other piece of furniture will do, and the childs problem with strangers will be solved. If the stranger persisted in approaching it, the peeping face would hide with him. If the insensitive intruder conti

37、nues to approach, the child may have no choice but to cry or run away, even though fear is already evident.This pattern diminishes as the child grows up. But among teenage girls, they can still be found giggling with their hands or paper over their faces. After we reach adulthood, the hiding of chil

38、dhood and the shyness of adolescence all disappear when we bravely meet our guests, companions, relatives, colleagues and clients.6. 单选题Chinas first set of regulations on human organ transplant, which prohibits organizations and individuals from trading human organs in any form,（ ）on May lst, 2007.问

39、题1选项A.fell backB.fell shortC.went into effectD.come to the point【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项fell back表示“后退”；B选项fell short表示“不符合标准，缺乏”；C选项went into effect表示“生效”；D选项come to the point表示“直截了当的说，简明扼要的说”。分析句意可知，中国颁布的首部人体器官移植条例是从2007年5月1日开始生效。因此本题正确答案为C选项。7. 单选题Even though Cochran beat McDaniel by more 6,000 vote

40、s in the national election, the latter didnt（ ）, complaining that African Americans voting for Cochran lost him the race.问题1选项A.tangleB.concedeC.tormentD.stalk【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项tangle表示“（和）争吵；打架；使缠结在一起”；B选项concede表示“让步，承认，退让”；C选项torment表示“折磨，痛苦，捉弄”；D选项stalk表示“追踪，偷偷接近”。根据even though可判断前后两句为让步关系，由后

41、文“complaining that African Americans voting for Cochran lost him the race”可知，McDaniel抱怨是非洲裔美国人投票给Cochran才导致他输掉了竞选，说明他依然对这件事耿耿于怀，可见他并不承认失败。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。8. 翻译题For all you space buffs who like to keep track of where the water is, it looks like you can add our very own moon to your list. Because accord

42、ing to a trio of papers appearing in the journal Science, the lunar surface is wetter than we realized.Forty years ago, Apollo astronauts brought a bunch of moon rocks back home. For the most part those samples showed no traces of water whatsoever. Those that seemed even the slightest bit moist were

43、 thought to have been contaminated by water from Earthbecause the containers they were stored in turned out to be leaky.But now scientists say theyve spotted water right on the moons surface. Using instruments on three different spacecraft, the scientists detected the chemical signature of good old

44、H2O. And they think the water springs from the moon itself. The lunar soil is nearly 50 percent oxygen, and the scientists think that hydrogen comes from the solar wind that pounds the moons surface.Put the two together and you get wet. Not too wet, of course. Theres probably only about a quart of w

45、ater in every ton of lunar soil. Thats dryer than the Sahara, but wetter than we thought.【答案】对于你们这些喜欢追踪水在哪里的太空迷来说，看起来你们可以把我们自己的月球加入你们的名单。因为根据发表在科学杂志上的三篇论文，月球表面比我们想象的要潮湿。40年前，阿波罗宇航员带回了一堆月球岩石。在大多数情况下，这些样本没有任何水的痕迹。那些看起来哪怕是最轻微的潮湿都被认为是受到了来自地球的水的污染因为它们储存的容器原来是漏水的。但现在科学家称他们已经在月球表面发现了水。科学家们在三艘不同的宇宙飞船上使用仪器，探

46、测到了古老的H2o的化学特征。他们认为水来自月球本身。月球的土壤中有近50%是氧气，科学家们认为氢气来自撞击月球表面的太阳风。把这两者放在一起，你就湿了。当然不会太湿。每吨月球土壤中大概只有一夸脱水。那里比撒哈拉沙漠干燥，但比我们想象的要潮湿。9. 单选题Social tensions among adult factions can be adjusted by politics, but adolescents and children have no such（ ）for resolving their conflict with the exclusive world of adult

47、s.问题1选项A.attitudeB.mechanismC.justificationD.opportunity【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。attitude态度，看法；mechanism机制，原理，途径；justification 理由，辩护。；opportunity机会。no such与前半句的politics对应，politics在句中属于解决问题的方法，故后半句用mechanism。答案B。句意：成人派系之间的社会紧张关系可以通过政治来调整，但是青少年和儿童没有这样的（ ）来解决他们与成人世界的冲突。、10. 单选题Hillary Clinton on Tuesday stresse

