2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷71（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseReading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you you ought” to read, you probably wont have fun. But if you put down a book you dont like and try another till you find one that me

2、ans something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good timeand if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you wont have suffered during the process.【答案】只有当你期望阅读是有趣的时候，它才是有趣的。如果你全神贯注于别人告诉你“应该”读的书，你可能不会有乐趣。但是如果你放下一本你不喜欢的书，并尝试另一本，直到你找到一本对你

3、有点意义的书，然后轻松地读下去，你肯定能乐在其中如果你因为阅读而变得更好，更智慧，更友善，或者更文雅，你就不会在这个过程中受苦。2. 单选题In todays world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, socie

4、ty has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation. Very few small businesses have even a portion of the

5、financial sources available to larger enterprises. Frequently they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled?

6、When a fire breaks out and destroys the firms building or stock? When an employee is found to have stolen company funds? When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident? Too often, the business is forced to the wall; its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged

7、beyond repair; its ability to continue completely crushed.Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing or almost nothing to run his business

8、 with. If losses were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss-the same kind or differentmight not occur next week, next month? But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood of staying in business at all.1.This selection

9、deals mainly with （ ）.2.In Paragraph 3, “forced to the wall” means “ （ ）.3.The author thinks that（ ）.4.Adequate insurance will do all of the following EXCEPT that it will（ ）.5.The word “curbed” in Paragraph 3 is nearest in meaning to （ ）.问题1选项A.the relation between insurance and societyB.accidents a

10、nd lossesC.business failuresD.the importance of insurance to business问题2选项A.driven to despairB.staying in a strong positionC.doing wellD.climbing up问题3选项A.accidents always happenB.a businessman should take riskC.businesses should have adequate insuranceD.insurance is a social welfare project问题4选项A.f

11、ree some business fundsB.add to benefits for employeesC.relieve some management problemsD.provide for unexpected incidents问题5选项A.checkedB.advancedC.expandedD.disturbed【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章开篇就提到保险在整个经济和社会福利中起着至关重要的作用，第二段讲述了保险在企业管理中是最重要的，第三、四段讲述了没有足够保险的企业会面临怎样的后果。因此D选项“保险对企业的重要

12、性”符合题意。第2题:词义题。driven to despair意为“陷入绝望”；staying in a strong position意为“保持强势”；doing well意为“经营盈利”；climbing up意为“上升”。由后面的it is damaged beyond repair; its ability to continue completely crushed可知前面表示不好的结果，因此选A。第3题:观点态度题。文章主要讲述了保险对企业的重要性，因此C选项“企业应该有足够的保险”符合作者的观点。第4题:推理判断题。文章第三四段提到了如果没有足够的保险，那么企业将遇到资金、意外

13、事故、管理方面等问题，没有提到会增加员工福利，因此选B。第5题:词义题。checked意为“选定的，有方格图案的”；advanced意为“先进的”；expanded意为“扩大的”；disturbed意为“扰乱的，心理失常的”。由前面的the business is forced to the wall可知此处表示不好的结果，its future operations drastically curbed（它未来的运营受到了极大的），因此选D。3. 单选题Why was the suggestion that she （ ）to our party rejected the day before

14、 yesterday?问题1选项A.be invitedB.to be invitedC.being invitedD.has been invited【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。在表示“建议、要求、命令、意愿”等意义的名词，后面跟的表语从句中和同位语从句中谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略，因此选A。句意：为什么前天她受邀参加我们聚会的建议被拒绝了？4. 单选题Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job databa

15、se on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites “personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keyw

16、ords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D, C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. I struck gold says Redmon, who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, fin

17、ding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient, Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: Every time you answer a question

18、 you eliminate a possibility, says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do- then broaden it. None of these programs do that says another expert. theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. Instead, the best strategy is to use the a

19、gent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database, when you get e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me, says the author of a job-searching guide.Some

20、sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Career Sites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have t

21、o visit the site again to find them and they do. On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic, says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch o

22、n the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at Career Builder, You always keep your eyes open, he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of

23、 eyes looking out for you.1.How did Redmon find his job?2.Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?3.The expression tip service (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means（ ）.4.Why does Career Sites agent offer each job hunter only three job options?5.Which of the following is tru

24、e according to the text?问题1选项A.By searching openings in a job database.B.By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special service of a database.D.By e-mailing his resume to a database.问题2选项A.Lack of counseling.B.Limited number of visits.C.Lower efficiency.D.Fewer successful matches.

25、问题3选项A.advisoryB.compensationC.interactionD.reminder问题4选项A.To focus on better job matches.B.To attract more returning visits.C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.问题5选项A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B.Some sites keep e-mailing job seekers t

26、o trace their demands.C.Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中a job database on the Internet.“personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that

27、lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.可知Redmon是通过使用数据库的特殊服务找到工作的，因此选C。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中theres no career counseling implicit in all of this（所有这些都没有隐含的职业咨询）可知选A。第3题:词义题。advisory意为“咨询，劝告”；compensation意为

28、“补偿，赔偿”；interaction意为“互动”；reminder意为“提示”。由文章第四段中Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database, when you get e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.（相反，最好的策略是使用代理作为一种“tip service”，以随时了解特定数据库中的工作，当你收到电子邮件时，把

29、它当成一个提示，该再次检查数据库了）可知D选项符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return.（一些网站设计他们的代理来吸引求职者返回）When Career Sites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matc

30、hes. 可知选B。第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed.可知非求职人员可以利用搜索代