48、d that the battle for（ ）equality and preventing violence against women needs to be a priority for both women and men.问题1选项A.scandalB.genderC.egoD.asset【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。scandal丑闻；gender性别；ego自我；asset资产。由“and preventing violence against women 防止对妇女的暴力行为”可推知前半句是提倡男女平等。故B项正确。句意：希拉里克林顿于本周二强调，男女平等和防止针对女性的暴

49、力行为的斗争应该是男女双方的首要任务。11. 单选题Some people believe that “King John” was written by Shakespeare, but some people think it might be written by an（ ）author.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.authenticC.antiqueD.anonymous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱两可的；authentic 真正的，真实的；antique 古老的，年代久远的；anonymous匿名的，无名的。由but可知前后句所述内容相

50、反，前半句说有人相信莎士比亚是约翰王的作者，后半句推测作者是一个匿名的作家。故D项正确。句意：有些人认为约翰王是莎士比亚写的，但有些人认为它可能是匿名的作者写的。12. 单选题For years Kaufer, an associate professor at U.C. Berkeley, has been working on how stress affects the brain and body, and the complexity of the（ ）instinct to fight or flee.问题1选项A.ethicalB.militaryC.politicalD.hum

51、an【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ethical表示“伦理的，道德的”；B选项military表示“军事的，军人的”；C选项political表示“政治的，党派的”；D选项human表示“人的，人类的”。分析句意可知，这位副教授一直都致力于研究压力如何影响大脑和身体，以及人类战斗和逃跑本能的复杂性。因此human的词义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。13. 单选题When Titanic was hit by an iceberg during her maiden voyage, the captain was forced to（ ）it.问题1选项A.abandon

52、B.tow awayC.renounceD.overturn【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。abandon “放弃”；tow away “拖走”；renounce “宣布放弃”；overturn “颠覆，推翻”。句意：当泰坦尼克号被冰山袭击时，船长被迫放弃她。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题During the Spring Festival holiday, Chinese citizens are granted a visa-upon-arrival in 37 countries and regions, while a further 11 countries and region

53、s are（ ）visa-free.问题1选项A.identicalB.measurableC.abnormalD.accessible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项identical表示“同一的，完全相同的”；B选项measurable表示“可测量的，重大的，重要的”；C选项abnormal表示“反常的，不规则的”；D选项accessible表示“可进入的，可理解的，易接近的”。由句意可知，在春节期间，中国公民在37个国家和地区享有落地签证的权利，而在另外的11个国家和地区，享受免签待遇。因此，D选项含义最符合句意要求，故本题正确答案为D选项。15. 单选题A wearable

54、 technology developed-by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine may help surgeons to（ ）cancer cells, which will help to ensure that no stray tumor cells are left-behind during surgical procedures.问题1选项A.utilizeB.visualizeC.transcendD.transform【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。utilize 利用； visualize 显现

55、，可视化；transcend 胜过，超越；transform变换，改变。由which引导的从句内容可知“这可穿戴的技术可以帮助确保癌细胞无残留”说明这项技术能够让外科医生在手术过程过看清楚癌细胞。故B项符合题意。句意：华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员开发的一种可穿戴技术可能有助于外科医生看清楚癌细胞，这将有助于确保在手术过程中不会留下任何游离的肿瘤细胞。16. 单选题Wrestler Jake “The Snake” Robert told TMZ.com that he will（ ）emergency surgery to remove a cancerous tumour.问题1选项A.uph

56、oldB.undergoC.transferD.trigger【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项uphold表示“支撑，鼓励，赞成”；B选项undergo表示“经历，经受，忍受”；C选项transfer表示“转让，转移”；D选项trigger表示“触发，引起”。由句意可知，这位摔跤手告诉TMZ.com网站说，他将进行紧急手术，切除癌症肿瘤。因此，只有undergo的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B选项。17. 单选题The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today

57、 -summed up, not altogether accurately, as “research and development”. Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even i

58、n this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization

59、became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a f

60、ew industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870，but even then much of what passed for the application of science was “engineering science” rather than basic science. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expa

61、nsion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness -if not understanding of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption

62、that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been ope

63、ned up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the p