31、理来关注对他们工作岗位的需求以及薪资，这对他们也是有用的，因此选C。5. 单选题Teaching children to be （ ）in both technology and basic skills like writing by hand is a balancing act that is as much a task for parents as for teachers.问题1选项A.proficientB.adeptC.capableD.suitable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。proficient意为“精通的，熟练的”，be proficient in意为“精通于，熟

32、练掌握”；adept意为“擅长于的”，一般指有技巧的事情；capable意为“有能力的”，常与of连用；suitable意为“合适的”，常用for连用。句意：教孩子们熟练掌握技术和基本技能，比如手写，是一种平衡行为，对家长和教师来说都是一项任务。6. 单选题I got several lengthy phone calls from （ ）employers who were very interested in me.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.rewardingC.generousD.monotonous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。prospective意为“预期的”；r

33、ewarding意为“值得的”；generous意为“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意为“单调乏味的”。句意：我接到几个来自乏味雇主的冗长的电话，他们对我很感兴趣。7. 单选题Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?问题1选项A.do you think has happened for her?B.do you think the visiting professor is?C.do you think he earns every month?D.would you say he would come

34、?【答案】C【解析】考查句子成分。题干：下面哪个斜体部分被用作宾语？A选项what作主语；B选项who作表语；C选项how much作宾语；D选项how quickly作状语。8. 单选题“Those girls are identical twins, arent they?” “Yes, they look exactly （ ）问题1选项A.sameB.alikeC.likeD.same ones【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。look在此处作感官动词，意为“看起来”后面接形容词。same一般与the连用，alike为形容词，意为“相像的，十分相似”。句意：“那些女孩是同卵双胞胎，不是

35、吗？”“是的，她们看起来十分相似”。9. 单选题The （ ）of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.textureC.contentD.threshold【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。essence意为“本质，实质”；texture意为“质地”；content意为“内容”；threshold意为“门槛，入口，开始”。句意：科学态度的本质是人类的头脑能够成功地理解宇宙。10. 单选题The government gav

36、e a very（ ）explanation of its plans for industrial development.问题1选项A.understandingB.comprehensiveC.compulsoryD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。understanding意为“善解人意的，富有同情心的”；comprehensive意为“详尽的，综合性的，全部的”；compulsory意为“必须做的，强制性的”；sophisticated意为“复杂的”。句意：政府给出了一个对其工业发展计划十分全面的解释。11. 单选题The system was origi

37、nally deployed to precisely locate the positions of soldiers, weapons, and targets by（ ）geodetic latitude and longitude coordinates.问题1选项A.pinpointingB.pointingC.puttingD.recognizing【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。pinpoint意为“确定，准确地指出”；point意为“指出”；put意为“放”； recognize意为“认出”。句意：该系统最初是通过找出大地纬度和经度坐标来精确定位士兵、武器和目标的位置。12.

38、单选题Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly

39、 when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of sev

40、en doctors -two primary care physicians and five specialists-in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary ca

41、re slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does. Regardless of quality or outcome, the better hes reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A

42、specialists who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements，physicians are faces with no choice b

43、ut to increase quantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement de

44、ck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem?It star

45、ts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving

46、 student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligibl

47、e for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?1.The authors chief concern about the current U.S health care system is（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that（ ）.3.Faced with the government thre

48、ats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately primary care physicians have to（ ）.4.Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?5.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?问题1选项A.the inadequate training of physiciansB.the declining nu

49、mber of doctorsC.the shrinking primary care resourcesD.the ever-rising health care costs问题2选项A.the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB.seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC.visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthD.the more doctors taking care of

50、 a patient, the better问题3选项A.increase their income by working overtimeB.improve their expertise and serviceC.make various deals with specialistsD.see more patients at the expense of quality问题4选项A.They find the need for primary care declining.B.The current system works against primary care.C.Primary

51、care physicians command less respect.D.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.问题5选项A.Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.B.Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C.Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D.Reduce the tuition of stu

52、dents who choose primary care as their major.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。通读全文，可知作者提出了美国目前初级护理医师比例的严重失衡，造成这一现象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解决的方法，因此C选项“初级保健资源萎缩”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care.（与人们普遍的看法相反，医生照顾你的次数越多，就不能保证

53、更好的护理）可知人们通常认为医生照顾病人越多，就越好。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段和第五段中physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices（医生们别无选择，只能增加数量以增加收入。拒绝妥协质量的初级保健医师要么被逐出行业，要么从事与一些现金相关的行业）可

54、知D选项“以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第六段They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care.（他们看到了费用返还体制是如何严重地弄虚作假，不利于初级护理）可知B选项“现行制度是针对初级护理”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章倒数第三段提出了解决初级护理的一些措施，包括：改革医生返还费用制度；减轻初级保健医生压力；免除选择初级护理作为职业的学生贷款；缩小专科医师与初级护理医师薪水的差异。因此A选项“缩小专家和初级保健医生之间的工资差距”符合题意。13. 单

55、选题Becoming disabled by an accident is one of the most serious（ ）that all drivers face.问题1选项A.shortcomingsB.faultsC.mistakesD.hazards【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。shortcoming意为“短处，缺点”；fault意为“缺点，缺陷”；mistake意为“错误，过失”；hazard意为“危险，危害，事故”。句意：车祸致残是所有司机面临的最大威胁之一。14. 单选题Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for

56、 a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they w

57、ant. If the shop has it in stock the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on, proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyones satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the s

58、hop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something elsehe offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly, he does so with skill and pol

59、ish. I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours b

60、y trying it on.Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only having a look around. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets

61、great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes; most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothe

62、s. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.1.When a man is buying clothes, （ ）.2.In commerce a good salesman is one who（ ）.3.What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?4.According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women（ ）.